聚合酶链反应在器官移植受者人类疱疹病毒6型感染检测中的应用

目的 探讨器官移植受者人类疱疹病毒６型（ＨＨＶ－６）感染的诊断方法。方法 应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,检测３１例器官移植受者术前１周、术后１６天及１０例移植术后发热时的外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）中的ＨＨＶ－６ＤＮＡ。结果 术前７例和术后１９例的ＰＢＭＣｓ中检测出ＨＨＶ－６ＤＮＡ,１０例发热患者中８例ＨＨＶ－６ＤＮＡ阳性。对１０例发热患者用阿昔洛韦治疗,８例症状得到控制,２例死亡。结论 应用     

细胞间粘附分子-1和血管细胞粘附分子-1在慢性排斥反应中的表达

为了探讨移植肾慢性排斥反应的发病机制，应用免疫组化技术（ＡＢＣ法）对１６例肾移植术后发生慢性排斥反应患者的移植肾组织及５例正常肾组织行细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）、血管细胞粘附分子－１（ＶＣＡＭ－１）染色及ＨＥ染色。结果表明ＩＣＡＭ－１、ＶＣＡＭ－１在正常肾脏和慢性排斥反应移植肾脏上的表达分布不同；结果提示，它们在移植肾慢性排斥反应的发生、发展过程中起重要作用     

人巨细胞病毒感染对肾移植受者血清白细胞介素－6水平的影响

应用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ，诊断肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ感染，６５例受者中ＨＣＭＶ感染者３９例，非感染者２６例。应用ＭＴＴ法检测受者血清ＩＬ－６生物活性，阐明了ＨＣＭＶ感染对肾移植受者血清ＩＬ－６水平的影响。结果表明：感染与非感染组间血清ＩＬ－６水平差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；６例原发性感染者血清ＩＬ－６水平随感染时间延长呈增高及降低双相改变，表明慢性迁延性感染者血清ＩＬ－６水平降低。临床工作中监测ＨＣＭＶ感染的肾移植受者血清ＩＬ－６水平变化具有重要意义。     

皮肤交叉配型在预测肾移植排斥反应中的作用

首次采有回顾性及前瞻性方式对１０５例肾移植患者进行了血管内皮细胞抗体（ＶＥＣ－Ａｂ）的皮肤交叉配型试验。回顾性研究显示８／３８例呈阳性反应者中６例（７５％）发生了严重的早期加速排斥，２／３０例阴性反应者中仅２例发生早期排异，皮肤配型阳性与早期排异的发生有明显关联（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。前瞻性研究显示：经配型重新选择供肾的６７例中仅４例发生早期排异反应（６％），ＶＥＣ－Ａｂ的存在与移植排异反应之间关系     

CD44V6和E—CD的表达与胃癌生物学特性的关系

目的 探讨ＣＤ４４Ｖ６（ＣＤ４４ ｓｐｌｉｃｅ ｖａｒｉａｎｔ Ｖ６）和Ｅ－ＣＤ（ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ）表达与胃癌发生发展的关系,评价ＣＤ４４Ｂ６和Ｅ－ＣＤ在胃癌诊断、浸润转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法 采用ＳＰ免疫组化染色方法,检测２０例正常胃粘膜上皮,４３例异型增生和１０１例胃癌组织的ＣＤ４４Ｖ６和Ｅ－ＣＤ的表达情况。结果 正常胃粘膜ＣＤ４４Ｖ６呈阴性表达,异型增生粘膜ＣＤ４４Ｖ６阳性表达率为３     

高晶体—高胶体渗透压混合液对原代培养星状胶质细胞糖代谢？…

目的 观察星状胶质细胞在不同浓度高晶体－高胶体渗透压混合液（ＨＨＳ）中葡萄糖的代谢状况。方法 原代培养大白鼠胚胎的海马星状胶质细胞,暴露于不同浓度ＨＨＳ混合液１５分钟后测其细胞内「＾１４Ｃ」脱氧葡萄糖－６－磷酸的含量。结果 暴露于０．０５％、０．１％和０．２５％ＨＨＳ混合液１５分钟后,胞内脱氧葡萄糖－６－磷酸的含量在１５分钟和６０分钟时明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）,与同一时间的对照值相比也明显升高（Ｐ     

人原发性胆管细胞性肝癌与乙型肝炎病毒感染的关系

目的 探讨胆管细胞性肝癌（ＣＣＣ）与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染间的关系。方法 应用ＰＣＲ－ＥＢ法对胆管细胞性肝癌，胆管结石的肝组织，石蜡包埋标本进行ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测。并回顾性地与ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测的血清ＨＢＶ五项标志物进行对比。结果 ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率在胆管细胞性肝癌组明显高于肝胆管结石组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；胆管细胞性肝癌的癌旁胆管上皮细胞异型增生ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性组明显高于ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴性组（     

腹膜透析患者肾脏移植23例报告

腹膜透析患者肾脏移植２３例报告孙世澜，周朝阳，刘晓城，曾凡军，夏穗生ＴＲＡＮＳＰＬＡＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＲＥＣＥＩＶＩＮＧＰＥＲＩＴＯＮＥ－ＡＬＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＳｕｎＳｈｉｌａｎ；ＺｈｅｎｇＦａｎｊｕｎ；ＺｈｏｎＣｈａｏｙ－ａｎｇ，ｅｔａｌ．（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ...     

细胞间粘附分子—1和血管细胞粘附分子—1在慢性排斥反应中的 …

为了探讨移植肾慢性排斥反应的发病机制，应用免疫组化技术对１６例肾移植术后发生慢性排斥反应患者的移植肾组织及５例正常肾组织行细胞间粘附分子－１，血管细胞粘附分子－１染色及ＨＥ染色。结果表明ＩＣＡＭ－１，ＶＣＡＭ－１在正常肾脏和慢性排斥反应移植肾脏上的表达分布不同。结果提示，它们在移植肾慢性排斥反应的发生，发展过程中起重要的作用。     

白细胞介素－6在老年女性原发性骨质疏松症发病中的作用

为探讨白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）在老年女性原发性骨质疏松症（ｏｓｔｅｏｐｏｒｏｓｉｓＯＰ）发病中的作用，本文采用ＩＬ－６依赖性细胞株ＭＨ６０．ＢＳＦ增殖反应ＭＴＴ法检测了３０例老年女性骨质疏松性骨折患者和２４例正常者以及１４例健康绝经前女性外周血单核细胞培养上清（ＰＢＭＣ）ＩＬ－６水平以及血清雌激素（Ｅ２）、骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）等水平的变化。结果：绝经后妇女ＩＬ－６水平高于绝经前，而ＯＰ组又高于ＮＯＰ组。以ＯＰ组ＩＬ－６为因变量的多元回归分析发现：ＩＬ－６与年龄无明显相关关系，与前臂骨密度（ＢＭＤ）和Ｅ２呈负相关，与ＢＧＰ和尿钙与尿肌酐比值（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）呈正相关。结果提示老年女性骨丢失属于高转换型，雌激素水平减少使分泌ＩＬ－６细胞活化，ＩＬ－６分泌增多，从而刺激骨吸收，骨吸收超过骨形成就会导致ＯＰ的发生     

Isolation of human herpes virus 6 from peripheral blood of renal transplant recipients

One strain of the viruses was isolated from preipheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of a renal transplant recipient. PBL isolated from blood samples were cocultured with the PHA actived cord blood lymphocytes (CBL). Two of twelve recipient's samples found cytopathic effect after 10 to 14 days. Examination of ultrathin-sections of the virus infected cells by electron microscope showed herpes-like virus particles. Detection of indirect immunofluorescences with McAbs against HHV-6 was positive in the infected cells.     

Isolation of a new human herpesvirus producing a lytic infection of helper (CD4) T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures--another cause of acquired immunodeficiency?

A new human helper (CD4) T-lymphotropic herpesvirus (HTLHV) was first isolated in February 1985 from the cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and subsequently from the PBL of 1 patient with hairy cell leukaemia and 2 patients with lymphoproliferative disease associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection. The viruses could be serially subcultured in umbilical cord PBL cultures in which they infected helper (CD4) T-lymphocytes producing multinucleate giant cells with intranuclear inclusions followed by cell lysis. Electron microscopy of infected cultures revealed that the isolates were herpesviruses. Specific DNA probing showed that the 4 isolates were related to one another but were distinct from cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster virus. HTLHV lyses the same target cell as human immunodeficiency virus in PBL cultures suggesting that it may have a similar potential to cause acquired immune deficiency. The development of an unequivocally diagnostic serological test is a priority, so that the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HTLHV infection can be studied.     

淋巴细胞对子宫内膜蜕膜化及胚胎着床的影响

目的　探讨淋巴细胞对子宫内膜蜕膜化及胚胎着床的影响。　方法　分离育龄妇女增殖晚期子宫内膜间质细胞 ,加入雌二醇 (E2 )、孕酮 (P)使蜕膜化后 ,加入人非孕及早孕外周血淋巴细胞与小鼠第 4天胚胎共培养 ,观察间质细胞及胚胎的孵化、粘附、扩展生长情况 ,并测定培养液中泌乳素 (PRL)含量。　结果　早孕淋巴细胞对子宫内膜蜕膜化有明显促进作用 ,特异性促进PRL分泌 (P <0 .0 5 )。淋巴细胞能促进胚胎在子宫内膜间质细胞的孵化、粘附、扩展性生长 ,早孕组胚胎扩展生长率显著高于非孕组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　早孕淋巴细胞可能通过促进E2 、P激素调节蜕膜化的子宫内膜分泌PRL而促进胚胎着床。     

Recognition of virally transformed cells by lymphocytes from patients with prostatic cancer.

Data presented describe the first assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against two unique virally transformed cell lines in vitro. Human cells transformed by a cytomegalovirus (CMV-Mj) isolated from normal human prostate tissue were used as target cells in microcytoxicity assays with lymphocytes from 100 patients. Three target cell types were used: control human embryonic lung cells (HEL), transformed HEL cells (CMV-Mj-HEL-2), and transformed HEL cells retrieved from tumors induced in athymic nude mice (CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1) by injection of CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells. PBL preparations from 84% of all patients tested significantly killed CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1 cells. However, only PBL from patients with prostatic carcinoma were cytotoxic for CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells significantly more often than for control HEL. The implications of this approach are discussed.     

Monitoring of cardiac graft recipients: comparison of in vivo activated,committed T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in the graft

The proliferative and cytotoxic capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes propagated from endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) towards donor cells was used to identify in vivo activated, committed T cells. A series of 39 PBL samples and 38 EMB simultaneously taken from 20 patients after heart transplantation was cultured in interleukin 2 (IL-2) conditioned medium. The cytotoxic capacity of these cultures against donor cells was tested in a 4-h chromium-51 release assay. From a comparable patient group, 224 samples were evaluated for donor reactivity by a primed lymphocyte test (PLT). Analysis showed that PBL cultures hardly ever contained committed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cCTL, 2/39) or committed proliferative T lymphocytes (cPTL, 1/224). In contrast, significantly more EMB cultures (17/38, P < 0.001, χ² test) demonstrated donor-directed cytotoxicity. This was especially found during rejection (11/17 vs 6/21 without rejection, P = 0.05). These results show that after heart transplantation, committed cells are mainly found in the graft.     

Antitumor Killer Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of a Patient with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Background: Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with bladder cancer also contain cells possessing cytotoxic activity against autologous tumor cells. These cells are phenotypically heterogenous and include natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T cells. This study investigated the role of cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against autologous bladder cancer cells.
Methods: PBL were obtained at intervals before and after surgery and analyzed for cytotoxic activity against autologous bladder cancer cells in 4-hour⁵¹ Cr release assay. PBL stimulated with autologous tumor cells were also transformed with human T-lymphotropic virus type-1, establishing a cell line (KB31) which was analyzed for phenotype and cytotoxic activity against the autologous tumor cells.
Results: PBL preoperative cytotoxic activity was low, but increased after surgery. Cytotoxic activity was found not only against autologous bladder cancer cells, but also against heterologous bladder cancer (KK-47) and myeloid leukemia (K562) cells, with the highest activity against the heterologous cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of KB31 was 40|X% against autologous tumor cells 6 weeks after initiation of the cell line, but decreased to 5|X% by 6 months. This activity was lower than that against the other cell lines, and was similar to that of PBL in short-term culture. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis demonstrated that in KB31 cells at 6 weeks, CD8+ cells were dominant, but CD56+ cells predominated at 6 months.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the presence of cytotoxic activity in the peripheral blood of the patient was due to both cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The cytotoxic activity was lowest prior to surgery and increased postoperatively.     

The regulation of natural killer cell activity by splenic nonspecific suppressor cells and its modification in cancer patients

Spleen cells (SC), splenic venous blood lymphocytes (SVL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from gastric and esophageal cancer patients were simultaneously tested for natural killer (NK) and nonspecific suppressor (Ts) cell activities. Furthermore, the influence of Ts activity on the augmentation of NK activity by a biological response modifier (BRM) was also investigated. Positive Ts activities were frequently detected in the SC, SVL and PBL of advanced cancer patients. The NK activities of SC and SVL were maintained even in advanced cancer patients, though significantly depressed NK activities were observed in the PBL of advanced cases. Cancer patient SC, SVL and PBL with positive Ts activity showed low NK activities. Moreover, the NK activities of SVL and PBL were low in the patients with positive Ts activity in SC. The NK activity of normal control PBL was strongly augmented by interleukin 2, interferon and OK-432. These BRMs exhibited comparable capacities to augment the NK activities of SC, SVL and PBL with negative Ts activity in cancer patients, however, the effects of these agents seemed to be low in cells with a positive Ts activity. These results suggested that NK activity might be regulated by nonspecific suppressor cells and the presence of suppressor cells might affect the augmentation of NK activity through BRM in circulating blood lymphocytes and also in spleen cells.     

The regulation of natural killer cell activity by splenic nonspecific suppressor cells and its modification in cancer patients

Spleen cells (SC), splenic venous blood lymphocytes (SVL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from gastric and esophageal cancer patients were simultaneously tested for natural killer (NK) and nonspecific suppressor (Ts) cell activities. Furthermore, the influence of Ts activity on the augmentation of NK activity by a biological response modifier (BRM) was also investigated. Positive Ts activities were frequently detected in the SC, SVL and PBL of advanced cancer patients. The NK activities of SC and SVL were maintained even in advanced cancer patients, though significantly depressed NK activities were observed in the PBL of advanced cases. Cancer patient SC, SVL and PBL with positive Ts activity showed low NK activities. Moreover, the NK activities of SVL and PBL were low in the patients with positive Ts activity in SC. The NK activity of normal control PBL was strongly augmented by interleukin 2, interferon and OK-432. These BRMs exhibited comparable capacities to augment the NK activities of SC, SVL and PBL with negative Ts activity in cancer patients, however, the effects of these agents seemed to be low in cells with a positive Ts activity. These results suggested that NK activity might be regulated by nonspecific suppressor cells and the presence of suppressor cells might affect the augmentation of NK activity through BRM in circulating blood lymphocytes and also in spleen cells.     

Role of natural killer T (NKT) cells lacking interleukin (IL)-4 producing abilities on the CC-chemokine ligand 2-associated herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse chimeras

CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) is known to have an important role on T helper type 2 (Th2) cell generation and described to induce interleukin (IL)-4 production by activated T cells. In the present study, an increase of CCL2 production in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with severe thermal injuries was demonstrated. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reconstituted with PBL from healthy donors (PBL-SCID chimeras) were resistant to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Treatment of these chimeras with recombinant human CCL2 resulted in an increased susceptibility to the same HSV-1 infection. However, human SCID mouse chimeras created by PBL depleted of natural killer T (NKT) cells (NKT(-) PBL-SCID chimeras) were resistant to HSV-1 infection, even though they were treated with CCL2. IL-4 was not detected in the sera of NKT(-) PBL-SCID chimeras treated with CCL2, while IL-4 was detected in the sera of PBL-SCID chimeras under the same CCL2 administration. NKT cells isolated from PBL were shown to be cells not responsible for CCL2-stimulated IL-4 production. However, in the presence of CCL2, IL-4 was detected in culture fluids of NKT cells co-cultured with naive T cells. This cytokine was produced in co-cultures of NKT cells pretreated with CCL2 (CCL2-NKT cells) and naive T cells. In addition, IL-4 production was demonstrated in transwell cultures of CCL2-NKT cells and naive T cells. These results suggest that NKT cells lacking IL-4 producing abilities contribute to the CCL2-associated increase in the susceptibility of thermally injured patients to HSV-1 infection through the induction of Th2 cell generation.     

Activation by the protein-bound polysaccharide PSK (krestin) of cytotoxic lymphocytes that act on fresh autologous tumor cells and T24 human urinary bladder transitional carcinoma cell line in patients with urinary bladder cancer

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide Kureha, was tested for its ability to modulate the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes that act on autologous tumor cells and T24 human urinary bladder tumor cells in urinary bladder cancer patients in a 6-h 51Cr release assay. In vitro treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with PSK for 18 hours resulted in an augmentation or induction of cytotoxicity against relatively resistant T24 cells in previously reactive and nonreactive cases, respectively. The PSK-treated PBL were able to kill more effectively tumor cells that were freshly isolated from the same cancer patients than non-treated PBL. The effects of PSK were noted with PBL as well as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and with PSK at concentrations of 10 to 100 micrograms./ml., while PSK at higher doses reduced their lytic activities. The addition of PSK to the assay at the same concentrations also enhanced the cytotoxicities. Autologous tumor killing (ATK) activities of both large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and T lymphocytes were enhanced by PSK. Treatment of PBL with PSK did not effect on the proportion of PBL binding to the tumor cells, while it augmented the cytotoxic activity. Cell-free supernatant of PSK-stimulated lymphocyte culture did not contain any detectable amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, anti-IFN-alpha monoclonal antibody (MAb), anti-IFN-gamma MAb and anti-IL-2 MAb did not inhibit PSK-induced augmentation of cytotoxicity against T24. Oral administration of PSK (three gm./day) to patients with urinary bladder cancer daily for seven days before operation resulted in an augmentation of the cytotoxicity against T24 cells in five out of 10 patients and no change of the cytotoxicity in the other five patients. ATK activity was also enhanced by oral administration of PSK in three out of five patients. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of PSK may be in part mediated through activation of tumor killing system independent of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2.