Comparison of microshear bond strengths of four self-etching bonding systems to enamel using two test methods

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in enamel and dentine adhesive technology have resulted in the emergence of many new adhesive systems. Self-etching bonding systems do not require a separate etching step and the newest systems are the "all-in-one" systems which combine etching, priming and bonding into a single application. This study reports laboratory enamel microshear bond strengths of a self-etching priming and three all-in-one systems and also evaluates two different microshear bond test methods. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen enamel specimens were bonded (0.8 mm diameter) with either Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray), Xeno III (Dentsply), G Bond (GC) or One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama) using Palfique Estelite resin composite and stored in 37 degrees Celsius water for seven days. The microshear bond test method used either a blade or wire to apply the shear stress. Results were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc (Tukey) multiple comparison analysis. RESULTS: Clearfil Protect Bond demonstrated higher and more consistent bond strengths than Xeno III, G Bond or One-Up Bond F. The wire method showed much greater reliability in results, with a coefficient of variation half that of the blade method. CONCLUSIONS: All-in-one adhesives seem to be less reliable than the two-step self-etching priming adhesive when bonding to enamel. Test method can significantly affect results in the microshear bond test method.     

Shear Bond Strength Evaluation of Different Veneering Systems on Ni-Cr Alloys

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of four esthetic veneering materials on nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty square patterns (10 x 10 x 1.5 mm) were cast with Ni-Cr, divided equally into four groups, and received four treatments for veneering: conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM), Artglass, Targis/Vectris, and Biodent light-cured prosthodontic composite resins. After sandblasting of the cast metal surfaces with 50 micro m alumina, the composites were applied to the surfaces according to manufacturers' recommendations. Shear bond strength was determined at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results were analyzed statistically with Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: Mean shear bond strength values were 34.96 MPa for PFM, 14.17 MPa for Targis/Vectris, 13.64 MPa for Artglass, and 10.56 MPa for Biodent. The PFM group exhibited significantly higher bond strength values compared with the other three groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PFM showed considerably higher shear bond strength values than the three metal-resin bonding techniques.     

树脂微拉伸粘结强度测试法的影响因素

目前常用微拉伸强度测试法对树脂的粘结强度进行评估。微拉伸强度测试法较传统的剪切强度测试有许多独特优点,然而该测试法会受到诸多因素的影响,使之不能准确反映树脂与牙体组织之间的粘结强度。这些影响因素主要包括离体牙储存方式、样本预备、不同的粘结系统以及固化方式等,已有学者对其进行了相关研究,该文就其研究成果作一综述。     

Bond strength of Gradia veneering composite to fibre-reinforced composite

This study investigated the shear bond strength of light-curing veneering composite resin to glass fibre-reinforced composite (FRC). Polymer pre-impregnated FRC reinforcement was further impregnated with dimethacrylate monomer resin. The light polymerized FRC substrate was ground and dimethacrylate intermediate resin was applied on the surface before the light-curing veneering composite. Adhesional behaviour of veneering composite to the initially light polymerized FRC substrate was compared with well-polymerized FRC substrate. The treatment time of FRC substrate by the intermediate resin for 5 s and 5 min were also compared. Shear bond strength of veneering composite to FRC was determined for dry and thermocycled specimens (n = 6). The analysis of variance (anova) revealed significant differences (P = 0.042) between the shear bond strengths when 5 s and 5 min intermediate resin treatment times were compared. The highest shear bond strength (21.0 MPa) for FRC substrates was achieved when the well-polymerized FRC substrate was treated for 5 min with the intermediate resin and stored dry before tests. Thermocycling reduced the shear bond strengths. The results of this study suggest that applying the intermediate resin increased the shear bond strength values of veneering composite to FRC with multiphase polymer matrix. It was also concluded, that the use of multiphase polymer matrix FRC can be polymerized to high degree of conversion without deferiorating the shear bond strength of veneering composite to the FRC.     

Bond strength of five current adhesives to caries-affected dentin

Five current dentin adhesives were evaluated for their ability to bond to caries-affected dentin. The materials were: total etch [Solid Bond (SB)], two self-etch [Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Etch and Prime (EP)], two one bottle [Prime and Bond 2.1 (PB), One Coat Bond (OCB)]. Sixty extracted molar teeth with proximal caries (mesial or distal) extending into mid-dentin were used. By grinding normal and caries-affected proximal surfaces, flat dentin surfaces were obtained. The surfaces were then bonded with each adhesive system and composite resins were added to the surfaces by packing the material into a cylindrical-shaped plastic matrix with an internal diameter of 2.5 mm and height of 3 mm. Shear bond testing was performed following 10 days incubation of specimens in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Results were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U multiple comparison test and Wilcoxon rank tests. The results obtained with CSE, SB, and EP were similar in caries affected and normal dentin (P > 0.05). But bonds made to normal dentin with OCB and PB were lower (P < 0.05) than bonds to caries-affected dentin. Bonding to caries-affected dentin with CSE (24.49 +/- 5.38), SB (21.49 +/- 9.15), and EP (21.19 +/- 9.17) showed shear bond strengths higher than OCB (17.43 +/- 9.78) and PB (14.10 +/- 7.94) (P < 0.05). Bonding to normal dentin with CSE (29.91 +/- 8.95) was the highest (P < 0.05). SB (21.17 +/- 5.41) and EP (17.45 +/- 6.21) showed shear bond strengths higher than OCB (11.99 +/- 10.15) and PB (10.57 +/- 4.56) (P < 0.05).     

三种丙烯酸树脂牙和丙烯酸牙托粉的结合强度实验研究

为了探求人造牙从基托上脱落下来的原因,本文作者对三种丙烯酸树脂牙和三种丙烯酸牙托粉的拉伸结合强度和剪切结合强度进行了测试,结果表明,材料和不同品牌材料的匹配都会影响人造牙与基托的结合强度;塑料牙盖嵴面打磨粗糙后,可显著增强塑料牙与基托树脂的结合强度。     

Bond strength versus dentine structure: A modelling approach

Bond strengths of a hypothetical hydrophilic dentine-bonding agent were calculated as a function of dentine depth and resin strength to evaluate the importance of several variables in a simple model. The tested hypothesis was that the total bond strength was the sum of the strengths of resin tags, hybrid layer and surface adhesion. Each of these three variables has a range of values that can influence its relative contribution. The resulting calculations indicate the potential for higher bond strengths to deep dentine than to superficial dentine in non-vital dentine and the importance of resin strength in the development of strong bonds. Comparison of the calculated bonds with published values indicated that they were within the same order of magnitude. Such theoretical modelling of dentine bonding can identify the relative importance of variables involved in the substrate, resins and surface adhesion.     

比较火焰喷灼和水汽清洁崩瓷界面对于修补树脂粘接强度的影响

目的:比较一种新的火焰喷灼清洁崩瓷表面方式与常规水汽清洁方式对于修补树脂/瓷界面粘接强度的影响.方法:制作30个贵、贱金属和金瓷试样,试样表面经过喷砂,氢氟酸酸蚀刻粗化处理.按照瓷修补套装使用说明,在金属和瓷表面涂布,固化瓷修补树脂,并控制树脂厚度为 1.0 mm.试样采用微拉伸试验,记录断裂时最大负荷值,并在20倍体式显微镜下观察断裂面,评价断裂发生的情况.结果:配对 T 检验显示,两种清洁方式对于树脂/瓷和树脂/镍铬合金粘接强度存在显著性差异(P<0.05).使用火焰喷灼清洁能够显著提高修复树脂的粘接强度.对于金合金组,两种清洁方式之间粘接强度不存在统计学差异.两因素方差分析显示粘接界面的组成及其界面清洁方式对于粘接强度都存在显著性影响(P<0.01),两者之间存在交互作用.结论:火焰喷灼清洁方法能够有效提高瓷修复树脂的粘接强度.     

Bond Strength of Composite to Alloy Treated With Bonding Systems

Purpose The in-vitro bond strengths of a composite bonded to a nickel-chromium-beryllium alloy treated by eight bonding systems were measured after three storage conditions. Materials and Methods Nickel-chromium-beryllium alloy samples were treated by eight commercial bonding systems including adhesive composite cements, all-purpose bonding agents, and silica-coating systems. A composite was bonded to the alloy samples. Sample groups were stored in water for 24 hours at 23°C, or thermocycled, or stored for 6 months at 23°C and then debonded in tension. Results Bond strengths after 24 hours storage were: adhesive composite cements, 14.2 to 22.1 MPa; all-purpose bonding agents, 11.4 to 14.6 MPa; and silica-coating systems, 18.6 to 20.2 MPa. Bond strengths after thermocycling were: adhesive composite cements, 12.6 to 20.6 MPa; all-purpose bonding agents, 9.9 to 17.7 MPa; and silica-coating systems, 11.1 to 19.2 MPa. Bond strengths after 6 months were: adhesive composite cements, 12.0 to 13.1 MPa; all-purpose bonding agents, 8.7 to 14.1 MPa; and silica-coating systems, 14.8 to 18.4 MPa. Conclusions Only two bonding systems showed decreased bond strength after thermocycling, as compared with 24 hours' storage; whereas four bond systems showed decreased bond strength after 6 months' storage. Bond strengths measured after thermocycling were not predictive of those measured after 6 months' storage.     

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目前,随着正畸矫治技术的进步,社会经济水平和人民素质的普遍提高,要求正畸治疗的人数日益增多,正畸已日趋普遍,不仅儿童,成人正畸也有一定比例。但由于前牙外伤、氟斑牙、四环素牙、牙釉质发育不全等多种原因,部分患者在接受正畸治疗前口腔中已存在复合树脂修复体。因此,正畸托槽与复合树脂修复体的直接黏结成为临床医师普遍关注的问题。本文就影响二者黏结强度的各种因素：树脂表面处理方式、黏结剂种类和托槽底板结构等进行综述,为临床应用提供参考。     

Improvement of the orthodontic bracket bond strength with pre-heated composite restoratives

Abstract

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-heated composite restoratives on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Methods. The following materials were tested: a microhybrid composite restorative (Filtek Z250), two nanofilled composite restoratives (Filtek Z350 and NT Premium), a nanohybrid composite restorative (Brilliant) and a conventional orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT). All materials were stored for 1 h in the incubator either at 25°C (room temperature simulation) or 60°C before bonding 100 orthodontic brackets on bovine lower incisors (n = 10). One Coat Bond SL and Transbond XT were used to bond the composite restoratives and the Transbond XT adhesive paste, respectively. After storage in distilled water for 24 h, the brackets were subjected to SBS test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until bracket debonding. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was assigned to the fractured specimens. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare ARI scores between the groups (p < 0.05). Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the materials at room temperature. Samples bonded with pre-heated materials showed a statistically higher SBS than those bonded with room temperature materials. Samples bonded with the pre-heated orthodontic adhesive showed the highest SBS among all the pre-heated materials. All preheated composite restoratives produced an SBS mean higher than that of Transbond XT stored at room temperature. Conclusion. The use of pre-heated composite restoratives and orthodontic adhesives might be an alternative approach to bond orthodontic brackets.     

Bonding of Composite Resin to Contaminated Human Enamel and Dentin

Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strengths of a bonding agent and composite resin system to human enamel and dentin treated with five contaminants (saliva, plasma, zinc oxide–eugenol cement, noneugenol zinc oxide cement, and handpiece lubricant) using air, moisture, and water as controls. Materials and Methods A commercial bonding agent (Gluma 2000; Bayer AG, Dormagen, Germany) and its composite (Pekafill; Bayer AG) were applied to tooth structure under two conditions (contaminated and re-etched). Samples were debonded in tension after 24 hours using an inverted, truncated cone bond test. Results Among the controls, the highest bond strengths were obtained to enamel (20 MPa) and dentin (12 MPa) with air drying. Contaminants lowered the bond strength by 20% to 100%. Re-etching without additional mechanical preparation resulted in bond strengths similar to the air control. Conclusions Bond strength of Gluma 2000/Pekafill to tooth structure is sensitive to common forms of contamination but can be improved by re-etching after contamination occurs.     

两种不同固化处理的复合树脂黏接微拉伸强度测试研究

目的　对不同固化处理的复合树脂黏接微拉伸强度进行测试。方法　新鲜拔除的完好无龋、人下颌第三磨牙15颗,随机分成3组,用Isomet低速切割机流水冲洗下磨去咬合面釉质,暴露牙本质,用Renew树脂直接充填、Renew树脂间接修复、Tescera树脂间接修复制作树脂“冠”并黏接在牙本质面上,贮存于室温水中2 4h ,测试微拉伸强度。结果　Renew树脂直接充填组(33.38±6 .2 4 )MPa的微拉伸强度高于Renew间接修复组(2 0 .0 6±4 .96 )MPa和Tescera间接修复组(2 0 .87±4 .6 2 )MPa ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ,后两者之间差异无显著性。结论　树脂直接充填的微拉伸强度要高于树脂间接修复。     

钛铸件与三种钛瓷粉结合强度的对比研究

目的 :观察钛铸件与VitaTitankeramik、TiBond和NoritakeTi2 2三种钛专用瓷粉的结合强度 ,分析钛/瓷结合强度的影响因素。方法 :根据ISO 9693标准 ,运用三点弯曲方法对钛 /瓷和Ni -Cr/瓷的结合强度进行测试 ,并对钛 /瓷结合界面进行SEM /EDS观察与分析。结果 :钛 /TiBond结合强度 ( 3 0 .96± 3 .0 6)MPa、钛 /VitaTi tankeramik结合强度 ( 3 5 .18± 3 .0 6)MPa ,钛 /NoritakeTi2 2结合强度 ( 3 8.5 4± 3 .0 6)MPa ,均大于ISO所要求的基本值 2 5MPa ,但仍明显小于Ni-Cr/瓷的结合强度 ( 4 8.3 5± 3 .0 6)MPa(P <0 .0 1)。钛 /VitaTitankeramik界面存在大量的孔隙 ,瓷对钛的浸润性较差。钛 /NoritakeTi2 2界面瓷与钛基体相互交错 ,结合紧密。结论 :钛 /瓷结合强度可满足临床需要 ,但仍需进一步改善     

酸蚀处理对新型自粘接树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting粘接性能影响的研究

目的：评价酸蚀处理对自粘结树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting与牙釉质和牙本质粘结强度的影响。方法：选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备近、远中牙釉质粘结面和颊侧牙本质粘结面,随机分为3组（n=12）,分别选用Clearfil SA Luting（SAC）、磷酸酸蚀配合Clearfil SA Luting进行粘结,测试两种处理方式对SAC与牙釉质、牙本质粘结强度的影响,同时与对照组Panavia F（PF）的粘接结果进行对照,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果：牙釉质粘结强度测试结果显示,磷酸酸蚀配合SAC组（39.64±6.24）MPa显著高于未酸蚀组SAC（27.25±7.03）MPa组与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa（P〈0.05）,但SAC未酸蚀组（27.25±7.03）MPa与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。牙本质粘结强度测试结果显示,SAC未酸蚀组（10.09±3.26）MPa与PF对照组（14.23±6.39）MPa之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但均显著高于SAC配合磷酸酸蚀组（1.13±1.12）MPa（P〈0.05）。结论：酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀SAC与牙釉质粘结强度,但却降低了其与牙本质粘结效果。     

酸蚀涂布压力对牙釉质粘接强度影响的研究

本文采用不同的酸蚀涂布压力处理牙釉质面,通过SEM作结构观察并作TBS测试,结果表明施加轻压力时牙釉质表面结构完整,测试的粘接强度高,而施加重压力时破坏了牙釉质表面结构,粘接强度下降.以上结果为提高临床粘接效果提供了重要数据.     

脉冲Nd:YAG激光影响复合树脂修补烤瓷粘接强度实验研究

目的：评价激光进行瓷面处理对复合树脂修补烤瓷的粘接效果。方法：分别用８％氢氟酸及３组能量参数的脉冲Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光（１５Ｈｚ、４０ｍＪ、０．６Ｗ;１５Ｈｚ、６０ｍＪ、０．９Ｗ;１５Ｈｚ、８０ｍＪ、１．２Ｗ）对烤瓷牙粘接表面进行照射,照射时间均为１ｍｉｎ,涂硅烷液及活化剂后,粘接复合树脂。应用电子万能试验机测试复合树脂－烤瓷的抗剪切粘接强度。采用扫描电镜观察瓷处理面的形貌特征。结果：激光０．６Ｗ组、０．９Ｗ组、１．２Ｗ组及酸蚀组的抗剪切粘接强度分别为８．６１、１４．０７、１１．２２及１３．４７ＭＰａ,激光０．６Ｗ组明显低于酸蚀组,两者具有统计学差异,而０．９Ｗ组及１．２Ｗ组与酸蚀组则无显著性差异。扫描电镜显示经激光处理的瓷面粗糙不平,呈浅凹状及火山口状结构。结论：在适当能量参数下,脉冲Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光可代替酸蚀进     

个性化舌侧托槽粘结强度的研究

目的比较个性化舌侧托槽与成品舌侧托槽的粘结效果及三种粘结剂的粘结效果。方法将48颗离体牙随机分为4组。组1、2、3分别用UniteTM、Maximum Cure、Blugloo粘结个性化舌侧托槽,组4用UniteTM粘结成品舌侧托槽。检测抗剪切力并计算抗剪切强度。结果组1的抗剪切强度（16．62±6．34）MPa显著大于组2（8．56±3．38）MPa和组4（9．73±2．79）MPa（P〈0．01）,大于组3（11．32±7．15）MPa（P＜0．05）。结论个性化舌侧托槽的抗剪切强度高于成品舌侧托槽,UniteTM粘结剂的粘结效果较好。     

三种复合树脂与玻璃纤维桩的微拉伸强度研究

目的：3种复合树脂材料与玻璃纤维桩微拉伸粘结强度的对比研究。方法：45个Parapost玻璃纤维桩随机分为3组,分别用3种不同的复合树脂：可乐丽菲露AP-X^TM、Ceram—X、ParaCore双重固化复合树脂桩核材料粘固制成桩核样本,制备好的样本切割成截面为1．0mm×1．0mm的条状试件用于微拉伸强度测试。结果：ParaCore与Ceram—X的微拉伸粘结强度显著高于AP-X^TM（P〈0．05）,ParaCore和Ceram—X与纤维桩的微拉伸粘结强度没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：ParaCore与Ceram-X与玻璃纤维桩的粘结性能较好,适于临床塑核使用。