冠心病患者病变程度与血清氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白C-反应蛋白的关系

目的:探讨冠心病(CHD)患者病变程度与血清氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白(ox—LDL)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)的关系及二指标之间的相互联系。方法:分别测定稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者37例、急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者55例、急性感染者6例、非感染非CHD患者(对照组)6例的血清ox-LDL、CRP值;计算各组ox—LDL、CRP的95％可信区间;比较各组中两指标有无显著差异并评估ACS组患者上述二指标的相关性。结果:①ox-LDL方面,ACS组显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);ACS组中AMI与UAP者相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②CRP方面,急性感染组、ACS组显著高于SAP组及对照组(P<0.05)。急性感染组、ACS组中AMI者显著高于ACS组中UAP者(P<0.05)。但急性感染组与ACS组中AMI者相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③ACS组中二指标呈显著正相关(r=0.64,P<0.05)。结论:血清ox-LDL、CRP升高水平与CHD患者病变程度相一致。脂质过氧化及局部炎症的联合作用是造成CHD患者病情恶化的主要原因。     

IL-10和TNF-a在急性冠脉综合征患者的意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征患者血清IL-10与TNF-a的浓度与发病的关系。方法随机选择冠心病患者65例,其中稳定性心绞痛组(SAP)15例和急性冠脉综合征组(ACS)50例,在ACS组中分不稳定心绞痛组(UAP)28例和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组22例;另设对照组25例。观察血清IL-10与TNF-a的浓度和急性冠脉综合征的关系。结果血清IL-10的浓度中UAP组明显高于正常对照组和SAP组;AMI组明显高于UAP组。TNF-a的浓度中SAP组明显高于正常对照组;UAP组明显高于正常对照组和SAP组;AMI组则明显高于UAP组。结论血清TNF-a水平与心肌缺血的程度有关,是反映心肌缺血的良好指标。而IL-10作为抗炎细胞因子,反映的是机体对冠脉炎症防御性反应的结果。明显升高的TNF-a若伴有低水平的IL-10可能带来不良的预后。     

C反应蛋白对急性冠状动脉综合征转归的预测价值

目的研究人体血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)的含量对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)转归预测的可靠性、敏感性及作为临床疗效判定指标的可行性。方法选择冠心病患者156例,按临床分型分为稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)54例,不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP)48例,急性心肌梗死组(AMI)44例,选择正常人50例为对照组。测定各组血清CRP含量,并动态观察ACS患者CRP的变化,按治疗效果分为稳定组和恶化组,对比分析各组间CRP含量的差异。结果SAP组的患者血清中CRP含量有所增高,但与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组和SAP组与UAP及AMI组比较在CRP含量上具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),即UAP组和AMI组的患者血清中CRP含量明显增高,高于对照组和SAP组。而UAP组与AMI组比较在CRP含量上具有显著性差异(P<0.05),即AMI组患者血清中CRP含量明显高于UAP组。ACS组患者在入选的第1d和第2d血清中CRP含量无明显差异,从第5d起稳定组患者血清中CRP含量逐渐下降,而恶化组患者血清中CRP含量逐渐升高,两组间比较从显著性(P<0.05)到极显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论ACS患者随着病情的稳定血清CRP的含量逐渐下降,而随着病情的恶化血清CRP含量逐渐增加,可作为ACS患者预后判断的早期指标。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白介素-10水平变化的临床意义

目的观察血清巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (M-CSF)、白介素-10 (IL-10) 水平在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化,探讨其与斑块稳定性的关系.方法 ACS患者38 例(ACS组):急性心肌梗死(AMI)组20例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP) 组18 例;稳定型心绞痛(SAP) 组17 例;对照组17 例.用ELISA法测定血清巨噬细胞集落刺激因子及白介素-10水平.结果血清M-CSF水平AMI组高于SAP组和对照组(P均<0.05),UAP组高与SAP组和对照组(P均<0.05),AMI组与UAP 组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);血清IL-10水平AMI组高于UAP组、SAP组和对照组(P均<0.05), UA组高于SAP组和对照组(P均<0.05);ACS病人血清IL-10和M-CSF水平呈正相关关系(r=0.352,P<0.05).结论 (1)ACS患者血清M-CSF升高反映斑块的不稳定性.(2)急性冠脉综合征患者血清IL-10升高,并且与血清M-CSF水平呈正相关关系反映了在动脉粥样硬化斑块中作为抗炎因子的IL-10与其他炎症因子相互作用的复杂性.     

C反应蛋白对不稳定型心绞痛患者预后的评价作用

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者预后的评价作用。方法观察UAP58例,稳定型心绞痛69例作为对照组,两组均在住院后24h内采集静脉血,测血清CRP水平,出院后随访6个月,两组进行对比分析。结果UAP组CRP明显高于对照组,且UAP组在随访过程中发生急性心肌梗死(AMI)、心脏性死亡及其它心脏事件者CRP均高于对照组。除心脏性死亡外,均有统计学差异。结论CRP在UAP患者中均有不同程度增高,且发生AMI、心脏性死亡及其它心脏事件者的CRP更进一步增高。提示CRP对UAP患者的预后有一定的预测价值。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆IL-18结合蛋白和IL-18水平变化及意义

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆白细胞介素(IL)-18结合蛋白和IL-18水平的变化。方法:连续入选稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(50例),不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组(75例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(67例)。同期冠状动脉(冠脉)造影正常的65例患者为对照组。采用夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血浆IL-18结合蛋白和IL-18水平。结果:SAP组、UAP组和AMI组血浆IL-18和IL-18结合蛋白水平显著高于对照组,UAP组和AMI组血浆IL-18和IL-18结合蛋白水平显著高于SAP组。冠心病患者IL-18结合蛋白水平与IL-18、C反应蛋白(CRP)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)正相关,与左室射血分数(LVEF)显著负相关。结论:血浆IL-18结合蛋白和IL-18水平变化可能与ACS的出现密切相关。     

急性冠状动脉综合征妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与C反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子-α相关性的研究

目的:研究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)血清水平和外周血单核细胞表达的变化及其与C反应蛋白(CRP)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的相关性。方法:测定18例不稳定型心绞痛(UAP组)、37例急性心肌梗死(AMI组)和15例稳定型心绞痛(SAP组)及15例正常对照者(对照组)的血清PAPP-A、高敏CRP(hsCRP)和TNF-α水平。同时分离外周血单核细胞,应用RT-PCR检测PAPP-A和TNF-α的mRNA表达。结果:SAP组血清hsCRP和TNF-α水平明显高于对照组;UAP组明显高于对照组和SAP组,但低于AMI组。SAP组血清PAPP-A水平和单核细胞PAPP-A的mRNA表达水平与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义;而在UAP组和AMI组均显著高于对照组和SAP组(均P<0.01)。ACS组患者的血清PAPP-A水平与血清hsCRP和TNF-α水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.616,r=0.712,P<0.01),同时外周血单核细胞PAPP-AmR-NA表达水平与血清hsCRP水平及TNF-αmRNA表达水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.706,r=0.733,P<0.01)。结论:PAPP-A可能是由活化的单核细胞合成并分泌到动脉粥样硬化斑块内和血循环中,并与炎症密切相关。     

冠心病不同类型间C反应蛋白与氧化型低密度脂蛋白自身抗体的比较研究

目的 研究C反应蛋白(CRP)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白自身抗体(anti-oxLDL)与冠心病斑块稳定性的关系。方法 2003-07～12第一军医大学南方医院分别测定21例急性心肌梗死(AMI)、22例不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)、20例稳定型心绞痛(SAP)和21例对照者的CRP、oxLDL自身抗体和LDL自身抗体水平,比较各组中上述指标有无显著差异,并评估CRP分别与两种抗体水平的相关性。结果 急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组(包括AMI组和UAP组)的CRP明显高于SAP组和对照组(P<0.05);ACS组的oxLDL自身抗体水平明显高于SAP组和对照组(P<0.05);各组LDL自身抗体水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05);各组中CRP与oxLDL自身抗体水平是显著正相关(P<0.01),CRP与LDL自身抗体水平无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论 对特异性抗原oxLDL的免疫反应,在导致斑块的不稳定及急性冠状动脉综合征的发生中可能起着重要的作用,oxLDL自身抗体水平可能是评价CHD斑块不稳定的重要特异性标志物。     

血清C-反应蛋白、可溶性CD40配体、基质金属蛋白酶-2水平与冠心病的相关性

目的:观察不同类型冠心病(CHD)患者血清中C-反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性细胞分化抗原40配体(sCD40L)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)水平的变化情况,探讨炎性指标与冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的关系及与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)间的关系。方法:选取CHD患者65例,包括稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组21例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组22例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组22例。按Gensini评分法评定其冠状动脉狭窄程度。另16例冠状动脉造影正常者列为对照组。结果:UAP组和AMI组的血清CRP水平均均明显高于SAP组和对照组(均P<0.01),SAP组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AMI组较UAP组明显增高(P<0.01);血清sCD40L水平在对照组、SAP组、UAP组、AMI组逐渐增高,其中AMI组和UAP组较SAP组和对照组的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),而在AMI组和UAP组之间以及SAP组和对照组之间,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清MMP-2水平在对照组、SAP组、UAP组、AMI组逐渐升高,且各组间均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。这3个指标与冠状动脉狭窄程度间无相关性(P>0.05)。多元Logistic逐步回归分析显示CRP的风险比值(OR)为1.452,P<0.05;sCD40L的OR值为1.071,P>0.05;MMP-2的OR值为1.152,P<0.05。结论:血清CRP、sCD40L、MMP-2水平能反映CHD的严重程度,并可间接反映冠状动脉斑块的稳定性。CRP、MMP-2可能是ACS发生发展的重要危险因子。     

急性冠状动脉综合症患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α变化的临床意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中浓度变化及其意义。方法选取40例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者19例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者21例。60例非ACS患者,其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者21例,陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者19例。冠状动脉造影正常者20例为正常对照组,采用放射免疫法测定上述病例的血清TNF-α浓度。结果SAP、UAP、AMI、OMI患者血清TNF-α浓度均显著高于正常对照组。ACS组血清TNF-α水平显著高于非ACS组;AMI组血清TNF-α水平显著高于UAP组;SAP组与OMI组血清TNF-α水平无显著性差异;SAP与UAP患者冠状动脉狭窄程度比较无显著性差异。结论TNF-α参与冠心病的形成,并且在ACS的发病中起重要作用。检测血清TNF-α浓度将有助于诊断和预测ACS的发生、发展和预后。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.