卡托普利对肾血管性高血压大鼠TXA2／PGI2及血小板[Ca^2＋]i的影响

目的观察肾性高血压大鼠血浆ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２及血小板内钙的变化。方法Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠手术组３０只，假手术组１０只，比较两组测定指标。结果二肾一夹型肾血管性高血压大鼠血浆ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５），血小板内「Ｃａ＾２＋」显著减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论卡托普利对血小板内「Ｃａ＾２＋」ｉ的影响可能与其改善ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２比值有关。     

卡托普利注射液对高血压急症的降压作用

目的：观察卡托普利注射液治疗高血压急症的急诊降压作用。方法：对34例高血压急症给予卡托普利注射液25mg加入5％葡萄糖20ml静注，观察注射后5、15、30、60和120min血压、心率、临床表现和不良反应。结果：用药后5minSBP和DBP即下降（P＜0．05），但以15、30、60、120min下降最明显（P＜0．01），心率略有下降（P＞0．05），总有效率91．2％。结论：卡托普利注射液降压效果明显，其急诊降压作用优于口服给药，且无明显副作用，特别适合老年人或长期高血压已产生耐受的患者，也适用于伴有急性左心衰竭或急性主动脉夹层分离的高血压急症。     

哇巴因抗体对肾血管性高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的：探讨哇巴因抗体的降压作用及内源性哇巴因与高血压发病的关系。方法：给”一肾一夹（１Ｋ１Ｃ）“”两肾一夹＋盐（２Ｋ１Ｃ－ｓａｌｔ）”肾血性高血压大鼠随机静注哇巴因抗体、硝普钠、正常兔免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ）及生理盐水,颈动脉插管观察注射生３小时内大鼠血压的动态变化。结果：哇巴因抗体对“一肾一夹”、“两肾一夹＋盐”型高血压大鼠具有明显的降压作用,而对“两肾一夹”高血压鼠降压作用不明显。正常免免疫球蛋白     

哇巴因抗体对肾血管性高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的:探讨哇巴因抗体的降压作用及内源性哇巴因与高血压发病的关系.方法:给"一肾一夹(1K1C)"、"两肾一夹+盐(2K1C-salt)"及"两肾一夹(2K1C)"肾血管性高血压大鼠随机静注哇巴因抗体、硝普钠、正常兔免疫球蛋白(IgG)及生理盐水,颈动脉插管观察注射后3 小时内大鼠血压的动态变化. 结果:哇巴因抗体对"一肾一夹"、"两肾一夹+盐"型高血压大鼠具有明显的降压作用,而对"两肾一夹"高血压鼠降压作用不明显.正常兔免疫球蛋白对各种高血压模型均无降压作用.结论:哇巴因抗体对"一肾一夹"、"两肾一夹+盐 "型高血压大鼠具有降压作用,间接证明了内源性哇巴因可能是高血压的发病因素之一.     

卡托普利对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

通过测定自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左、右心室胶原含量和浓度,观察了高血压情况下心肌间质的改变及卡托普利对其的影响。结果表明,14周龄SHR在血压升高,左室肥厚(LVH)同时,胶原含量亦增加;12周后,治疗组SHR血压显著降低,LVH消退。并且,左、右室胶原浓度分别较未治疗组下降26％及13％,接近正常对照组水平。提示伴随心肌重量增加,SIIR心肌间质亦有胶原纤维异常堆积;卡托普利具有抗纤维化作用,可能通过抑制肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统而实现。     

单剂量卡托普利对高血压患者血小板内游离钙的影响

目的研究血小板内游离钙离子浓度变化和高血压进程的关系以及口服单剂量卡托普利对高血压患者血小板内游离钙的影响。方法测定１０２例不同分期的原发性高血压患者静息血小板内游离钙浓度，其中５２例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的轻中度高血压病人口服卡托普利２５ｍｇ，测定给药前和给药１ｈ后血压（ＢＰ）、血浆肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）和血小板内游离钙离子浓度（Ｃａ２＋）。结果原发性高血压患者静息血小板内Ｃａ２＋明显高于正常血压对照组。静息血小板内Ｃａ２＋和高血压分期有明显的相关性。静息血小板内Ｃａ２＋随高血压分期的增高而升高；口服单剂量卡托普利１ｈ后ＢＰ、血浆ＡｎｇⅡ水平和血小板内Ｃａ２＋明显降低，而血浆ＰＲＡ则明显升高。血浆ＡｎｇⅡ和血小板内Ｃａ２＋下降值之间（ｒ＝０．３７，Ｐ＜０．０１）及二者与平均压下降值之间均有弱的相关性（ｒ＝０．３８，ｒ＝０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）。血浆ＡｎｇⅡ和静息血小板内Ｃａ２＋之间无相关性。结论原发性高血压患者血小板处于激活状态，并和高血压进程相关。口服单剂量卡托普利可导致血小板内Ｃａ２＋下降。     

依那普利与卡托普利对原发性高血压降压疗效的动态血压观察

对50例轻、中度高血压（EH）患者用依那普利（5mg，4／d）和卡托普利（2.5mg，2／d）口服做单盲平等两组对照研究。治疗4周结果两组总有效率相似（分别60.6％，65.2％，P＞0.05），无论SBP和DBP均值的下降均明显（P＜0.05～0.001）。但对每组各抽5例的24h动态血压监测治疗前后比较，依那普利组24h血压控制均较满意，而卡托普利组白天血压控制满意，但夜晚又翌晨血压与治疗前接近（P＜0.05）。如昼夜血压均高者，选用依那普利等长效制剂为佳，如夜间血压正常者，可用卡托普利治疗，唯晨剂应在睡醒后即服为宜。     

卡托普利对高血压病及高血压合并2型糖尿病降压效果比较

目的 观察卡托普利对单纯高血压症（EH）及合并2型糖尿病（简称DM）的降压效果。方法 对63例EH及112例EH合并DM患者用卡托普利治疗4周,其中56例EH合并DM加用二甲双胍治疗,用药前后观察血压及血糖、血脂、胰岛素敏感性（ISI）、血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素（E）及血尿酸等指标变化。结果 用卡托普利治疗后,EH组血压显著下降,ISI增加,血浆NE和E浓度降低。而EH合并DM组单用卡托普利者效果不明显,除血浆NE和E浓度下降外,其余指标无显著变化。但加用二甲双胍者降压效果与EH组相同,上述各指标均明显改善。结论 卡托普利对单纯EH患者疗效显著,但对EH合并DM者单用效果欠佳。当其与二甲双胍合用时,患者的高血糖和高胰岛素血症得到改善后才能真正发挥降压作用。     

早期卡托普利治疗对自发性高血压大鼠阻力血管内皮细胞的影响

用Ｆｏｌｋｏｗ后肢灌流模型来研究阻力血管内皮功能的变化，探讨ＥＤＲＦ／ＮＯ是否参与转换酶抑制剂卡托普利早期治疗ＳＨＲ大鼠防止其高血压的发展。     

卡托普利对高血压病及高血压合并2 型糖尿病降压效果比较

目的观察卡托普利对单纯高血压病(EH)及合并2型糖尿病(简称DM)的降压效果。方法对63例EH及112例EH合并DM患者用卡托普利治疗4周,其中56例EH合并DM加用二甲双胍治疗,用药前后观察血压及血糖、血脂、胰岛素敏感性（ISI）、血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素（E）及血尿酸等指标变化。结果用卡托普利治疗后,EH组血压显著下降,ISI增加,血浆NE和E浓度降低。而EH合并DM组单用卡托普利者效果不明显,除血浆NE和E浓度下降外,其余指标无显著变化。但加用二甲双胍者降压效果与EH组相同,上述各指标均明显改善。结论卡托普利对单纯EH患者疗效显著,但对EH合并DM者单用效果欠佳。当其与二甲双胍合用时,患者的高血糖和高胰岛素血症得到改善后才能真正发挥降压作用。     

Stimulation of Plasma Renin Activity by Captopril in Renovascular Hypertensive Conscious Dogs

The increase in plasma renin activity induced by captopril is used in the clinical evaluation of renovascular hypertensive patients. This increase in plasma renin activity could result from either the concomitant fall in systemic pressure or other effects of captopril, such as the removal of an angiotensin II inhibitory effect on renin release, the increased production of bradykinin or prostaglandins, etc. To examine the effect captopril has on plasma renin activity, independent of changes in systemic pressure, captopril (5, 10 and 50 μg/kg iv) was administered to conscious dogs before and following the development of 1 clip-2 kidney Goldblatt hypertension. Plasma renin activity, under normal conditions remained unchanged, while during hypertension It increased 2.0, 2.8 and 3.5 fold respectively in response to the three doses of captopril. These results suggest that the development of renovascular hypertension sensitized the kidney to release renin when challenged by captopril and that the effect is independent of changes in systemic pressure.     

卡托普利对高血压患者血液流变学的影响

对照观察60例高血压患者和24例正常人血液流变学。结果显示35例患者（58．3％）血液流变学异常，表现为全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数和红细胞压积增高、红细胞电泳时间延长；另25例患者（41．7％）血液流变学正常。卡托普利降压治疗后显效29例（48．3％），有效13例（21．6％），总有效率70％。卡托普利维持有效降压治疗113±11（3～4月）后，血液流变学异常患者各项指标均明显改善，对血液流变学正常患者则无影响。     

尼群地平与卡托普利对轻,中度高血压患者生活质量的影响

应用随机单盲法观察尼群地平和卡托普利对167例轻、中度高血压患者生活质量的影响。结果显示：经过1年治疗，两组患者在躯体症体、健康愉快感、工作表现和认知功能等方面均有明显改善（P＜0.05～0.01），尼群地平组患者抑郁水平明显下降，在工作表现评分上高于卡托普利组。上述结果表明，尼群地平和卡托普利均可改善轻、中度高血压患者的生活质量，在某些方面，尼群地平优于卡托普利。     

Alterations in the Electrocardiogram of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Chronic Antihypertensive Therapy With Captopril

To determine whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) could detect a reduction in ventricular mass with chronic antihypertensive therapy, ECGs were obtained in two year old female normotensive (NR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following nine months of treatment with captopril or water. The ECG of untreated SHR was considerably different than that of age- and sex-matched NR. The notable differences were the increased voltage, left axis deviation, a delay in the intrinsicoid deflection, and the increased frequency of left atrial abnormalities. Chronic captopril therapy produced a substantial reduction in left ventricular mass in the SHR (NR, 0.63±0.01; SHR, 1.08±0.03; captopril SHR, 0.80±0.04g). The ECG reflected this regression of left ventricular hypertrophy since the voltage and axis of the treated SHR were no longer different than those of NR. Thus, the ECG may be effective in evaluating the regression of cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic therapy in experimental hypertension.     

珍菊降压片与卡托普利对高血压左心室肥厚逆转作用的比较

目的：观察珍菊降压片和卡托普利逆转左室肥厚的作用。　方法：分别对 ３０ 名用珍菊降压片的高血压病人及 ３５ 名用卡托普利的病人行１２ 个月的治疗。观测血压及心脏超声指标。比较治疗前后指标的变化。　结果：两组经治疗后均有血压的下降及左心室重量指数（ Ｌ Ｖ Ｍ Ｉ）的改善。　结论：二药均有逆转左室肥厚的作用。     

Glucose Metabolism during Captopril Mono- and Combination Therapy in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients: A Multiclinic Trial

The effects of captopril monotherapy and combination therapy with thiazide diuretics or with methyldopa on glucose tolerance test (GTT) were investigated in 71 diabetic hypertensives. After the baseline evaluation, captopril (37.5–75 mg/day) was given. GTT and insulin assay were performed again between 10 and 12 weeks after the initiation of captopril therapy. We also studied the effects of chronic captopril therapy (6–12 months) on GTT in patients with essential hypertension. Captopril was well tolerated in all patients and no adverse reactions were observed. Chronic captopril therapy produced a significant (p < 0.01) fall of blood pressure in all patients. There was no significant deterioration of the insulinogenic index or the time course curves of plasma glucose and insulin after GTT. These results indicate that captopril therapy does not affect glucose metabolism. Thus captopril may have an advantage for clinical use in hypertensive patients with or without impaired glucose metabolism.     

Sustained Antihypertensive Effect of Captopril Combined with Diuretics and Beta-adrenergic Blocking Drugs in Patients with Resistant Hypertension

ABSTRACT Ten patients with severe hypertension and unsatisfactory blood pressure control during combined therapy with β-adrenergic blocking drugs, diuretics, and vasodilators were treated with gradually increasing doses of captopril. Vasodilators were discontinued 24 hours prior to captopril administration. Six patients had essential, two renal, and two renovascular hypertension. Mild renal impairment was observed in four patients. Captopril effectively decreased blood pressure for 3 hours in all patients after the first dose. The antihypertensive effect appeared to be triphasic and was sustained in all but one patient during 12 months of observation. Captopril doses of 25–75 mg t.i.d. were sufficient to achieve acceptable blood pressure control (RR≦160/100 mmHg) when given in the above mentioned combination. Side-effects were few and tolerable and discontinuation of captopril was not required.     

幼年自发性高血压大鼠短期卡托普利治疗延缓高血压的发展

幼年自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）从第4周末开始至第7周末给予卡托普利60ms／ks·d治疗3周，然后停药观察血压变化。结果发现．治疗可使SHR在整个实验观察期间（8～16周）血压升高延缓3～4周。作者认为应用卡托普利治疗可延缓高血压的自然发展过程。     

硝苯地平和卡托普利对高血压患者血浆、唾液、尿液心钠素浓度的影响

目的探讨心钠素（ＡＮＰ）在高血压发病中的作用。方法５２例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者，随机分组，应用硝苯地平或卡托普利治疗２周前后，测定血浆、唾液、尿液ＡＮＰ含量的变化，并与健康组对照。结果治疗前患者血浆、唾液、尿液中ＡＮＰ均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。治疗２周后，高血压组ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ和血、唾液、尿液中ＡＮＰ较治疗前明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而治疗组间比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），且唾液和尿液中ＡＮＰ与血浆中浓度有同样变化趋势。结论硝苯地平和卡托普利可能是通过抑制ＡＮＰ的产生和释放的某个环节而发挥其降压效果的。