Paediatric haematohidrosis: an overview of a rare but clinically distinct condition

Haematohidrosis is a rare and dramatic condition in which bleeding occurs spontaneously from intact skin. We report the case of a nine‐year‐old boy with a typical clinical presentation. The case highlights how challenging it can be for medical professionals to recognise and evaluate rare conditions. A review of the literature was performed, showing that haematohidrosis is mainly a paediatric condition. Our case together with findings from the review indicates that treatment with Beta blockers may be effective for treatment of haematohidrosis in children. Conclusion: Paediatric haematohidrosis is a rare, but clinically distinct condition. Treatment with Beta blockers may be tested.     

Anterior urethral valves and diverticulum

Anterior urethral valves with associated urethral diverticulum is a rare but important cause of infravesical obstructive uropathy in children. This condition can be a cause of significant morbidity and can even lead to end-stage renal disease. This rare condition should be included in the differential diagnosis while evaluating male infants with infravesical obstructive uropathy.     

Peliosis hepatis causing inferior vena cava compression in a 3-year-old child

Peliosis hepatis is a rare benign condition characterized by oval or irregular, multiple blood-filled spaces within the liver parenchyma. It is most commonly seen in adults and may be idiopathic, but has various associations including malignancy, infection and drugs. The imaging findings are often non-specific and the condition may be mistaken for multiple abscesses, metastases or vascular malformations. Peliosis hepatis is an especially rare condition in children and to our knowledge only six cases have been described in the literature. Our case describes and illustrates peliosis in a 3-year-old girl and is the first described in any age group to cause complete IVC obstruction. The patient subsequently made a full recovery.     

Agenesis of the skull bones

 Agenesis of the cranial bones, a rare condition usually incompatible with life, was seen in a neonate. Embryogenesis and management of the condition are discussed. The defect heals with conservative treatment. Accepted: 9 May 2000     

Myelofibrosis and vitamin D deficient rickets--a rare association

Myelofibrosis is a rare hematological condition in infancy. We report a case of a 6-month-old infant who was diagnosed to have myelofibrosis due to Vitamin D deficient rickets. This rare association of myelofibrosis and rickets is discussed here with a review of relevant literature.     

Unusual Complication of Toxic Megacolon in Typhoid Colitis

Colitis is a rare manifestation of enteric fever in children. Toxic megacolon complicating typhoid colitis is even rarer and requires early recognition and aggressive management due to the high mortality associated with this condition. The authors report a rare case of Toxic megacolon secondary to typhoid colitis in a seven-year-old girl.     

Transitional cell carcinoma in the paediatric population: be aware of unusual aetiologies

This is a case report of a 12 year old girl who presented with a rare condition in paediatrics, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. It is important because it is readily treated by endoscopic means if diagnosed early. Potential aetiologies for this unusual condition are explored.     

Neonatal parotitis

Neonatal parotitis is a rare condition. Infection of the parotid glad is more common than that of the submandibular glad. Dehydration is the most important predisposing factor for this. Most common organism responsible for this condition is Staphylococcus aureus. Untreated condition can lead to various complications.     

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition, with the literature suggesting a bleak prognosis. We describe a case of bilateral CDH that, despite confirming the challenges of diagnosis, demonstrates that the condition can have a favourable outcome.     

Evans syndrome after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma

There have been a number of recent reports on the occurrence of autoimmune conditions after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We describe a rare case of Evans syndrome (ES) that developed in a 16‐year‐old patient >1 year after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma. ES is a rare and frequently refractory condition. No therapy for the condition has been established, and it can often be fatal. In the present case, i.v. cyclosporine A injection was significantly effective against the ES, which has not recurred.     

A Case of Multiple Pterygium Syndrome Associated with Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Syndrome

Multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) is a rare condition characterized by pterygia of the neck, finger, antecubital, popliteal, and intercrural areas. The present case study describes a male patient afflicted with this condition. This case has two unique features 1) the patient exhibited both mental and physical retardation at 2 years of age, a rare symptom of this disorder, and 2) the patient also had chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome (CIIPS). Although the pathogenesis of both MPS and CIIPS is unclear, some features of the present case suggest a possible pathogenic mechanism.     

Infected cardiac myxoma

Infected cardiac myxoma is a rare condition with variable presentation. We report a case of infected cardiac myxoma which presented as fever of unknown origin. Diagnostic considerations and treatment of this condition are discussed.     

Neonatal intestinal obstruction from solitary intestinal fibromatosis

 Solitary intestinal fibromatosis (SIF) is a very rare condition, with only 13 cases reported. We present a new case of SIF causing neonatal intestinal obstruction and review the literature on this condition. SIF appears to be a condition of infancy and carries a very good prognosis after segmental resection. Accepted: 20 March 2000     

Ureteral triplication with a ureterocele

Ureteral triplication is a rare anomaly of the upper urinary tract. The occurrence of complete ureteral triplication with an associated ureterocele has only been reported once before. A case of this extremely rare association is described, and the embryology of this condition is discussed.     

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome complicated by osteosarcoma

We describe the radiological features of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, a rare condition of autosomal recessive inheritance, which is commonly associated with a generalised skeletal dysplasia. The condition has an increased incidence of malignancy, which occasionally manifests in the musculoskeletal system. Received: 3 February 1997 Accepted: 23 June 1997     

Massive ovarian edema causing early puberty

Massive ovarian edema is a rare tumor-like condition found predominantly in young women. Patients usually present with abdominal pain and/or abdominal mass. Pre-operative diagnosis is often difficult. Awareness of this rare and benign lesion in young women may allow conservative management and prevention of oophorectomy in some patients.     

Heterotopic neuroglial tissue in hard palate

Heterotopic neuroglial condition is a rare congenital anomaly in children. Most of the reported cases have been located in nose. To date, there was no recorded case of heterotopic neuroglial tissue in hard palate without any other congenital anomaly. The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of heterotopic neuroglial tissue in hard palate to add to literature we reviewed.     

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach

A case is reported of benign lymphoid hyperplasia in the stomach and proximal duodenum in a 12-year-old girl. This condition is characterized by an abundance of lymphoid follicles in the mucosa which produces the characteristic radiological and endoscopic appearance of mucosal nodularity. It is rare in the stomach and rare in children. The immunoglobulins were normal in our patient.     

Nasal hemophilic pseudotumor: Favorable response to radiotherapy

Hemophilic pseudotumors are rare but dangerous complications of Hemophilia. We hereby report a 3-year-old boy with Hemophilia B, presenting with nasal pseudotumor, showing favorable response to radiotherapy after unsuccessful treatment with factor IX replacement therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition is also reviewed.     

Gastric emphysema in a child with congenital duodenal diaphragm

The presence of gas in the wall of the stomach in a child is a rare condition and usually indicates necrotising enterocolitis. We report a case of gastric emphysema in a 20-day-old baby girl with duodenal obstruction due to a congenital duodenal diaphragm. This association is extremely rare and has been described only once in the literature. Received: 11 April 1997 Accepted: 23 April 1997