高技术武器对眼战伤伤因和伤类的影响

目的：探讨高技术局部战争武器对眼战伤伤因、伤类的影响,为未来战争眼战伤防治提供依据。方法：调研美军自海湾战争以来对外重大军事行动资料,以及外军战伤和眼战伤卫勤资料,分析高技术局部战争武器对眼战伤伤因、伤类的影响。结果：（1）10余年来,美军海外重大军事行动中的武器类型已向高爆性和精确制导性发展;（2）既往战争中,弹片伤发生率较高;（3）现代战争中,眼战伤的致伤因素主要为弹片伤。结论：未来高技术局部战争眼战伤将以爆炸伤为主,并将出现新的眼战伤伤类。     

战伤要素诊断谱的构建研究

战伤诊断是指医务人员运用医学诊断技术,对战斗中发生的伤员通过详尽的检查及调查后做出的对伤员伤病情的基本认识和判断,包括伤部、伤类等构成的战伤要素诊断及伤后疾病和并发症的诊断,是指导战伤救治的基本医学依据。战伤诊断的准确与否对于挽救伤病员生命、降低伤残率具有重     

登陆作战战伤的特点及初步枪救原则

登陆作战是陆、海、空军的协同进攻作战 ,由于作战行动受海区的地理、水文、气象的影响大 ,背水攻坚作战 ,战斗激烈艰巨 ,以及现代高科技武器的巨大杀伤力 ,登陆作战的伤情较其它作战方式有其特点 ,一线抢救十分困难〔1〕。因此 ,探索现代登陆作战的伤情特点及救治原则 ,对做好新时期军事斗争准备 ,完成未来可能发生的作战任务 ,具有重要的意义。1　登陆作战的伤情特点 :1 1　伤员集中出现、战斗减员率高　随着现代高技术武器的发展 ,武器的杀伤力以及作战空间的增大 ,无形中增加了登陆作战的难度。由于敌前登陆 ,背水作战 ,多兵种协同复杂 …     

Fatal head injuries from firearms

Summary Autopsy findings in 270 fatal head injuries from firearms are reported, including 243 suicides and 27 homicides. The most frequent weapon used for both groups were shot guns which are easily available in Norway. For suicides the most favored sites were right tempoparietal, frontal, and mouth. Twenty-six percent of the victims from homicides had multiple wounds in their head. Suicide by firearms showed marked male predominance, whereas the sex ratio for homicide was rather equal between the two sexes.     

干眼症相关因素的初步研究

目的对干眼症的相关因素进行分析,以指导干眼症的预防与诊治。方法对2008年6月～2010年5月于我院眼科门诊以干眼症状就诊的患者335例进行Schirmer test检测及泪膜破裂时间（BUT）检查,对患者性别、出现症状的季节、屈光不正与否及每天视屏幕的时间等因素进行分析。结果 335例患者中确诊为干眼症的患者为195例,确诊为干眼症的比率在春季最高;屈光不正患者较非屈光不正患者中确诊为干眼症的比率高;每日注视屏幕时间长的患者确诊为干眼症的比率较高。结论综合考虑干眼症的相关因素有助于干眼症的预防与诊治。     

军人眼外伤113例临床分析

目的　研究军人眼外伤的相关因素 ,探讨相应的防治措施。方法　对 1 1 3例 ( 1 3 7眼 )眼外伤住院军人的年龄、职别、致伤环境、致伤原因、就诊时间、主要致伤类型、受累组织、并发症及预后等进行总结和分析。结果　眼外伤患者占同期眼科总住院军人的 41 .85 %,均为男性 ,士兵居多 ,受伤地点多在工作训练场所 ,致伤原因以打击伤、钝器挫伤为主 ,就诊时间1/2h至 1 0d不等 ,致伤类型主要是睑裂伤、眼球钝挫伤、前房积血、视网膜震荡等 ,致盲率 2 0 .44%,眼球摘除 1眼。结论　眼外伤是军人主要致盲眼病之一 ,积极预防和采取及时治疗是关键。     

Sports-related eye injuries: floorball endangers the eyes of young players

The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of different sports-related eye injuries and to identify injury types to enable recommendations to be made about the use of protective eyewear. The study population comprises all 565 eye trauma patients examined at the Ophthalmology Emergency Clinic of the Helsinki University Central Hospital over a 6-month period. Data were collected from patient histories and questionnaires. In addition, three severe floorball eye injury cases are presented. Of the 565 eye traumas, 94 (17%) were sports related. Of these, 42 (45%) were associated with floorball. Countrywide, in Finland, estimated over 300 (+95% CI 228-415) floorball eye injuries occur annually. The mean age of floorball patients was 22 years. The most common finding (55%) in sports injury patients was hyphema. Clinically severe eye injuries during this period accounted for one-fourth of all cases. During the study period, no eye injury was found in an organized junior ice hockey, where facial protection is mandatory. Floorball is estimated to belong to the highest risk group in sports, and thus, the use of protective eyewear is strongly recommended. We conclude that national floorball federations should make protective eyewear mandatory.     

创疡贴在烧伤残留创面中的应用

目的 总结创疡贴对烧伤残留创面的临床疗效.方法 回顾性收集了过去两年应用创疡贴治疗烧伤残留创面的病历资料,进行归纳,分析创面愈合时间、止痛效果、创面感染菌种及随访情况.结果 72例残留创面的治愈率为96%,平均愈合时间为15.5 d±2.8 d,感染得到有效控制,且有止痛效果.结论 创疡贴利于烧伤残留创面的愈合,能有效控制创面感染.     

进一步重视新老技术对战(创、烧)伤创面修复的作用

在现代社会中,各种损伤,包括创伤、战伤以及烧伤等创面的处理十分重要.根据相关经验,一些新的或过去已经建立的治疗技术和方法,如负压引流技术、新型敷料和基因工程生长因子的应用等可能在创面修复中起重要作用.本文强调这些技术的重要性并概略介绍它们在战(创、烧)伤创面修复领域中的应用.     

S波段高功率微波对家兔眼的损伤效应

目的：研究S波段高功率微波(HPM)对家兔眼的损伤效应。方法：家兔在散瞳麻醉只暴露头部的务件下，分3个剂量水平，单次HPM远场平面波照射，于照后7个时间点，通过肉眼、眼底镜、裂隙灯观察，以及视网膜电图测定、组织病理学方法等研究HPM对家兔的角膜、晶状体、视网膜等眼重要部位的结构与功能的影响。结果：HPM照射后，角膜表面粗糙，一周内恢复；晶状体后皮质出现点状混浊斑，逐渐发展为片状；视网膜组织病理切片观察到弥漫性视网膜损伤，视乳头下方视敏感区损伤重，其他部位较轻，感光细胞的内外节层以及外核层均有不同程度的病理改变；视网膜电图b波幅值降低说明视网膜功能下降。结论：单次HPM照射兔眼(平均功率密度≥60mW／cm^2，照射时间≥30min)，可导致眼结构和功能的损伤，损伤程度呈现一定剂量相关性。     

狗中度冲击伤复合高速破片致伤的损伤特点研究

本研究初步探讨了狗中度冲击伤复合单侧后肢高速破片伤的致伤特点。结果表明,冲击伤,破片伤及两者复合伤后PaO_2均有降低,而PAP则有所升高,以复合伤后变化的幅度最大。且复合伤后24h肺体指数与肺含水率明显高于冲击伤后及破片伤后。形态学的改变显示:复合伤动物多数发生重度肺损伤,冲击伤动物多数为中度肺损伤,而破片伤动物仅少数出现轻度肺损伤。结果提示:狗肢体高速破片致伤对中度冲击伤的肺损伤具有加重作用。     

Computed tomography in gunshot wounds to the neck: Can we predict vascular injury?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of helical computed tomography (CT) to detect arterial injuries in gunshot wounds to the neck. In a blinded retrospective review, 54 helical CT scans of the cervical spine were evaluated for bullet/bone fragments, subcutaneous air, bullet path, hematoma, spine fractures, and pharyngoesophageal compromise. The distance of fragments to a major vessel was calculated. CT findings that correlated significantly with major arterial injury included the presence of fragments (bullet/bone) close to a major vessel (2.5 mm) and spine fractures. Visualizing fragments <5 mm from a vessel or a transcervical bullet trajectory predicted 12 of 13 major arterial injuries. We conclude that CT clearly depicts anatomic damage. Specific findings, such as the location of fragments and bullet trajectory adjacent to a vessel and spine fractures, indicate a higher probability of vascular damage, thus directing more definitive evaluation.     

美宝创疡贴治疗手指离断伤术后残余创面疗效分析

目的观察美宝创疡贴治疗手指离断伤术后残余创面的临床疗效。方法对2012年1月至2014年1月收治的38例手指离断伤术后皮肤坏死患者创面外用美宝创疡贴包扎治疗,每日换药1次,观察创面愈合时间及愈合效果。结果38例手指离断伤患者术后残余创面全部愈合,平均愈合时间为25 d,愈后皮肤无明显瘢痕增生,对关节功能无影响。结论美宝创疡贴可明显促进残余创面愈合,对手指离断伤术后残余创面的治疗效果显著,值得推广。