磁敏感加权成像在脑血管畸形显像中的初步应用研究

目的 初步分析磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在脑血管畸形显像中的应用价值. 资料与方法 2006年5月至9月间对11例颅内血管畸形患者资料进行前瞻性研究,11例中男7例,女4例,平均年龄25岁.其中6例为海绵状血管瘤,3例为脑动静脉畸形,2例为静脉畸形.SWI所得图像应用10 mm厚度的最小密度投影重组.与手术所见和DSA对比,将SWI图像与常规MR序列比较. 结果 SWI对11例血管畸形患者的病灶均显示清楚.其中6例海绵状血管瘤患者常规MR序列发现10个海绵状血管瘤,而SWI发现了15个;3例脑动静脉畸形患者中,2例SWI较常规序列发现更多病灶.SWI发现了DSA所见的4支引流静脉中的3支,而常规MR序列仅可以显示1支,且更易与动脉区分,常规序列和SWI均可发现2支供血动脉,SWI还可以显示其中1例动静脉畸形的钙化; 2例静脉畸形均可清晰显示扩张的髓静脉和粗大的引流静脉,而常规序列显示欠佳. 结论 SWI应作为脑血管畸形尤其慢流速血管畸形诊断的常规序列应用于临床,结合其他序列对脑血管畸形能提供更全面、精确的信息.     

磁共振成像对脑血管畸形的诊断

目的 探讨磁共振成像对脑血管畸形(cerebral vascular malformation,CVM)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析42例脑血管畸形的磁共振平扫、弥散加权成像(DWI)、增强扫描及其中15例的扰相梯度回波加权成像(T_2~*WI)、10例的磁共振血管成像(MRA)、5例的磁敏感加权成像(SWI)表现,分别评价其对脑血管畸形的显示价值.结果 病灶位于额叶19例,枕叶9例,颞叶6例,顶叶3例,小脑半球2例,脑干1例,环池1例,大小脑及脑干多发病灶1例,其中脑静脉畸形20例,海绵状血管瘤13例,动静脉畸形7例,脑静脉畸形合并海绵状血管瘤2例.结论 各种磁共振成像序列相结合能明确诊断脑血管畸形.     

3D-TOF MRA及SWI对脑血管畸形的对照研究

目的:通过分析脑动静脉畸形和海绵状血管瘤的的3D-TOF MRA及SWI磁共振表现,探讨3D-TOF MRA及SWI对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。方法:对我院收治的44例血管畸形进行高场磁共振成像,并加扫3D-TOF MRA及SWI序列,其中26例海绵状血管瘤、18例动静脉畸形。通过分析SW I和3D-TOF-MRA技术对脑血管畸形的显示情况,比较二者对脑血管畸形的检出率以及细微特征的鉴别能力等。结果:3D-TOF MRA可以清晰显示动静脉畸形的部位、大小、输入动脉的来源、输出静脉的去向等;海绵状血管瘤MRA检查均未见异常供血动脉,病灶内无异常流空信号。SWI可清晰显示海绵状血管瘤,病灶的数目及范围较常规序列增大;SWI只能显示动静脉畸形迂曲的小静脉,但不能直观显示畸形血管团的全貌及输入动脉等粗大血管的情况。结论:3D-TOF MRA技术对于AVM之类高流速低阻力的血管畸形的显示具有独特的价值,而SWI技术则对于海绵状血管瘤等小血管或低流速的血管畸形的显示具有明显的优势。     

椎管内血管畸形的MRI诊断

目的:评价MRI对椎管内血管畸形的诊断价值。方法:35例临床疑诊脊髓病变或椎间盘突出的患者,分别行MR平扫、增强扫描检查,其中18例行3D-CISS、15例行MR血管成像(CE-MRA)检查。所有影像资料和手术病理结果均进行了回顾性分析。结果:33例动静脉畸形患者中,30例出现典型血管流空征象,3例未见明显畸形血管流空影;2例海绵状血管瘤均被误诊,其中1例伴出血和血栓形成。结论:MR平扫即可诊断具典型血管流空信号的椎管内动静脉畸形和继发脊髓病变,3D-CISS和CE-MRA有助于畸形血管的显示;海绵状血管瘤继发出血,易误诊为肿瘤。     

脑血管畸形在3.0T MR磁敏感加权成像中表现多样性分析

目的:探讨脑血管畸形在3.0T MR磁敏感加权成像(SWI)上表现多样性的病理生理基础.方法:回顾性分析33例具有典型影像学表现或经手术病理证实的脑血管畸形患者.其中海绵状血管瘤24例(2例合并毛细血管扩张症),动静脉畸形(AVM)5例,发育性静脉畸形(DVA)3例,Galen静脉血管畸形合并永存镰状窦1例,毛细血管扩...     

3.0T磁共振高分辨磁敏感成像在血管畸形中的应用价值

目的:探讨高分辨磁敏感成像(HR-SWI)在脑部血管畸形中的应用价值。方法:对45例脑血管畸形的患者行常规MR序列和HRSWI扫描。其中8例同时行MRA检查,31例行增强检查。结果:45例患者均在HR-SWI上清晰显示畸形血管,其中海绵状血管瘤26例,动静脉畸形5例,静脉瘤11例,Sturge-Weber综合征3例。结论:SWI显示血管畸形更清晰,明显优于常规序列,可为临床提供更多有用的信息并有助于脑血管畸形的确诊。     

磁敏感加权成像在脑血管畸形疾病中的应用

目的 评价磁敏感加权成像在诊断脑血管畸形性疾病中的应用价值.方法 58例脑血管畸形(海绵状血管瘤、动静脉血管畸形及静脉血管畸形)患者行1.5T MRI检查,包括SE序列,SWI序列,部分还包括MRI增强、DWI、T2*WI、MRA和MRV.SWI所得到图像资料经过工作站进行后处理,获得SWI磁化率加权图、SWI MinIP图和SWI相位图.将所有资料进行对比分析,比较SWI相对于常规序列在脑血管畸形疾病中的诊断价值.结果 30例海绵状血管瘤患者SWI的磁化率加权图像特点表现为完全低信号6个,另24个表现为低信号中伴点状、斑状等或高信号,周围环绕较宽低信号,出现明显的"铁环征".病变范围的显示较常规序列范围大.在14例动静脉血管畸形中,SWI较常规序列多发现7例动静脉血管畸形(AVM),有10例同时显示供血动脉及引流静脉.在14例静脉血管畸形中,SWI较常规序列多发现病变8处,并能同时显示更多细小髓静脉及引流静脉.结论 SWI能够较常规扫描序列更好的对脑血管畸形,尤其是不典型的海绵状血管瘤做出诊断.     

磁敏感成像诊断脑血管畸形

目的：探讨磁敏感成像对海绵状血管瘤和静脉畸形等脑血管畸形的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析23例经手术病理证实的海绵状血管瘤和静脉畸形患者的磁敏感成像后处理图像及常规T1 WI、T2WI及增强T1WI图像。结果：23例脑血管畸形中海绵状血管瘤18例、静脉畸形5例。常规MRI和磁敏感成像均显示18例海绵状血管瘤的出血灶,磁敏感成像上14例呈“铁环”征,常规MRI仅9例见此征象,磁敏感成像显示出血范围较常规MRI大;5例静脉畸形磁敏感成像均显示引流静脉及髓静脉呈条状低信号,髓静脉呈特征性的“海蛇头”状分布,常规MRI仅2例显示此征。结论：磁敏感成像能敏感地显示出血、微出血及细小静脉,与常规MRI结合可显著提高海绵状血管瘤和静脉畸形的检出率。     

MRA在周围软组织血管瘤和血管畸形中的应用

目的探讨MRA在周围软组织血管瘤和血管畸形中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析61例血管瘤和血管畸形动脉、静脉磁共振血管成像表现。结果13例血管瘤中7例病灶内出现增多且逐渐变细的细小动脉,2例合并有动-静脉瘘形成,6例病灶内未见血管显示。48例血管畸形中35例病变区动、静脉显影,1例仅见动脉显影。动脉成像23例表现为动脉受压变细,5例可见动脉畸形。静脉成像25例显示浅静脉畸形,其中13例合并深静脉畸形,2例仅显示深、浅静脉增多、增粗。8例动、静脉成像均可见动-静脉瘘形成。12例病变区未见血管显影。结论MRA对周围软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的诊断和鉴别有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像技术在体表血管瘤及血管畸形中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋计算机体层扫描血管成像(MSCTA)技术在体表血管瘤及血管畸形中的应用价值.方法 对61例疑似体表血管瘤的患者进行MSCT扫描,然后对所获取的图像进行后处理,包括多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、遮盖容积重现(SVR)等多维重建技术进行血管的显示.结果 真性血管瘤13例,动静脉畸形19例,静脉畸形24例,静脉曲张2例,3例为阴性.MPR三维重建技术、MIP及VR能清晰直观地显示体表血管瘤的范围及与周围组织毗邻的空间解剖关系;其中有20例能较好地显示其供血的动脉及回流的静脉.结论 MSCTA后处理技术对体表血管瘤的诊断、分型具有重要价值.     

First-line investigation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage using dynamic magnetic resonance angiography

Purpose: To report the initial experience of magnetic resonance (MR) digital subtraction angiography (MR-DSA) in the dynamic assessment of the cerebral circulation in acute non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Material and Methods: Twelve patients with acute ICH were investigated within 6 days of the ictus using a dynamic contrast-enhanced 2-D MR angiogram that produces subtracted images with a temporal resolution of 1-2 frame/s. The MR-DSA examinations were assessed for evidence of an intracranial vascular abnormality and were compared with (i) the routine MR sequences, (ii) non-dynamic time-of-flight MR angiography, and (iii) catheter angiogram performed during the same admission.

Results: All 12 MR-DSA examinations were considered to be technically satisfactory. MR-DSA detected an intracranial vascular abnormality in 7 patients (3 arteriovenous malformations, 2 aneurysms, 1 dural arteriovenous fistula, and 1 venous thrombosis). All abnormalities were confirmed by catheter angiography with the exception of one patient with venous sinus thrombosis found on MR imaging that did not undergo catheter angiography. All four arteriovenous shunts were detected by MR-DSA by virtue of early venous filling.

Conclusion: MR-DSA can be performed satisfactorily in the setting of acute ICH and provides an alternative method to catheter angiography for identifying shunting vascular abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and fistulae, as well as large aneurysms and venous occlusions. MR-DSA is a contrast-medium-based technique that does not suffer from the T1 shortening effects of acute hemorrhage that can obscure abnormalities on conventional flow-based non-dynamic techniques.     

磁共振脑静脉系血管成像技术及其临床应用

目的探讨磁共振脑静脉系血管成像的技术方法和最佳扫描方案，评价磁共振静脉系血管成像技术(MR venography，MRV)对静脉系疾病的诊断价值及临床意义。方法采用二维时间飞跃法MR血管造影(2D-TOF-MRA)、二维相位对比血管造影(2D-PCA)和三维对比增强MR血管造影(3D-CE-MRA)3种血管成像技术分别对20例健康志愿者和20例临床或MRI疑有静脉系疾病的患者行MRV成像，并采用最大强度投影(MIP)、多平面或曲面重建(MPR)及数字减影MRA(DSMRA)技术对图像进行后处理，观察脑静脉系在MRV中的显示情况及脑静脉系疾病在MRV中表现形式，制定脑静脉系成像的最佳方案。结果本组经3D-CE-MRA静脉系成像诊断为13例颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)及7例颅内肿瘤累及静脉系的阳性显示率为100％，均经临床治疗复诊及手术证实。2D-PCA及2D-TOF-MRA对细小引流静脉显示欠佳，且2D-TOF-MRA对复杂区域内静脉血管亦显示欠佳。结论3D-CE-MRA结合2D-PCA及2D-TOF-MRA静脉成像技术形成全脑静脉系成像，为脑静脉系的最佳成像方案，对临床术前评估和指导治疗有极其重要的意义。     

Cerebral vascular malformations: applications of magentic resonance imaging to differential diagnosis

Summary Twelve patients with cerebral vascular malformations (5 cavernous angiomas, 1 thrombosed arteriovenous malformation, and 6 venous angiomas) were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. All lesions were clearly depicted. Characteristic MR findings were obtained mainly on T2-weighted images: a markedly low intensity area was always seen. The margins of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and venous angioma were irregular while those of cavernous angioma were smooth in all planes on T2-weighted images. Gradient-echo (GrE) pulse sequences were more sensitive than T2-weighted spin echo (SE) in lesion detection. MR imaging could play an important role in the differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations.     

MR angiography of the intracranial vessels: technical aspects and clinical applications

Evaluation of the intracranial circulation provides valuable information in the diagnosis and prognosis of various intracranial abnormalities and may influence patient management. Technical advances in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have improved the accuracy of this technique in various clinical situations, such as aneurysms, arterial and venous steno-occlusive diseases, vascular malformations, inflammatory arterial diseases, preoperative assessment of the patency of dural sinuses, and congenital vascular abnormalities. In many centers, MRA has replaced conventional digital subtraction angiography in screening for intracranial vascular disease, because of its non-invasive and non-ionizing character. Several MRA techniques have been developed for the imaging of the intracranial vascular system, such as time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA), phase-contrast MRA (PC MRA), and more recently contrast-enhanced MRA (CE MRA). In the evaluation of steno-occlusive disease, the three-dimensional (3D) TOF-MRA technique is recommended for arterial evaluation, and the 2D TOF or 2D PC-MRA technique for venous evaluation. For the evaluation of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we recommend the 3D CE-MRA technique, especially dynamic sequences in case of AVM. In this review, the technical aspects, limitations, and optimization of these MRA techniques will be discussed together with their indications in intracranial disease.     

脑血管畸形的MRI及MRA诊断

目的：研究脑动静脉畸形与海绵状血管瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ特征，评价不同的成像方法对脑血管畸形的诊断价值。材料与方法：对２１例脑动静脉畸形及６例海绵状血管瘤分别作了常规ＭＲ成像及ＭＲ血管成像，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１和Ｔｕｒｂｏ ＳＥ Ｔ２加权序列，ＭＲＡ采用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ及３Ｄ－ＦＩＳＰ序列，６例海绵状血管瘤ＭＲＡ仅使用２Ｄ－ＦＬＡＳＨ序列。所有成像以环形激化头线圈在１．０Ｔ ＭＲ仪上完成。结果：Ｔ１及Ｔ     

Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography in the evaluation of cerebral aneurysms

We review our preliminary experience with the use of three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) in the assessment of intra- and extracranial aneurysms. Six patients were examined: Five had intracranial aneurysms and one had a cervical carotid pseudoaneurysm. A 3D rephased gradient recalled echo pulse sequence and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction algorithm were used. Magnetic resonance angiography, spin echo MR, and conventional angiography were retrospectively reviewed with specific regard to individual vessel visualization, aneurysm depiction, and presence of artifact related to acquisition techniques or MIP reconstruction. All aneurysms were detected on MRA, and anatomical correlation with conventional angiography was excellent. Significant problems included loss of visualization of small vessels, intraluminal signal loss in large vessels, subacute thrombus simulating flow on MIP reconstructions, and limited projections obtainable with MIP techniques. Adequate MRA assessment of aneurysms can be obtained using a combination of T1-weighted spin echo images and 3D TOF MRA. Review of all components of the MRA is required. MRA may be useful in screening asymptomatic patients for intracranial aneurysms as well as in the follow-up of patients treated with balloon occlusion.     

蛛网膜下腔出血患者的MRA和DSA的对照研究

目的：研究ＭＲ血管造影（ＭＲＡ）在蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）患者病因诊断中的应用准确性和可靠性。材料和方法：回顾性分析３３例ＳＡＨ患者的ＭＲＡ资料，并与ＤＳＡ作了对比分析，ＭＲＡ采用三维时间流逝（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ）法。结果：ＭＲＡ上显示了２６例血管病变中的２２例，包括１５个动脉瘤中的１３个，８例动静脉畸形中的６例和３例血管狭窄闭塞性病变。１个完全血栓形成的右颈内动脉瘤ＭＲＡ上未显示。但常规ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ原始图像上显示，ＭＲＡ结合ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ原始图像可以对９１％的患者做出正确诊断和评价，动脉瘤和周围血管的关系及ＡＶＭ的供血动脉和畸形结节能在ＭＲＡ上被准确评价。结论：作为一种非损伤性的血管成像方法，ＭＲＡ具有安全、可靠和方便的优点，可以做为常规用于ＳＡＨ患者的筛选检查。