不同方法后装治疗宫颈癌152例远期放疗反应分析

目的：比较不同方法后装治疗宫颈部的远期放疗反应，探讨各种方法的合理应用。方法：三组后装治疗病人采取宫腔、阴道分上的方法，并配合外照射治疗。Ａ组Ｃ组参照曼彻斯特法参考点均取Ａ点，Ａ组宫腔阴道对Ａ点剂量贡献比为１：１，Ｃ组宫腔阴道对Ａ点剂量贡献比１．５～２．４：１，Ｂ组参照巴黎方法，参考点均取源轴中心外２ｃｍ外，宫腔阴道组织受量比为１：１。结果：三组疗效基本相近，差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）。远期放疗     

中、晚期宫颈癌43例同步放疗、化疗的临床疗效观察

目的　探讨同步放疗、化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的疗效及毒副作用。方法　将病理确诊的Ⅱb期～Ⅳ期宫颈癌 43例作为研究组 (A组 ) ,DDP 5 0mg/m2 合并水化 ,第 1天 ;5 Fu 75 0mg/m2 ,静脉点滴 ,第 2～ 5天 ;4周重复 1次 ,共 2～ 4次。同时行根治性放疗 ,60 Co体外照射 ,总剂量为 45～ 5 0Gy ,腔内后装采用192 Ir后装机 ,A点 7Gy/周 ,总剂量为 3 5～ 42Gy。以同期收治、条件相同行单纯放疗的 40例宫颈癌患者为对照组 (B组 )。观察近期疗效、3年生存率及放疗、化疗并发症。结果　放疗 3个月后 2组有效率分别为 93 .0 % (A组 )和 72 .5 % (B组 ) ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。A组 3年生存率 (83 .7% )明显高于B组 (62 .5 % ) ,P <0 .0 5。A组局部复发率、远处转移率明显低于B组。同步放疗、化疗组有较明显的骨髓抑制、消化道反应 ,但均能耐受。放疗远期并发症不增加。结论　同步放疗、化疗能明显提高中晚期宫颈癌患者的生存率 ,DDP 5 Fu的应用是安全可行的 ,但远期疗效需进一步观察     

组织间插植与阴道盒近距离放射治疗宫颈癌的疗效对比

目的　探讨组织间插植与阴道盒后装放射治疗宫颈癌的疗效。方法　 80例大体积 ,外生肿瘤直径≥ 4.0cm的宫颈癌应用高剂量率近距离放射治疗 ,以消除局部肿瘤和止血。其中 ,40例菜花型宫颈癌患者接受组织间插植放疗 ,将其分为A、B组。A组 ( 2 0例 ) :术前插植放疗 宫颈癌根治术 ;B组 ( 2 0例 ) :插植放疗 常规放疗。另 40例接受了阴道盒放疗的宫颈癌患者被分为C、D组。C组 ( 18例 ) :阴道盒放疗 宫颈癌根治术 ;D组 ( 2 2例 ) :阴道盒放疗 常规放疗。比较A、C组的消除肿瘤疗效和B、D组的止血效果。结果　A、C组的完全缓解率 (CR )各为 90 %、11% ,2组比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。B、D组的止血显效率各为 10 0 %、64 %。 2组比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　组织间插植放射治疗对消除宫颈巨大、外生型肿瘤及局部止血是有效的方法     

252Cf中子后装治疗宫颈癌直肠钡灌肠与插铅丝监测直肠前壁受量的差异

目的观察宫颈癌锎(252Cf)中子后装治疗过程中直肠钡灌肠与插铅丝两种方法监测直肠前壁受量时的差异,分析直肠前壁受量的高低与急性期放射性直肠炎发生率的关系.方法30例宫颈癌用直肠插铅丝和钡灌肠的办法监测直肠前壁受量(各15例),分别拍摄等中心正交片.A点剂量均给予10Gy,分别计算直肠前壁和膀胱后壁最大受量以及按ICRU38号报告设定的直肠剂量参考点(R)的剂量,量取直肠前壁和膀胱后壁最大剂量点与官腔管中心的距离.统计所有病例及其中直肠前壁受量＞4Gy病例的急性放射性直肠炎的发生率.结果钡灌肠组直肠前壁最大剂量点与宫腔管中心的平均距离明显低于插铅丝组,钡灌肠组直肠前壁最大剂量点受量则明显高于插铅丝组,ICRU直肠剂量参考点(R)的剂量明显高于钡灌肠组,但其剂量的高低与钡灌肠时直肠前壁最大剂量点受量的高低无明显关系.而膀胱后壁最大剂量点与宫腔管中心的平均距离及膀胱后壁最大剂量点受量,两组均无明显差别.直肠前壁受量＞4 Gy病例的急性放射性直肠炎的发生率明显高于其他病例.结论宫颈癌中子后装治疗时直肠钡灌肠比插铅丝更能准确显示宫颈、阴道与直肠前壁的解剖关系,更能准确反映直肠前壁的真正受量.根据钡灌肠时直肠前壁最大剂量点受量的高低可大致预测宫颈癌放疗期间急性放射性直肠炎的发生率,且直肠钡灌肠对乙状结肠变异可起诊断作用.     

不同后装方式治疗宫颈癌比较

宫颈癌的放疗效果肯定,但根治性放疗的具体操作方式不尽相同。1种方式为A点剂量由阴道源及宫腔源共同给予,另1种A点剂量全部由宫腔源给予,阴道源只给予肿瘤消除量[1] 。我院自2 0 0 1年1月至2 0 0 3年3月,对40例Ⅱb Ⅲb期宫颈癌患者随机分组,分别采用以上2种方法进行根治性放疗     

77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌术前放疗联合手术疗效分析

目的 分析77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌患者术前腔内放疗联合手术的疗效.方法 对2001-2007年收治的77例ⅠB2和ⅡA期(局部肿瘤>4 cm)宫颈癌患者先行术前阴道腔内后装放疗[阴道黏膜下0.5 cm(源旁1 cm)剂量20～30 Gy,10～12 Gy/次,1次/周],10～14 d后评价疗效并行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术.分析治疗并发症、术后临床病理学特征、生存及复发情况.结果 术前放疗后宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小,完全缓解4例,部分缓解28例.全组仪5例放疗后出现1、2级血液及胃肠道副反应.全组5年生存率为83%,盆腔复发率为12%.结论 术前阴道黏膜下0.5 cm腔内后装放疗20～30 Gy联合手术治疗ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌生存率较高且未增加术后并发症率,是该期别肿瘤的一种有效治疗模式.     

CT引导徒手腔内联合插植自适应后装与传统A点后装治疗宫颈癌剂量比较

目的 探讨CT引导徒手腔内联合插植实现影像引导自适应后装(IGABT)相较于传统A点二维后装(CP)剂量学优势,明确其在宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法 选取在中山大学肿瘤医院行全量放疗的宫颈癌患者 26例,每例患者行4次后装治疗。治疗时先徒手置入宫腔管及2根插植针,后增加插植针数量并调整方向、深度,分别行CT扫描获得2套图像。勾画高危临床靶区(HRCTV),A点和危及器官(直肠、膀胱及乙状结肠)。在2套图像上分别行CP和IGABT计划设计,并配对t检验、Wilcoxon检验两者剂量参数差异。结果 以CP计划的覆盖指数(CI)进行分组,A组(CI≥0.90)包含20个CP和对应IGABT计划,B组(CI<0.90)包含84个CP和对应IGABT计划。A组的HRCTV体积及肿瘤直径明显小于B组(46.7cm³∶62.1cm³,P<0.001及3.1cm∶4.4cm,P<0.0001)。IGABT显著提高所有及B组D90%及覆盖指数,降低膀胱剂量,减少A组乙状结肠剂量,并改善剂量适形度及均匀性。结论 IGABT能提高靶区覆盖、剂量适形度和均匀性,保护危及器官,且对肿瘤较大的患者仍有优势。     

中晚期宫颈癌三维适形放疗联合同步化疗的 临床观察

 目的评价三维适形放疗联合同步化疗在治疗中晚期宫颈癌中的临床疗效及不良反应。方法62例中晚期宫颈癌患者,随机分为外照射后三维适形放疗联合同步化疗组（A 组）和外照射结合后装联合同步化疗组（B 组）,盆腔大野照射（36～40）Gy/20次后, A组三维适形照射,总剂量达66～75Gy左右; B组中央铅挡盆腔照射宫旁补量,使外照射B点剂量达45～50Gy;后装治疗补充A点剂量30Gy左右(4～7Gy/次, 1～2次/周)。A、B组均同步GP（吉西他滨+顺铂）方案化疗,3周为一疗程,共2疗程。 结果A组32例,CR 24例,PR 7例,近期有效率96.88%;B组30例, CR 15例,PR 8例, 近期有效率76.67%,A组明显高于B组(P<0.05)。骨髓抑制以及直肠、膀胱晚期放疗损伤发生率A组明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论外照射后程三维适形放疗联合同步化疗,能提高中晚期宫颈癌的局部控制率,降低远期放疗损伤发生率。     

介入化疗和放疗在宫颈癌术前治疗中的作用

目的　通过对 15 7例ⅠB～ⅡB期宫颈癌术前放化疗患者进行分析 ,探讨术前不同治疗方法与手术疗效的关系。方法　分别对 76例及 81例ⅠB～ⅡB期患者行术前介入化疗及腔内放疗 ,化疗组术前采用选择性髂内动脉插管化疗 ,药物 :顺铂80～ 10 0mg、表阿霉素 70mg、5 氟脲嘧啶 1～ 1.2 5 g。放疗组术前采用192 Ir高剂量率腔内放疗 ,A点剂量 10 0 0～ 2 0 0 0cGy/2～4次共 1～ 2周 ,治疗后 2周左右行宫颈癌根治术。结果　术前介入化疗后肿瘤退缩率好于术前放疗者 ;术后病理高危因素发生率亦低于术前放疗者 ,但均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。在巨块型宫颈癌患者 (肿瘤直径≥ 4cm)中 ,化疗组及放疗组术后 2年复发率分别为 12 .5 %及 31.9% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而当宫颈肿瘤直径 <4cm时 ,放疗组及化疗组术后 2年复发率无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。术前治疗有效者及无效者术后 2年复发率分别为 13.6 %及 30 .3% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　巨块型宫颈癌患者术前行介入化疗者预后好于术前放疗者 ;术前治疗后肿瘤退缩情况与术后 2年复发率相关。     

宫颈癌三维适形补量放疗的临床观察

目的:探讨宫颈癌放疗中局部补量时三维适形与腔内后装两种放疗方法的疗效、不良反应。方法:对90例宫颈癌患者随机分成治疗组45例,对照组45例。治疗组行常规体外放疗+三维适形放疗,对照组行常规体外放疗+腔内后装放疗。两组均行体外照射,骨盆中平面剂量达40Gy。然后治疗组加用三维适形放疗补量,使90%等剂量曲线覆盖PTV,推量:25-35Gy,总剂量65-75Gy。对照组加用腔内后装放疗补量,后装补量A点剂量30-35Gy,总剂量70-75Gy。结果:治疗组与对照组总有效率(CR+PR)分别为77.8%(35/45)和80.0%(36/45),P>0.05。1、3、5年生存率治疗组与对照组分别为95.6%、88.9%、80.0%与95.6%、86.6%、77.8%。比较两组1、3年生存率无统计学差异(P>0.05),5年生存率有统计学差异P<0.05)。治疗组直肠近期、远期反应分别为22.2%、11.1%,对照组直肠近期、远期反应分别为75.6%、51.1%;治疗组膀胱近期、远期反应分别为20.0%、6.7%,对照组膀胱近期、远期反应分别为60.0%、35.6%。两组比较,治疗组宫颈癌的放射反应明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三维适形与腔内后装两种方法局部补量治疗宫颈癌近期疗效相近,5年生存率治疗组略高于对照组。但三维适形补量放疗操作简单易行,治疗精确,不良反应轻,并发症少,患者生活质量高,同时避免了繁杂的腔内照射操作,值得临床推广。     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.