金钗石斛及其提取物的红外光谱整体解析

[目的]采用红外光谱技术对金钗石斛原药材及两种提取物所含化学成分的红外谱图进行整体分析。[方法]采用傅里叶红外光谱法对金钗石斛原药材、水提醇沉提取物、无水乙醇提取物进行结构分析及鉴别。[结果]金钗石斛原药材一维红外光谱图反映出2 923 cm^-1、2 855 cm^-1、1 738 cm^-1、1 155 cm^-1、1 081 cm^-1、1 019 cm^-1等特征峰,推测金钗石斛中含有脂类、芳香类和淀粉类成分。原药材二阶导数谱分析进一步验证了以上结果,同时出现了1 318 cm^-1附近以及783 cm^-1附近的草酸钙吸收峰。金钗石斛水提醇沉提取物和无水乙醇提取物的红外谱图中均出现了脂类、芳香类和糖类的特征峰,且与原药材相比峰数、峰强都有改变。金钗石斛水提醇沉物一维和二阶导数谱中均出现了较强的淀粉特征峰,说明水提物中主要是水溶性多糖,且多糖主要以淀粉形式存在。而无水乙醇提取物谱图更清楚的出现了脂类和芳香类的相关特征峰,且峰数与峰形和油类标准品比对,重叠性高。[结论]金钗石斛中主要含有多糖类以及脂肪类物质,多糖主要是以淀粉存在,且金钗石斛中的脂肪类含量较高。不同的提取溶剂所出现的谱图存在很大的差异性,完美诠释了"相似相溶"原则。红外光谱适合于金钗石斛的快速鉴别及质量评价与控制。     

利用ATR-FTIR变化探讨薄荷醇对皮肤角质层结构的影响

目的 探讨薄荷醇对皮肤角质层结构影响的作用机制。方法 大鼠皮肤角质层样本和健康志愿者皮肤给予薄荷醇后,测定全衰减反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）在皮肤角质层的变化,以确定皮肤角质层结构是否改变。结果 在大鼠皮肤实验中,与对照组和溶剂组相比,氮酮组大鼠角质层中的CH₂对称振动（2 854 cm^?1）发生了相对位移,角蛋白NH-C=O振动I峰（1 659 cm^?1）及II峰（1 637 cm^?1）发生了位移,NH-C=O振动I峰发生了裂峰;薄荷醇组大鼠角质层中CH₂非对称振动（2 925 cm^?1）、CH₂对称振动（2 854 cm^?1）发生相对位移。在人体皮肤试验中,与对照区和溶剂区相比,氮酮组CH₂非对称振动（2 921.5 cm^?1）和CH₂对称振动（2 852.1 cm^?1）发生了3～4个波长位移;薄荷醇组CH₂非对称振动（2 922.7 cm^?1）和CH₂对称振动（2 853.8 cm^?1）发生了3～4个波长位移。结论 薄荷醇可能是通过改变角质层中脂质的构象,使角质层脂质双分子层的流动性增加、有序致密结构改变,降低皮肤屏障作用,从而使药物的透过性增加。     

天然与合成紫晶的光谱学特征及其呈色机理

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、紫外可见光光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱(RM)多种光谱学分析方法对天然与合成紫晶样品进行测试。XRF结果显示,天然与合成紫晶的成分均为w=99 % SiO₂,分别含有致色的Fe元素和其他微量金属杂质;红外光谱图显示天然紫晶在3 560~3 200 cm^-1区间内有一强宽吸收带,合成紫晶在3 600~3 000 cm^-1 区间内有2个较尖锐的水吸收峰,分别位于3 583 cm^-     

阳春砂杂交子代与母本的FTIR鉴别研究

目的 探索阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱鉴别方法。方法 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）测定阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱,分别应用导数光谱和傅里叶自解卷积对图谱进行转换处理,对比寻找杂交子代与母本的特征差异吸收。结果 阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱无明显差异,经四阶导数光谱变化后于1 051.014 cm^?1处出现明显的特征差异吸收峰,傅里叶自解卷积转化后于771.563 4和1 612.432 5 cm^?1处出现了具有明显特征独立的差异吸收峰。结论 阳春砂杂交子代与母本的FTIR经过导数光谱和傅里叶自解卷积转化后可出现明显的差异,能较好地鉴别二者。     

藏药甘松多糖S的研究

目的 对甘松多糖S（Nardostachys chinensis polysaccharide S,NCPS）的组成进行研究。方法 采用水提醇沉法提取甘松多糖粗品,并通过乙醇分级沉淀,Sevage法除蛋白,葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱纯化;UV和IR等方法考察多糖性质,凝胶渗透色谱-示差检测法测定多糖的纯度和相对分子质量范围及分布,HPLC法鉴定单糖组成及其物质的量比值。结果 得到一种淡黄色粉末NCPS。紫外光谱分析在195 nm波长处有明显吸收峰,在260、280 nm等处无吸收峰,表明被测物为多糖,且不含核酸及蛋白质;红外吸收光谱分析,在3 412.15、2 934.10、1 642.11、1 438.96、1 242.67、1 103.54、830.86、636.12 cm^?1等处均有明显的多糖的特征吸收;其重均相对分子质量为7 082;NCPS主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、果糖和葡萄糖组成,其物质的量的比值为0.69∶1.0∶3.92∶2.28。结论 NCPS为一种杂多糖,首次从甘松中分离得到。     

充填蓝宝石用SiO2-TiO2-RO-R'2O系列玻璃的性能

设计并熔制了作为蓝宝石充填材料用的SiO₂-TiO₂-RO-R''₂O（其中R代表二价碱金属离子Ba²⁺、Zn²⁺,R''代表一价碱金属离子Na⁺、K⁺）系列玻璃。通过对玻璃的物理性能（密度和折射率）、热稳定性（玻璃化转变温度和析晶温度）以及玻璃骨架结构的探讨,研究了混合碱效应对玻璃性能的影响。结果表明,该系列玻璃在n（Na⁺）：n（K⁺）=2：3时,其密度、折射率等物理性能符合蓝宝石充填要求,且热稳定性强,充填过程不容易发生析晶,可作为蓝宝石充填材料。     

哒嗪并吡咯二酮共轭聚合物半导体材料的合成及晶体管性能

采用Stille交叉偶联反应,合成了基于6-烷基吡咯[3,4-d]哒嗪-5,7-二酮（PPD）与吡咯并吡咯二酮（DPP）结构单元的受体-π-受体（A₁-π-A₂）型共轭聚合物（PPPD-DPP）。采用热重分析仪、紫外分光光度计、电化学工作站等表征了聚合物PPPD-DPP的性能,系统地研究了聚合物的热性能、光物理性能、电化学性能及晶体管性能。结果表明：聚合物PPPD-DPP具有良好的热稳定性,热分解温度达到376℃;薄膜的最大吸收峰位于702 nm,光学能带隙为1.27 eV;有较低的最高占据分子轨道能级（HOMO,-5.23 eV）。基于PPPD-DPP的有机薄膜晶体管（OTFTs）器件在真空中显示出双极性传输特性,最高电子和空穴迁移率分别为0.030 cm²/（V·s）和0.054 cm²/（V·s）,在空气中PPPD-DPP器件则表现出明显的p型传输特性,空穴迁移率提升至0.121 cm²/（V·s）。     

一种祖母绿充填用无铅低熔点氟磷酸盐玻璃的性能研究

设计并制备了一种可替代有机充填材料填补祖母绿裂隙的xNaF-7LiF-9BaF₂-7CaF₂-7B₂O₃-（70-x）P₂O₅（x分别为50、45、40、35、30）氟磷酸盐系列玻璃。探讨P₂O₅与NaF物质的量的相对变化对玻璃折射率、密度、转变温度、软化温度、化学稳定性的规律性影响,结果表明本系列玻璃耐酸耐碱性能优异,当x=30时,玻璃具有最低软化温度353℃,折射率、密度均符合祖母绿充填要求,该无铅低熔点玻璃可作为祖母绿充填处理材质。     

金钗石斛干鲜品的质量比较研究

[目的] 对金钗石斛干鲜品的化学成分及抗氧化活性进行比较研究,了解两者的差别,为金钗石斛干鲜品的区别应用提供依据。[方法] 采用气相色谱法和紫外-可见分光光度法进行成分含量测定比较。采用比色法及试剂盒测定干鲜品对羟自由基的清除作用及抗氧化能力。利用傅利叶变换红外光谱法对干鲜品粉末样品的全息化学特征谱进行比较。[结果] 金钗石斛鲜品的总生物碱和多糖含量及其对羟自由基的清除率和抗氧化能力均显著高于干品。金钗石斛干品与鲜品的红外谱图相似,在1 630 cm^-1、1 506 cm^-1、1 243 cm^-1处,贵州赤水的官渡、长期与红花3个基地的金钗石斛鲜品峰强均大于干品,各个产地金钗石斛鲜品的图谱与多糖对照品图谱的相关系数均大于干品。[结论] 金钗石斛干品与鲜品在化学成分及抗氧化活性方面存在着一定的差异。     

氮离子注入表面改性PBO薄膜及其性能

利用70 keV能量的氮离子对聚苯并二噁唑(PBO)薄膜进行常温下离子注入表面改性,注入剂量(每平方厘米注入的氮离子数)从1×10¹⁵ N⁺/cm²到5×10¹⁶N⁺/cm²。采用红外(FT-IR)、拉曼(Raman)、光电子能谱(XPS)及原子力显微镜(AFM)对其表面结构、组成及形貌进行了表征。研究了氮离子注入剂量对PBO薄膜表面结构与性能的影响。结果表明:注入氮离子后,薄膜表面发生化学键的断裂和交联,近表面区域发生碳化。随氮离子注入剂量的增加,表面粗糙度增加,表面接触角从93°降低到60°,表面润湿性提高了35%,电导率提高到5.7×10^-9 S/cm,比纯PBO薄膜增加了3个数量级。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.