瑞香素预处理对急性胰腺炎大鼠组织病理变化和白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-10水平的作用

目的:观察瑞香素(Daphnetin,Da)对急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)大鼠组织病理学和血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响,探讨Da对AP的治疗价值和可能机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为四组:假手术组(Sham组)、急性胰腺炎组(AP组)、Da预处理组(Da+AP组)、Da对照组(Da+Sham组),每组各8只。采用手术分离胰胆管并逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠溶液(1ml/kg)建立AP模型(AP组);Sham组不注射牛磺胆酸钠;Da+AP组和Da+Sham组于手术前30min腹腔注射Da(4mg/kg)后,Da+AP组同AP组处理,Da+Sham组同Sham组处理。术后12h开腹摘取胰腺头部,开胸心脏采血,分别观察胰腺组织病理学改变和血清IL-6、IL-10水平变化。结果:AP组胰腺组织病理学评分和血清IL-6水平明显高于Sham组(P0.05),IL-10水平明显低于Sham组(P0.05);与AP组比较,Da+AP组胰腺组织学评分和血清IL-6水平均降低(P0.05),血清IL-10水平明显升高(P0.05);Da+Sham组各指标水平与Sham组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Da可能通过降低促炎因子IL-6和提高抗炎因子IL-10水平减轻胰腺急性炎性损伤,从而起到保护胰腺的作用。     

三种液体限制性复苏对失血性休克大鼠血浆白细胞介素-4、-10的影响

目的探讨晶体、胶体及晶体胶体复合液限制性复苏对失血性休克大鼠血浆白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-10的影响。方法将24只健康SD大鼠按数字表法随机分成对照组,乳酸钠林格液复苏组(晶体组),羟乙基淀粉复苏组(胶体组),乳酸钠林格液与羟乙基淀粉共同复苏组(晶胶组)进行实验研究。3个实验复苏组先通过从大鼠股动脉放血制作失血性休克模型,分别在休克开始前(T0)、休克大鼠平均动脉压(MAP)在40 mmHg维持30 min时(T1)、MAP在60 mmHg维持30 min时(T2)、MAP在80 mmHg维持60 min时(T3)以及复苏成功24 h后(T4)取大鼠外周血,对照组只在实验前和相当于实验组的T4时点取血,采用ELISA法检测血浆IL-4和IL-10水平。结果各组大鼠周龄、体质量及实验前MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。各组大鼠在T0时点及各实验组在T1、T2时点血浆IL-4和IL-10水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。在复苏过程中,晶体组和胶体组血浆IL-4和IL-10水平总体呈下降趋势,T3和T4时点晶胶组血浆IL-4和IL-10的水平均较晶体组和胶体组升高,T4时点对照组血浆IL-4和IL-10的水平均较晶体组和胶体组升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论3种液体对失血性休克大鼠进行限制性复苏的过程中,晶胶液相对于晶体液、胶体液能更好地促进休克机体抑炎介质的释放,是一种相对较理想的复苏液体。     

白细胞介素-10检测及其临床意义

白细胞介素-10(简称白介素-10,interleukin-10,IL-10)是具有多种生物功能的细胞因子,它与机体自身免疫疾病、感染性疾病和肿瘤等有着密切关系.IL-10主要由单核细胞,巨噬细胞,肥大细胞,T、B淋巴细胞和激活的角质细胞产生.人的IL-10是一种单肽链的,由160个氨基酸组成的酸性蛋白,分子量为18.7kD(不包括N端18个氨基酸构成的信号肽序列),等电点为8.1,通常为二聚体(39kD).人IL-10和鼠IL-10核苷酸序列同源性达81%,氨基酸序列同源性达73%.人IL-10对人细胞和小鼠细胞均有作用,小鼠IL-10只对鼠细胞有作用,而对人细胞无作用.     

大鼠脑内白细胞介素-1Ⅰ型受体在致痫活动中的表达变化

为了探讨白细胞介素 -1I型受体 ( IL-1RI)在癫痫发病中的作用 ,本实验采用免疫组织化学方法观察了致痫大鼠行为改变与脑内 IL-1RI表达变化。结果发现 ,侧脑室注射白细胞介素 -1β( IL-1β)后再注射阈下剂量谷氨酸钠 ,可导致动物痫样发作 ,其大脑皮质及海马锥体细胞层 IL -1RI免疫反应阳性细胞数量较对照组明显增多 ,免疫反应增强 ;如先注射白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂 ( IL-1ra)、再注射 IL-1β和阈下剂量谷氨酸钠 ,则动物无痫样发作 ,且大脑皮质及海马锥体细胞层 IL-1RI免疫反应阳性细胞数量较注射 IL -1β和阈下剂量谷氨酸钠组减少 ,免疫反应着色减弱。结果提示 ,IL -1β有明显促进谷氨酸钠致痫的作用 ,IL-1RI可能参与致痫过程 ,IL-1ra具有抗痫效应。     

白细胞介素-1β或白细胞介素-6致痫大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸免疫反应性的变化

目的研究白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）致痫过程中谷氨酸（Glu）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在大脑皮质及海马内表达的变化,探讨IL-1β及IL-6在癫痫发病中的作用机制。方法大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、IL-1β组、IL-6组,侧脑室注射相应试剂120min后观察大鼠行为变化,并采用免疫组织化学方法检测大脑皮质及海马内Glu及GABA的表达变化。结果动物行为学观察,生理盐水对照组无明显癫痫发作,IL-1β组、IL-6组发作程度达中度。免疫组织化学染色显示,在注射IL-1β或IL-6 120min后,IL-1β、IL-6组Glu表达在大脑皮质及海马较对照组明显升高,GABA表达较对照组明显降低,差异显著。结论IL-1β或IL-6可能通过升高Glu含量并降低γ-氨基丁酸的含量参与促痫和致痫过程,从而使神经元兴奋性升高促进癫痫发作。     

大鼠脊髓损伤对IL-10和原肌球蛋白4在脊髓中表达的影响

目的:探讨脊髓顿挫伤(spinal cord contusion,SCC)后白细胞介素10(IL-10)和原肌球蛋白4(TPM4)在脊髓中的表达变化。方法:成年健康雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham)和脊髓顿挫伤组(SCC)。用Allen’s打击法建立脊髓顿挫损伤模型,BBB评分评价大鼠运动功能变化;免疫组织化学技术分别显示IL-10和TPM4在脊髓组织的定位情况;并利用q-PCR检测两者的mRNA含量变化。结果:BBB评分结果表明SCC组大鼠运动功能明显障碍,但损伤后7 d(P0.05)、14 d(P0.001)和28 d(P0.001)组逐渐得到改善。免疫组化结果显示,IL-10主要定位于脊髓白质神经胶质细胞的胞体和突起,第28 d在血管内皮细胞也有少量表达。TPM4主要定位于神经元和胶质细胞质和突起。q-PCR结果显示,大鼠术后IL-10 mRNA表达在第1d组明显增加(P0.001),而后逐渐下降到Sham组水平。TPM4 mRNA含量在损伤后第7 d(P0.05)明显降低,后又逐渐上升。结论:脊髓损伤早期,IL-10表达增高可抑制脊髓组织的炎症反应,从而减轻组织损伤。而脊髓损伤后期TPM4表达升高可能与神经元修复有关。     

急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达

背景：在脊髓损伤后的继发性损伤过程中,白细胞介素1β参与刺激其他细胞因子和损伤介质的合成。 目的：观察白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂对急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠损伤脊髓白细胞介素1β与核因子κB表达的影响。 方法：采用改良Allen法建立SD大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型,造模后分别在损伤处敷含白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂或仅有生理盐水的明胶海绵,于脊髓损伤1,48,72 h取损伤段脊髓标本,免疫组织化学染色检测白细胞介素1β与核因子κB的表达。 结果与结论：经白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂治疗后,损伤脊髓组织白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达均显著降低。说明白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂可通过抑制白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达,减轻局部炎症反应,对急性脊髓损伤大鼠损伤段脊髓发挥保护作用。     

产生白细胞介素-10的树突状细胞与免疫耐受

白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)是一种重要的抗炎因子,具有免疫调节功能。目前认为树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)可以调控免疫反应,既促进免疫反应,又诱导免疫耐受。研究发现DCs是IL-10的重要细胞来源,且将产生IL-10的DCs定义为IL-10 +DCs。这群...     

重症肌无力患者血清白细胞介素-10水平变化的研究

目的 :探讨重症肌无力 (MG)患者血清白细胞介素 (IL) 10的变化及其临床意义。方法 :采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测 36例未经免疫抑制治疗和 30例已使用糖皮质激素 (GC)系统治疗的MG患者及 2 0例健康献血者的血清IL 10水平。结果 :血清IL 10水平在MG患者高于健康者 (P <0 0 1) ,经GC治疗后 ,其水平明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但仍高于健康者 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在AchRab阳性患者高于AchRab阴性患者 (P <0 0 5 )和正常对照者 (P <0 0 1) ,且与AchRab滴度呈正相关 (P <0 0 1)。IL 10分别在MG未治组和GC治疗组中 ,全身型均高于眼肌型 (P <0 0 5 ) ;病情重者均高于病情轻者 (P <0 0 1) ;急性期均高于慢性期 (P <0 0 5 ) ;伴胸腺异常者均高于胸腺正常者 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :MG患者血清IL 10水平显著增高 ;IL 10与MG临床特点和AchRab的产生有关 ,在MG发病机制中起重要作用     

病毒白细胞介素-10的基因克隆与原核表达

目的:构建病毒白细胞介素IL-10(vIL-10)基因的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法:以EB病毒B95-8细胞培养上清为模板,用PCR扩增EB病毒BCRF1基因。PCR产物经EcoRI和XhoI双酶切后,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,以重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS,在IPTG诱导下表达目的蛋白。结果:以终浓度为100μmol/L的IPTG于30℃诱导6h后,重组菌可高效表达相对分子质量(Mr)约为24000的His-vIL-10融合蛋白。结论:成功地克隆vIL-10的编码基因并在大肠杆菌中高效表达,为制备抗vIL-10单克隆抗体(mAb)、分析vIL-10结构与功能的关系提供了条件。     

被动运动对脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能及骨骼肌的影响

目的　观察被动运动促进脊髓损伤（Spinal cord injury, SCI）大鼠后肢运动功能恢复和改善骨骼肌萎缩的影响;探讨脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）对被动运动促进功能恢复和延缓肌萎缩的作用。 方法　将36只健康成年雌性SD大鼠随机分假手术组、对照组（未行运动）,被动运动组（损伤1周后开始被动运动,共4 周）。采用改良的Allen’s法制备SCI模型。术后1 d和1、2、3、4 周通过大鼠Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)行为学评分检测各组大鼠的运动功能;术后5周,采用HE染色比较各组大鼠脊髓组织病理变化,观察大鼠后肢腓肠肌的横断面积、直径和形态变化。测量腓肠肌湿重、体重和肌湿重/体重,评价肌萎缩情况;采用Western blots检测腓肠肌中BDNF的表达变化。 结果　被动运动组运动功能明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。损伤5周后,对照组和被动运动组的脊髓组织失去正常形态,神经元数量减少,损伤区大量空洞形成,而被动运动组的变化较对照组轻。对照组腓肠肌湿重、肌湿重/体重、横断面积和直径下降,被动运动组改善上述肌萎缩情况（P<0.05）。与假手术组相比,对照组和被动运动组BDNF表达量增加（P<0.05）,其中被动运动组高于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论　被动运动可能是通过增加SCI后BDNF表达促进损伤后运动功能的恢复,并能有效改善失神经性肌萎缩。     

Interleukin-17 deficiency improves locomotor recovery and tissue sparing after spinal cord contusion injury in mice

Following the initial impact, spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a number of inflammatory responses which can exacerbate tissue damage in the cord and impair functional recovery. The involvement of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in the secondary degenerative mechanisms of SCI has been well established, although the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) remains unclear. In the present study, we used IL-17 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6J wildtype (WT) mice to investigate the effects of IL-17 deficiency on locomotor recovery, lesion size, glial activation and inflammatory cell response following spinal cord contusion injury. Our results show that compared to WT mice, IL-17 KO mice had a significantly smaller lesion size, corresponding with significantly improved locomotor functional recovery following SCI. At 6 weeks after injury, recruitment of B cells, dendritic cells and neutrophils was significantly lower in IL-17 KO than WT mice, however there was no difference in the presence of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, in the injured spinal cord. These findings suggest that IL-17 is a mediator of secondary degeneration, which contributes to neuroinflammation and hinders functional recovery, though its actions do not affect glial activation following SCI.     

Enhanced functional recovery from spinal cord injury following intrathecal or intramuscular administration of poliovirus replicons encoding IL-10

Poliovirus-based vectors (replicons) have been shown to maintain the in vitro tropism of poliovirus for motor neurons of the CNS. To determine if replicons could be effective for delivery of potentially beneficial proteins to the CNS, we have constructed and characterized a replicon encoding IL-10. IL-10 was rapidly produced in tissue culture cells following in vitro infection with replicons encoding IL-10. Intrathecal inoculation of replicons encoding IL-10 into the non-injured CNS of mice transgenic for the poliovirus receptor resulted in expression of IL-10 within motor neurons at 24-48 h post-inoculation, which subsided by 72-96 h post-inoculation. Single intrathecal or intramuscular injections of replicons were given following spinal cord trauma. Animals receiving replicons encoding IL-10 demonstrated a greater functional recovery in the first 24 h after injury that was maintained throughout the testing period. Compared to animals given replicons encoding gfp, CNS tissue from animals given replicons encoding IL-10 revealed extensive expression of IL-10 from astrocytes around the CNS lesion during the first week following injury. The expression of IL-10 from astrocytes also correlated with more resting microglia as opposed to the rounded activated microglia seen in animals given replicons encoding gfp. Results of these studies establish that replicons can be used to express biologically active molecules in motor neurons of the CNS and these biologically active molecules can have a direct effect on the CNS or induce a cascade of molecules that can influence the cellular composition and activation state of cells within the CNS.     

Atorvastatin prevents early apoptosis after thoracic spinal cord contusion injury and promotes locomotion recovery

The systemic administration of atorvastatin has been shown to be neuroprotective after spinal cord injury (SCI), by decreasing the inflammatory response at the lesion site and by reducing neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis. The latter effect spares white matter at the injury site and improves locomotion. The aim of this study was to confirm the neuroprotective efficacy of atorvastatin as well as its early action in limiting apoptosis with its administration post-SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received an intra peritoneal injection of: (1) statin/saline (5 mg/kg) at 2 h after the contusion injury; (2) physiological saline at 2 h post-SCI; or (3) physiological saline without injury. Statin-treated rats showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in locomotion at week 4 post-SCI compared to vehicle-treated animals. Explaining this outcome, caspase-3 activity decreased by 50% (p < 0.05), and the histological TUNEL method revealed a decrease of approximately 20% in apoptotic cells at the injury site (p < 0.01) at 4 h post-SCI in atorvastatin-treated rats in comparison to vehicle-treated controls. These data demonstrate that atorvastatin is effective after experimental spinal cord contusion injury in preventing early apoptosis at the injury site within 2 h post-administration.     

小剂量超短波对脊髓损伤功能恢复及对血清iNOS、TNF-α、VEGF、BDNF表达的影响

目的　探讨小剂量超短波对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复效果及对血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）表达的影响。 方法　收集60例脊髓损伤患者，随机分为治疗组与对照组，每组30例。对照组给予基础康复治疗，治疗组加用小剂量超短波治疗，共治疗3个疗程。评估疗效并分析影响脊髓功能恢复的因素。 结果　治疗组总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）；康复治疗后，治疗组ASIA量表运动功能、感觉功能评分高于对照组（P<0.05）；血清VEGF、BDNF表达含量高于对照组（P<0.05），iNOS、TNF-α表达含量低于对照组（P<0.05）；小剂量超短波治疗是脊髓损伤患者预后的保护因素（P<0.05）。 结论　小剂量超短波辅助治疗可明显促进患者脊髓功能恢复，其机制可能与下调血清iNOS、TNF-α表达，上调VEGF、BDNF表达有关。     

Metallothionein-II improves motor function recovery and increases spared tissue after spinal cord injury in rats

After spinal cord injury (SCI), a complex cascade of pathophysiological processes rapidly damages the nervous tissue. The initial damage spreads to the surrounding tissue by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress. We have recently reported that the induction of metallothionein (MT) protein is an endogenous rapid-response mechanism after SCI. Since the participation of MT in neuroprotective processes after SCI is still unknown, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of exogenously administered MT-II during the acute phase after SCI in rats. Female Wistar rats weighing 200-250g were submitted to spinal cord contusion by means of a computer-controlled device (NYU impactor). Rats received several doses of MT-II (3.2, 10 and 100μg) at 2 and 8h after SCI. Results of the BBB scale were statistically analysed using an ANOVA of repeated-measures, followed by Tukey's test. Among the three doses tested, only 10 and 100μg were able to significantly increase (p<0.05) BBB scale scores eight weeks after SCI from a mean of 7.88 in the control group, to means of 12.63 and 10.88 for the 10 and 100μg doses of MT-II, respectively. The amount of spared tissue was also higher in the groups treated with 10 and 100μg, as compared to the control group values. Results from the present study demonstrate a significant neuroprotective effect of exogenously administered MT-II. Further studies are needed in order to characterize the mechanisms involved in this neuroprotective action.     

依达拉奉联合灯盏花素对脑缺血大鼠大脑皮质MCP-1的影响

目的　观察大鼠脑缺血（MCAO）后大脑皮质MCP-1的表达变化以及用依达拉奉联合灯盏花素干预后对MCP-1表达的影响。 方法　复制大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型,应用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫荧光技术检测大鼠MCAO及药物干预后MCP-1的表达变化。 结果　RT-PCR显示大鼠MCAO后大脑皮质MCP-1 mRNA的表达比对照组显著上升（P<0.05）,12 h达高峰,与1 d、3 d及1周组比有显著差异（P<0.05）;给予两种药物联合处理后,mRNA表达显著降低,与对照组及单独用药组相比均有显著差异（P<0.05）。 Western blot显示MCAO 1 d、3 d、1周大脑皮质MCP-1蛋白的表达显著增强,与对照组比有显著差异（P<0.05）;两种药物联合处理后,MCAO大鼠大脑皮质MCP-1蛋白表达明显减少,与对照组及单独用药相比均有显著差异（P<0.05）。免疫荧光染色显示MCAO大鼠缺血半暗带有大量激活小胶质细胞,一部分与MCP-1免疫阳性细胞有共表达,其中MCAO后1周组最明显。 结论　大鼠局灶性脑缺血（MCAO）后,依达拉奉联合灯盏花素治疗能有效减少大脑皮质MCP-1的表达,效果优于两种药物单独使用。     

电刺激促进大鼠脊髓钝挫伤后运动功能恢复

目的探究神经电刺激对大鼠脊髓顿挫伤(SCC)后的干预效果并探讨相应机制。方法将大鼠分为:假手术组、对照组和实验组。用Allen’s法复制大鼠T9脊髓钝挫伤模型。实验组用神经电刺激干预。定期观察大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况;用免疫组织化学染色技术以及蛋白质印记技术检测神经生长因子和巢蛋白的表达。结果脊髓损伤后,大鼠的运动功能迅速下降。随着时间的推移,实验组大鼠运动功能评分逐渐升高,第7天较对照组明显上调(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组神经生长因子和巢蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05)。结论电刺激可能创造有利于神经元存活和可塑性的微环境,有利于大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复。     

脊髓挫伤速度对颈脊髓原发性损伤影响的实验研究

目的　确定脊髓挫伤速度是脊髓损伤的因素,探讨不同速度的脊髓挫伤对大鼠颈脊髓原发性损伤的影响。  方法    20只成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为快速组（500 mm/s,n=8）、慢速组（5 mm/s,n=8）和对照组（n=4）。用直径为4 mm的平头圆锥打击头在C5水平产生1.5 mm的挫伤位移。损伤后即行心脏固定,切取以挫伤部位为中心长约1.5 cm的脊髓组织。行连续矢状位冰冻切片。HE染色观察脊髓大体形态,计算出血量。β-APP免疫组化后观察轴索损伤程度。  结果　挫伤后观察到脊髓表面有一带状出血,且快速组出血带颜色更深。快速组挫伤位移为(1.50±0.05) mm,最大力为(5.3±1.2) N;慢速组挫伤位移为(1.51±0.04) mm,最大力为(2.8±0.6) N,两组间最大力的差异有显著性（P=0.001）。HE染色显示脊髓出血大部分都集中在灰质,白质相对较少。快速组脊髓总出血量、灰质出血量和白质出血量分别为0.94、0.71和0.23 mm3,慢速组分别为0.55、0.43和0.12 mm3,其中两组间总出血量和灰质出血量的差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。β-APP免疫组化观察到快速组轴索断裂比慢速组更为严重。  结论　脊髓挫伤速度是影响脊髓原发性损伤的因素,快速的脊髓挫伤导致的原发性脊髓损伤更为严重,导致更多的脊髓出血和轴索断裂。