大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元的衰老性变化——光,电镜定量研究

目的：为了研究中药的抗衰老作用，为弓状核提供形态学资料；方法：采用光、电镜技术和形态计量方法对20只SD老年大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元进行了形态定量研究。结果：①弓状核由亮、暗神经元胞体，胶质细胞胞体，血管和神经毡组成；②老年大鼠弓状核神经元胞体的面积分数、面数密度和胞体、胞核的等效直径未见明显改变（P＞0．05）；③老年大鼠弓状核亮细胞内细胞器和分泌颗粒的面积分数和面数密度未见改变（P＞0．05），而暗细胞内线粒体、溶酶体的面积分数和面数密度均增加（P＜0．05），粗面内质网、高尔基复合体、游离核糖体和分泌颗粒的面积分数和面数密度明显减少（P＜0．05）。结论：①老年大鼠弓状核内亮、暗细胞的形态定量改变不一致，呈现不同的反应；②衰老引起神经内分泌功能紊乱可能与弓状核的衰老变化直接相关。     

大鼠弓状核神经元的昼夜节律变化：光,电间定量研究

探讨弓状核的昼夜节律变化。方法：采用光，电镜技术和体视学方法对４０只ＳＤ大弓状核神经元的昼夜节律变化进行了形态定量研究。结果（１）四组大鼠弓状核神经元的面积分类，和密度和神经元胞体胞核的等效直径未见明显改变。     

大鼠弓状核神经元的昼夜节律变化──光、电镜定量研究

目的：探讨弓状核的昼夜节律变化。方法：采用光、电镜技术和体视学方法对40只SD大鼠弓状核神经元的昼夜节律变化进行了形态定量研究。结果：①四组大鼠弓状核神经元的面积分数、面数密度和神经元胞体、胞核的等效直径未见明显改变（P＞0．05）;②从Ⅰ组至Ⅲ组,亮、暗细胞内细胞器逐渐增加,从Ⅲ组到Ⅳ组逐渐下降。③在Ⅲ组,弓状核内亮、暗细胞的粗面内质网、高尔基复合体、游离核糖体和分泌颗粒的面积分数和面数密度显著增高（P＜0．05）。结论：提示大鼠弓状核神经元细胞器发生昼夜节律变化,这种变化可能与视交叉上核的节律变化有关。     

癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元损伤性改变─—光、电镜定量研究

目的：在癫痫动物模型上,探讨癫痫脑损伤性改变。方法：20只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和癫痫组,采用光、电镜技术和形态定量方法观察马桑内酯所致急性局灶型癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元损伤性改变。结果：两组间神经元胞体的面积分数和面数密度,神经元胞体和胞核的等效直径无显著差异（P＞0.05）,癫痫组暗细胞内线粒体体积分数减少（P＜0．05）、粗面内质网则增加（P＜0．05）,两者的面数密度无显著性改变（P＞0．05）,溶酶体的体积分数及面数密度均增加P＜0．05）。亮细胞各细胞器及分泌颗粒未见明显改变（P＞0．05）。结论：以上结果提示癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元超微结构的改变,亮、暗细胞反应不同;癫痫引起神经内分泌功能的紊乱,可能与弓状核神经元损伤有关。     

人参皂甙、槲皮素对急性癫痫大鼠弓状核损伤的保护作用—光、电镜定量研究

目的 :探讨人参皂甙 (SPG)、槲皮素 (QU)对急性癫痫大鼠弓状核损伤的保护作用。方法 :5 0只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、癫痫组和治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ组 ,采用光、电镜技术和形态计量方法对弓状核神经元进行形态定量研究。结果 :①五组间神经元胞体和胞核的等效直径无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②癫痫组暗细胞内线粒体的体积分数明显减少和粗面内质网的体积分数明显增加 (P <0 0 5 )、两者的面数密度无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,溶酶体的体积分数和面数密度增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ;③治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ组和对照组之间暗细胞各细胞器的体积分和面数密度无显著性差异(P >0 0 5 ) ,治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ组间暗细胞细胞器与分泌颗粒无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :SPG、QU对癫痫脑损伤具有保护作用 ,且联合时作用更明显。     

新生大鼠注入谷氨酸一钠对垂体-肾上腺皮质系统的影响

许多资料说明下丘脑弓状核区是神经调节垂体功能的最后通路。现已证明下丘脑弓状核是β-内啡呔神经元胞体集中的部位,对痛觉起着一定的调节作用。此外,在弓状核中还具有促性腺激素释放激素(LHRH)神经元,甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH神经元、释放各种释放激素,分别控制垂体     

褪黑素对急性癫痫大鼠弓状核神经肽Y变化的影响

目的：探讨神经肽Y（NPY）在急性癫痫的变化和褪黑素（MLT）对其影响。方法：30只大鼠随机分为对照组（C）、癫痫组（E）和治疗组（T）,采用免疫组织化学（ABC法）和图像分析技术对急性癫痫大鼠弓状核进行定量研究。结果：①三组间NPY阳性反应区的面积和NPY阳性反应神经元胞体的直径无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。②E组和C组间NPY阳性反应神经元的面数密度明显增加,灰度明显下降（P＜0．05）。③T组与E组和C组间NPY阳性反应神经元的面数密度明显增加,灰度明显下降（P＜0．05）。结论：①急性癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元NPY增加。②MLT的作用可能与刺激神经元合成NPY有关。     

癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元损伤性改变：光,电镜定量研究

目的：在癫痫动物模型上,探讨癫痫脑损伤性改变。方法：２０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为对照组和癫痫组,采用光、电镜技术和形态定量方法观察马桑内酯所致急性局灶型癫痫大鼠纠状核神经元损伤性改变。结果：两组间神经元胞体的面积分数和面数密度,神经元胞体和胞核的等效直径无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,癫痫组暗细胞内线粒体体积分数减少（Ｐ〈０．０５）、粗面内质网则增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）,两者的面数密度无显著性改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）,癫痫组暗细胞内线粒体体积分数减少（Ｐ〈０．０５）、粗面内质网则增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）,两者的面数密度无显著性改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）,溶酶体的体积分数及面数密度均增加Ｐ〈０．０５）。亮细胞各细胞器及分泌颗粒未见明显改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：以上结果提示癫痫大鼠弓状核神经元超微结构的改变,亮、暗细胞反应不同;癫痫引起神经     

下丘脑弓状核在唇针镇痛中的作用(摘要)

下丘脑弓状核与脑内有关疼痛和镇痛的结构有着复杂的纤维联系,并与垂体内分泌机能密切相关,脑内β—脂肪激素/β—内啡肽/ACTH神经元系统的胞体亦主要集中于弓状核,这些提示弓状核也有可能参与痛     

一氧化氮合酶神经元在大鼠下丘脑中的分布观察

目的：观察大鼠下丘脑各核团内一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的形态及分布特征。方法：用黄递酶组织化学染色方法观测NOS神经元在大鼠下丘脑各核团中的分布。结果：视上核、室旁核内密集的NOS阳性神经元为大细胞型神经分泌神经元;其他核团内的阳性神经元主要为小细胞型神经分泌神经元,其中弓状核最密集,视前内侧核、Broca斜带核水平支次之,视前室周核、视前腹前核和视前外侧区内的密度最低。第三脑室室管膜上皮下见一些NOS阳性“触液神经元”,其胞体或突起伸向室管膜上皮,甚至嵌入其中。在弓状核、视前内侧束内有密集的NOS阳性神经纤维。结论：下丘脑各核团内NOS神经元的分布有差异。NO在下丘脑神经内分泌调节系统中起重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.