人外周血淋巴细胞松果体素受体鉴定及意义

为证明免疫组织上是否存在松果体素受体（ＭＲ）。以１２５Ｉ松果体素（Ｍ）为配体，应用放射配体结合法检测４０例健康人外周血淋巴细胞１２５ＩＭ特异结合位点。结果：①１２５ＩＭ特异结合最大结合容量（Ｂｍａｘ）为０３６±０１０ｆｍｏｌ／１０６细胞（２１７±６０位点／细胞）；平衡解离常数（Ｋｄ）为７９±１３ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ；②动力学分析显示Ｋ１＝（１２４±０３１）×１０－７Ｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍｏｌ－１，Ｋ－１＝（４８±１１）×１０－３／ｍｉｎ；③特异性分析表明对Ｍ高度特异性；④亚细胞分布：特异结合部位以细胞核含量最高。结果表明人淋巴细胞存在ＭＲ，该特异结合位点具低结合容量、高亲和力、可饱和性及可逆性结合特点，对Ｍ高度特异性，符合特异结合位点的基本条件；也表明淋巴细胞是Ｍ作用的靶组织，提示Ｍ对免疫的兴奋作用可能是其与免疫组织上ＭＲ的直接作用所致。     

大鼠感染性脑水肿时NMDA受体的变化

测定百日咳菌液（ＢＰ）所致大鼠感染性脑水肿（ＩＢＥ）对３ＨＭＫ８０１与大脑皮层神经细胞特异结合的影响。从大鼠左颈总动脉注入ＢＰ，制备ＩＢＥ模型。雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分３组：①对照组（ＮＳ，ｎ＝１１）；②ＩＢＥ组（ＢＰ，ｎ＝１２）；③ＭＫ８０１＋ＢＰ预处理组（ＭＫ８０１，ｎ＝４）。０２ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重生理盐水或ＢＰ注入左颈总动脉作为ＮＳ或ＢＰ组；每天腹腔注射０５ｍｇＭＫ８０１／ｋｇ体重，共２天，然后注入ＢＰ为ＭＫ８０１组。注射ＢＰ２４小时后断头取脑。Ｎ甲基Ｄ天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）受体与３ＨＭＫ８０１的特异结合用放射配体结合分析法测定，Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图。结果，ＮＳ及ＢＰ组的Ｂｍａｘ分别为０６２３±００８２和０６０６±００８７ｐｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白质（ｔ＝０４８，Ｐ＞００５），Ｋｄ分别为４３１±４２和３０５±３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｔ＝７８，Ｐ＜００５）。ＭＫ８０１预处理减少ＮＭＤＡ受体的特异结合。表明在此脑水肿模型中ＮＭＤＡ受体总数未发生变化，但亲和力明显增高，其增高能被预先腹腔注入的ＭＫ８０１抑制。     

介绍一种大鼠脑中γ-氨基丁酸受体的检测方法

目的：介绍一种大鼠脑中γ－ 氨基丁酸受体的快速简便的检测方法。方法：用３Ｈ－ ＧＡＢＡ 为配体来检测大鼠脑神经末梢微囊中的ＧＡＢＡ受体。检测ＧＡＢＡ受体的合适条件是１．０ ×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的脑膜蛋白在３７℃下反应３０ ｍｉｎ。结果：大鼠脑中存在ＧＡＢＡ受体,Ｋｄ＝ （９７．３±５．８） ×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｂｍａｘ ＝０．１０６１ ×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ｇ 蛋白±０．０１０３×１０ －９ｍｏｌ／ｇ 蛋白,属低亲和力受体。结论：用３Ｈ－ ＧＡＢＡ可以检测大鼠脑中的ＧＡＢＡ受体。     

心肌肌钙蛋白－IRIA建立及初步临床应用

从人心肌组织中提纯并鉴定了心肌肌钙蛋白－１（ＣＴｎＩ），免疫新西兰纯系兔而获特异性抗血清，其亲和常数Ｋａ值为４．１×１０１０Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．Ｉｏｄｏｇｅｎ法制１２５Ｉ－ＣＴｎＩ，比活度为３６５９ＧＢｑ／ｇ．建立了ＣＴｎＩ双抗体ＲＩＡ，标准曲线ＥＤ５０为６．４±０．３４μｇ／Ｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝８），灵敏度达１．５μｇ／Ｌ，工作范围为２－６４μｇ／Ｌ，批内、批间ＣＶ分别为２．１％－５．７％（ｎ＝８）和５．４％－９．０％（ｎ＝４），方法回收率为９０．１％－９５．３％．与骨胳肌肌钙蛋白－Ｉ（ＳＴｎＩ）未见交叉反应，测定８７例正常人血清ＣＴｎＩ浓度为２．１７±０．６６μｇ／Ｌ（ｘ±ｓ），８０例有关疾病患者ＣＴｎＩ血清浓度测定表明该方法对诊断心肌细胞损伤具有心肌特异性．并且ＣＴｎＩ于心肌细胞损伤后在血清中出现时间早，维持时间长，是一个理想的心肌细胞损伤标志物．     

人外周血林巴细胞松果体素受体鉴定及意义

为证明免疫组织上是否存在松果体素受体（ＭＲ）。以＾１２５Ｉ－松果体系（Ｍ）为配体，应用放射配体结合法检测４０例健康人外周血淋巴细胞＾１２５Ｉ－Ｍ特异结合位点。结果：①＾１３５Ｉ－Ｍ特异结合最大结合容量（Ｂｍａｘ）为０．３６±０．１０ｆｍｏｌ／１０＾６细胞（２１７±６０位点／细胞）；平衡解离常数（Ｋｄ）为７９±１３ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ；②动力学分析显示Ｋ１＝（１．２４±０．３１）×１０＾－７Ｌ·ｍｉｎ＾－１     

锌对体外培养人胚成骨细胞生长影响的实验研究

采用体外培养人胚成骨细胞模型，检测加入不同浓度的锌（１０＾－７－＝－１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ），对人胚成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果显示，锌在１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度时，能够显著促进成骨细胞蛋白质的合成，提高碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性。但对成骨细胞增殖作用不明显。当锌深度低于１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，作用不明显；当锌浓度超过１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，达到１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／ｌ时，可抑制 细胞的分化，使ＡＬＰ活性     

内毒素对培养人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤作用

目的研究内毒素对内皮细胞的直接损伤作用，以便对烧伤早期入血的内毒素对血管内皮细胞的影响作出初步评价。方法以培养的原代人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）为模型，加入不同浓度内毒素，观察在不同时相点培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性变化，前列腺环素（ＰＧＩ２）代谢产物６－酮－前列环素Ｆ１ａ（６－酮－ＰＧＦ１ａ）含量和内皮细胞中的Ｆ－肌动蛋白丝（Ｆ－ａｃｔｉｎ）含量与细胞形态学变化。结果ＬＤＨ活性在内毒素达到０．４μｇ／ｍｌ并作用１２小时后才有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而６－酮－ＰＧＦ１ａ含量在各组内毒素损伤中变化均不显著。内皮细胞中Ｆ－ａｃｔｉｎ含量在各组中均有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），但程度略有不同，细胞形态也有相应变化。结论内毒素直接损伤血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）须较大浓度（＞０．４μｇ／ｍｌ），但在较低浓度下（０．１μｇ／ｍｌ）可直接引起内皮细胞的一些形态学变化和Ｆ－ａｃｔｉｎ含量的变化，初步推测血管内皮细胞可能存在着与通常认识的内毒素—内毒素结合蛋白—ＣＤ１４途径激活细胞不同的分子机制     

~(99m)Tc-ECD SPECT断层影像采血法和非采血法定量测定rCBF和CBF的对照研究

目的：应用９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像采血和非采血法定量测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ。材料和方法：正常对照组１５例,疾病组１０例。采血法用动脉化静脉血样求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ的浓度;非采血法用头颈平面像求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ浓度。结果：正常对照组采血法ｒＣＢＦ２５０±４０～５９１±７６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３０±３６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１;非采血法ｒＣＢＦ２６１±３２～６０３±６８ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３５±４４ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１。和其他方法测得的正常值很接近。疾病组两法测定的结果基本一致。结论：用９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ是可行的,可作为评价脑血流灌注的定量指标。     

HAPC患者红细胞2,3—二磷酸甘油酸的变化和红细胞ATP酶的活性

目的：了解红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸、红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶在高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）的变化及二者关系。方法：ＨＡＰＣ患者２４例，正常对照１９例，分别测定红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶（Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶，Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果：ＨＡＰＣ组及对照组红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油分别为：３．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．１３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，４．８７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．０７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为：４．１±０．０１３λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，７．４±０．１９λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为１５．１±１．７０λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，２５．３±２．３１λΒμｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；相关分析显示：２，３－二磷酸甘油酸与Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＋０．４８１７，Ｐ＜０．０１）与Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４７８３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＨＡＰＣ患者红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸的减少，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活力降低，反映机体缺氧状况，体细胞代谢异常     

BCG法BCP法测定血清白蛋白特异性的比较

白蛋白最常用的测定方法为ＢＣＧ法，但许多文献均提出该法特异性较差。９０年代以来，许多大型生化分析仪多改用ＢＣＰ法测定血清蛋白，并有取代ＢＣＧ法的趋势，为确定两种方法的差异，我们做了比较对照，现报告如下。１　材料与方法１１　ＢＣＰ法１１１　ＢＣＰ法试剂配制　（１）ＢＣＰ储存液：ＢＣＰ２６８ｇ研磨，溶于无水乙醇并稀释至１００ｍｌ；（２）２．５ｍｏｌ醋酸溶液（１５％ｖ／ｖ）；（３）２１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＢｒｉｊ３５溶液，Ｂｒｉｊ３５２５ｇ溶于水并稀释至１００ｍｌ；（４）５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＢＣＰ应用…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）