沙棘油软胶囊的急性及遗传毒性实验观察

沙棘作为一种天然野生药食两用植物,果实中富含190余种营养物质和生物活性物质.1977年我国将沙棘列入《中国药典》.从沙棘果、籽、皮中采用超临界CO2提取工艺制成的沙棘油中含有46种生物活性物质,含有大量的维生素E、维生素A、黄酮等,所具有的药理及保健功效已涉及到心脑血管系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、免疫系统、各类外伤、炎症、抗癌等方面.我省作为沙棘的主要产地,现就山西羽林植物速生有限公司开发的沙棘油软胶囊的毒性实验结果作一报告,对沙棘类产品的开发起到一定的参考.     

醋柳黄酮的研究进展

沙棘 (醋柳 ,ＨｉｐｐｏｐｈａｅｒｈａｍｎｏｉｄｅｓＬ)是胡颓子科植物 ,我国的东北、华北、西北和西南等地区是沙棘属植物的主要分布区。它含有丰富的维生素、多种微量元素、多种氨基酸和脂肪酸以及黄酮类、三萜和甾体类化合物。沙棘果和叶中都含有黄酮类化合物 ,叶中的黄酮类化合物的总含量比果实中高。已被鉴定的黄酮类的化合物有 :槲皮素、异鼠李素、山奈酚及其苷类、杨梅酮、绿原酸、猪草苷、儿茶酚和黄芪苷等。目前 ,从沙棘中提取的黄酮类化合物———醋柳黄酮已广泛地应用于临床。本文就醋柳黄酮的提取分离、含量测定方法以及临床…     

沙棘叶的研究进展与产业化应用

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)是沙棘属落叶性灌木或乔木,在我国被广泛种植,林地面积约占世界沙棘的90％.沙棘的各个部位如沙棘果、沙棘籽、沙棘枝和沙棘叶均有较好的营养价值与药用价值,是一种常用的药食两用植物.近年来沙棘叶被广泛研究,其化学组分与生物功能被逐渐揭示,有望应用于食品、保健食品、化...     

泰山沙棘果中总黄酮与槲皮素含量测定及其抗氧化性探讨

目的:对泰山沙棘果进行黄酮类化合物成分分析,并研究其抗氧化作用。方法:高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素含量,紫外分光光度法测定沙棘总黄酮含量。根据Fention反应建立模型体系测定沙棘黄酮对羟自由基的清除率,通过连苯三酚体系测定对超氧离子的抑制率。结果:槲皮素含量为0.019 24mg.g-1,沙棘总黄酮的含量为0.040 51mg.g-1,沙棘黄酮能有效清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子,且随着黄酮浓度的升高,对羟自由基的清除率和对超氧离子的抑制率也增大。结论:泰山沙棘果中黄酮含量较高丰富,槲皮素含量较高,泰山沙棘具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

沙棘属植物药理作用研究进展

综述了沙棘属植物药理作用的研究进展，较全面、系统地整理了沙棘果油、沙棘籽油、沙棘汁等药理作用研究进展情况，对沙棘属植物的深入研究、综合开发利用有重要参考价值．     

近十年沙棘研究的文献量分析

沙棘又名白醋酸柳或酸刺,为胡颓子科植物沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L.的干燥成熟果实 [1].它是一种生命力极强的灌木,一般生长在干旱、寒冷的贫瘠山区.在我国的西藏、山西、陕西、青海、内蒙古等地沙棘资源占世界的90%以上.沙棘果、叶含有200多种生物活性成分,是极为珍贵的药食两用植物.1977年我国卫生部首次将沙棘正式载入<中国药典>,并相继公布为药食两用品种.我国有1700万亩沙棘资源,是名副其实的沙棘资源大国.本文从情报学的角度,通过对近十年沙棘研究文献进行分析,提供有关科研人员和信息部门参考.     

近十年沙棘研究的文献量分析

沙棘又名白醋酸柳或酸刺,为胡颓子科植物沙棘ＨｉｐｐｏｐｈａｅｒｈａｍｎｏｉｄｅｓＬ.的干燥成熟果实[1]。它是一种生命力极强的灌木,一般生长在干旱、寒冷的贫瘠山区。在我国的西藏、山西、陕西、青海、内蒙古等地沙棘资源占世界的90%以上。沙棘果、叶含有200多种生物活性成分,是极为珍贵的药食两用植物。1977年我国卫生部首次将沙棘正式载入《中国药典》,并相继公布为药食两用品种。我国有1700万亩沙棘资源,是名副其实的沙棘资源大国。本文从情报学的角度,通过对近十年沙棘研究文献进行分析,提供有关科研人员和信息部门参考。1　资料来…     

沙棘属植物药理作用的研究进展

沙棘属植物药理作用的研究进展包文芳李保桦李锐张群林胡红瞩综述了沙棘属植物药理作用的研究进展，包括对沙棘果油、沙棘籽油、沙棘汁等药理作用研究进展情况作了较全面的、系统的整理，为沙棘属植物的深入研究、综合开发利用有重要参考价值．沙棘属植物药理作用的研究进...     

沙棘油的毒性研究

沙棘,又名醋柳,属纵生灌木。沙棘油是以其果皮、种子为原料制取的,它含有丰富的脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、维生素E、K及植物留醇等。目前,东欧各国,尤其是苏联和蒙古已对其进行了大量研究并应用在国防、食品工业及医疗上。我国对沙棘油的开发刚刚开始。我站对内蒙古自治区在国内首次开发的沙棘油进行了两阶段的毒理实验,报告如下:     

沙棘的医疗保健价值

沙棘为胡颓子科植物沙棘的果实,具有止咳化痰、消食化滞、活血散瘀的功效。我国是世界上沙棘医用历史最早的国家,早在1300年前唐代的《月王药珍》、《四部医典》及清代的《晶珠本草》等均记载了沙棘的医药用途。沙棘也曾被藏医、蒙医用做治疗多种疾病的常用药物。1977年卫生部首次将沙棘正式列入中国药典,并相继公布沙棘为药食两用品种。现代化学成分分析表明:沙棘中富含维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、多种氨基酸、亚油酸和黄酮类化合物,磷脂类化合物等,还有微量元素、蛋白质等营养成分。其中VitC含量高于任何一种水果,VitE与β胡萝卜素…     

沙棘果实挥发油化学成分研究

Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp, sinensis Rousi (Zhongguoshaji) contains aromatic volatile oil (0.036%), which contains 95 individual compounds as detected by GC and GC-MS. The mixture comprised alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, acetals, kctones, esters, terpenoids and considerable free fatty acids (up to 30%). 1, 1-diethoxy-n-tetradecane (myristic aldehyde acetal), one of the components, is a new natural organic compound.     

First evidence of Dinophysistoxin-1 ester and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked bivalves collected in the Patagonia fjords.

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is a gastrointestinal disease caused by fat-soluble polyether toxins produced by dinoflagellates and accumulated in shellfish. Up to the present, only four fat-soluble polyethers have been known as diarrhetic shellfish toxins. Among them,*** Okadaic acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, Dinophysistoxin-2 and Dinophysistoxin-3. Outbreaks associated with DSP have occurred in the Chilean Patagonia fjords since 1970. Native people, who live in small communities close to the southern fjords, smoke fresh shellfish. During this popular smoking procedure, they impregnate the shellfish with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as incomplete combustion products, which are potent carcinogenic compounds, this product is sold in local markets without phycotoxins analysis or inclusion in any monitoring program. The present paper shows, DSP phycotoxins quantitation, using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent and mass spectrometric detection and the measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography with mass detection, in smoked shellfish samples. The presence of Dinophysistoxin-3, the Dinophysistoxin-1 ester (7-O-acyl-derivatives of dinophysistoxin-1), was assessed in all shellfish samples analyzed. The 7-OH in Dinophysistoxin-1 was esterified with palmitic fatty acid. The shellfish meat contains seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, among them fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed four of the six most frequent carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reported. The content of benzo[a]pyrene in the Razor Clam and Ribbed Mussel were 78.61 and 4.94 ng/g of shellfish dry weight, respectively. In both cases the benzo[a]pyrene amounts were greater than the acceptable tolerance limits of 1 microg/kg of sample. The Razor Clam samples also show amount further above the maximum label regulated by FAO/WHO (10 microg/kg). The presence of both type of compounds in the smoked shellfish samples analyzed, correspond to a dangerous combination, where the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic compounds by themselves and DTX-1, is a potent tumor promoter.     

吴茱萸化学成分的研究

吴茱萸化学成分的研究唐元清，冯孝章，黄量（中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学药物研究所，北京１０００５０）中药吴茱萸（Ｅｖｏｄｉａｒｕｔａｅｃａｒｐａ［Ｊｕｓｓ］Ｂｅｎｔｈ）为芸香科植物吴茱萸干燥将近成熟的果实，有温中散寒、疏肝止痛之功效￣［１］，常用...     

Gaschromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aza-arenes, aromatic amines in the particle and vapor phase of mainstream and sidestream smoke of cigarettes

The present arrangement collects particles and semivolatiles of main- and sidestream smoke and allows a recovery of the trapped substances nearly quantitatively and without impurities. The fractionation procedure allows to separate various groups of carcinogens such as PAH, aza-arenes and aromatic amines for analytical and biological studies. Sidestream smoke contains ten times more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compared with mainstream smoke. This holds also true for aza-arenes and amines. PAH of the gaseous phases include only 1% of the particle-bound PAH.     

多羟基芳香族化合物对HIV-1整合酶的抑制作用

目的研究HIV-1整合酶抑制剂,为艾滋病的治疗提供新作用靶位的抗HIV药物。方法用HIV-1整合酶ELISA法检测3种萘醌类化合物,10种白藜芦醇及其衍生物和7种吡喃香豆素类化合物对整合酶的抑制作用。结果双羟基-1,4-萘醌(NQ-2)对HIV-1整合酶有抑制活性,IC₅₀为78.5 μmol·L^-1,发现萘醌类新化合物NQ-3对HIV-1整合酶的抑制作用优于NQ-2,IC₅₀为37.2 μmol·L^-1。用分步测定法发现NQ-2主要抑制HIV-1整合酶的链转移活性,而NQ-3则对装配和链转移都有较强的抑制。结论萘醌类化合物(NQ-2,3)对HIV-1整合酶有抑制作用,NQ-3为新化合物值得进一步研究。     

Correlates of cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) integument biopsies.

Integument biopsy is a nondestructive method for sampling free-ranging cetaceans, which allows for the determination of both contaminant concentrations and biomarker responses. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression is induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as the non-ortho and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). CYP1A induction has been used extensively as a biomarker of exposure to such compounds in vertebrates. We measured PCB concentrations and CYP1A1 expression in integument biopsies from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) resident in Sarasota Bay, FL. This population of dolphins has been the subject of long-term population and health assessment, affording the opportunity to evaluate the influence of age, sex, and reproductive status on CYP1A1 expression. CYP1A1 expression was seen in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and nerve cells in the dermis, similar to what has been observed in other cetacean species. Endothelial CYP1A1 expression varied along the length of the biopsy, which could be related to differences in the structure and functionality of the blubber in different parts of the integument. Neither age nor sex was related to CYP1A1 expression in these biopsies, and reproductive status did not relate to levels of CYP1A1 in females. Total PCB and toxic equivalent quotient concentrations in blubber were positively correlated with dermal endothelial CYP1A1 expression, although Sigmamono-ortho PCBs concentrations did not show this relationship. Contaminant concentrations appear to be stronger determinants of CYP1A1 expression in integument of these dolphins, than are age, sex, or reproductive status.     

Synergism of aromatic amines and benzo[a]pyrene in induction of Ah receptor-dependent genes

Aromatic amines have been shown to cause bladder cancer. However, epithelial cells of the urinary bladder, cells of origin of bladder cancer, may be exposed to numerous substances besides aromatic amines. In the present study, we analysed possible interactions between the aromatic amines 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) as well as 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). For this purpose we incubated primary porcine urinary bladder epithelial cells (PUBEC) with concentrations of 1 to 50 microM 4-ABP with and without co-exposure to B[a]P. As expected B[a]P increased mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), whereas 4-ABP had no effect. However, when co-exposed 4-ABP enhanced the induction of CYP1A1 by B[a]P. This result was confirmed by Western blot analysis of CYP1A1 protein expression. A similar effect as for CYP1A1 was also observed for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1). Next, we studied co-exposures of 2-NA and B[a]P. Similar as for 4-ABP also 2-NA enhanced B[a]P-mediated induction of CYP1A1. Our results demonstrate that some aromatic amines may enhance the influence of B[a]P on Ah receptor-dependent genes.     

Fire fighting trainers’ exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators

It is well known that fire fighters are potentially exposed to various carcinogenic agents at a fire scene. An almost unheeded issue, however, is fire fighters’ exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators. Biomonitoring (urinary muconic acid, 1-naphthol and 1-pyrenol), dermal (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and occupational hygiene measurements (cyanides, hydrogen cyanide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde) were used to determine how the burning material, the type of simulator and protective clothing used affect fire fighting trainers’ exposure.     

Multimodal molecular encapsulation of nicardipine hydrochloride by β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and triacetyl-β-cyclodextrin in solution. Structural studies by H NMR and ROESY experiments

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), which has become an important tool for in vitro study of cyclodextrin (CD) complexes, was used to study and structurally characterize the inclusion compounds formed in solution between nicardipine hydrochloride (NC) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and triacetyl-β-cyclodextrin (TAβCD). The large variation of chemical shifts from protons located around the interior of the hydrophobic cavity (i.e. H-3, H-5 and H-6) coupled with minimal variation of shifts from protons located on the outer sphere of the βCD (i.e. H-1, H-2 and H-4) provided clear evidence of inclusion complexation. In the presence of the different CDs, the aromatic protons of NC were the most affected, suggesting a strong involvement of the phenyl groups in the inclusion mechanism. The application of continuous variation method indicated the presence of complexes with a 1:1 host/guest stoichiometry for all the studied CDs. Two-dimensional rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) experiments were carried out to further support the proposed inclusion mode. Inspection of the ROESY spectra allowed the establishment of spatial proximities between several aromatic hydrogens of the guest and the CD protons, indicating that the inclusion occurs by accommodation of the two aromatic groups of NC. All the experimental data were further rationalized to elaborate possible three-dimensional geometric models of inclusion complexes. From the aforementioned observations, we concluded there is no preference for inclusion of a particular aromatic ring. Instead, two types of 1:1 complexes with different inclusion structures may exist simultaneously in solution, being alternatively included through the wider side of the cavity, i.e. the so-called multimodal inclusion occurs in the interaction of NC with the different CDs.     

Exploring the role of the 5'-position of TSAO-T. Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of novel TSAO-T derivatives

Various analogues of the anti-HIV-1 agent TSAO-T, [1-[2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]thymine]-3'-spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"-oxathiole-2",2"-dioxide) have been synthesized in which the 5'-TBDMS group has been replaced by alkyl-, alkenyl- or aromatic ether groups, substituted amines, carbamoyl or (thio)acyl groups. The compounds synthesized were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in cell culture. Replacement of the 5'-TBDMS group by an acyl, aromatic or a cyclic moiety markedly diminish or even eliminate the anti-HIV activity. However, the presence at that position of an alkyl or alkenyl chain, partially retain antiviral activity. These observations suggest that the 5'-TBDMS group of the TSAO molecule plays a crucial role.