急性胰腺炎合并糖尿病酮症酸中毒的临床预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)合并糖尿病酮症酸中毒(diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA)的临床预后影响因素.方法 选取2017年1月至2020年12月期间于我院就诊的58例AP合并DKA患者为研究对象,根据预后分为死亡组与存活组.比较两组临床资料,采用多因素logis...     

基于SEER数据库分析男性睾丸卵黄囊瘤患者的临床特征及预后

目的:基于美国监测、流行病学和结局数据库(SEER数据库)分析男性睾丸卵黄囊瘤(TYST)患者的临床特征、预后及影响因素。方法:使用SEER数据库收集2000—2018年诊断为TYST的患者作为研究对象，根据患者年龄分为儿童组(≤18岁)和成人组(>18岁),采用卡方检验对比两组患者病例构成比，采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并用log-rank法进行检验，采用单因素和多因素Cox回归模型分析其预后影响因素。结果:共503例TYST患者纳入本研究，其中儿童组166例，成人组337例，儿童和成人组TYST患者的3、5、10年总生存率(overall survival, OS)分别为97.3%、96.3%、93.0%和84.9%、82.3%、78.9%。儿童组单纯手术治疗者5年OS优于手术联合化疗者(98.8%vs 92.2%,P=0.02);成人组单纯手术治疗者(96.3%)5年OS优于手术联合化疗者(78.6%),也优于单纯化疗者(45.9%)(均P<0.001)。单因素和多因素分析结果显示行淋巴结清扫(HR=0.086,95%CI:0.012-0.625,P=0...     

急性胰腺炎216例临床分析

目的探讨急性胰腺炎病因、血尿淀粉酶水平对AP的诊断价值、复发AP的特征以及AP的ERCP治疗。方法收集2005年1月至2007年1月间我院普外科急诊就诊的216例急性胰腺炎病例,对病因、血尿淀粉酶水平、复发AP以及ERCP治疗等进行回顾性分析。结果216例中胆源性115例;173例血、尿淀粉酶水平超过正常值上限的3倍(或)以上;反复发作AP 32例(14.8%);快速行ENBD有38例(88.4%),行EST 5例(11.6%)。结论胆道疾病仍是AP的主要病因;血、尿淀粉酶的测定仍然是最常用快速而行之有效的检验方法;为了减少AP复发,应先行ERCP检查联合胆汁抽吸显微镜观察及Oddi’s括约肌测压术,以明确病因;胆管结石或胆管下端狭窄所致的急性胰腺炎早期行EST和(或)ENBD有利于AP的治愈。     

急性胰腺炎217例病因与临床诊治分析

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的病因、临床特点和诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月217例AP患者的临床资料.结果 217例AP占同期收治外科急腹症的10.6％,其中男性占60.4％,女性占39.6％.平均年龄52.5岁.发病原因以胆源性、高脂血症、创伤性这三者多见.164例(75.6％)为轻症AP,53例(24.4％)为重症AP.151例69.6％)行手术或内镜治疗,66例(30.4％)行非手术治疗.治愈或好转203例(93.5％),53例重症AP共死亡14例(26.4％).结论 明确AP发作的病因并针对其病因、分型采取有效的治疗是减少并发症、提高治愈率的关键.     

急性胰腺炎临床特征的单中心研究(附4800例报告)

目的:研究急性胰腺炎(AP)病人的临床流行病学特征。方法:收集1996~2012年本院收治的4 800例AP病人,分析性别、年龄、病因学及预后等临床特征及变化趋势。结果 :男2 832例(59.0%),女1 968例(41.0%),平均年龄分别为(51.5±16.6)岁、(54.1±17.4)岁,发病年龄随时间无明显变化。胆源性(69.0%)、高脂血症性(7.4%)及酒精性(2.3%)是前三位原因。胆源性AP比例稳定(1996~2000年61.9%,2001~2006年70.7%,2007~2012年70.8%);高脂血症性AP比例明显上升AP(1996~2000年2.6%,2001~2006年6.6%,2007~2012年14.1%);酒精性AP比例轻度上升(1996~2000年1.4%,2001~2006年1.7%,2007~2012年3.3%)。各病因之间死亡率无统计学差异(P=0.18)。总体死亡率为4.7%,呈现下降趋势(1996~2000年5.3%,2001~2006年4.8%,2007~2012年4.2%)。平均住院时间为(25.0±34.5)d,住院费用为(75 750±18 000)元(2012可比价格计算),两者均呈下降趋势。结论 :51~60岁为AP最多发年龄段,胆源性是最主要病因,高脂血症性AP增加最显著。     

强脉冲光与点阵激光治疗面部皮肤光老化疗效对比分析

目的:对比分析强脉冲光与点阵激光治疗面部皮肤光老化患者的临床疗效.方法:选择2015年1月-2020年1月笔者医院收治的83例面部皮肤光老化患者为研究对象,根据随机数字法将患者分为研究组(43例)和对照组(40例),研究组采用点阵激光治疗,对照组采用强脉冲光治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效、并发症发生率及美观满意度相关指标差...     

CT灌注成像诊断急性胰腺炎的灵敏度和特异度分析

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术诊断急性胰腺炎(AP)的临床价值。方法:选取2014年1月—2017年12月收治的90例急性胰腺炎患者[AP组,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者63例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)27例]的多层螺旋CT灌注成像资料进行回顾性分析,同期证实非胰腺炎、胰腺正常的40例作为对照研究对象(对照组),对比两组多层螺旋CT灌注成像参数:血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS),并根据AP患者病情进行分层分析;以临床确诊结果作为金标准计算多层螺旋CT灌注成像鉴别诊断AP的临床价值。结果:AP组BV、BF、MTT测定值均显著低于对照组(P0.05);AP组的PS值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);SAP患者的BV、BF测定值均显著低于MAP组患者(P0.05);SAP组和MAP组的PS值、MTT值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);以临床最终确诊结果作为诊断金标准,多层螺旋CT灌注成像鉴别诊断AP患者的灵敏度为91.11%,特异度为92.50%、漏诊率为8.89%,误诊率为7.50%。结论:急性胰腺炎患者多层螺旋CT灌注成像BV、BF参数较正常胰腺组织降低,并且与胰腺炎病情有关,对AP具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

急性胰腺炎伴血清三酰甘油升高病人的临床特征分析

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)伴有血清三酰甘油(TG)升高者的临床特点。方法:收集2000年1月至2002年1月期间本院外科99例AP,按入院时血清TG是否高于1.7mmol/L而将其分为TG升高组(28例和TG正常组71例)。结果:9例TG升高,占同期80例AP病人的11.3%。TG升高组在发病72h内,肺、心血管和肾脏功能障碍的发生率高于TG正常组(分别为25.0%比1.4%、17.9%比1.4%,和14.3%比1.4%,P<0.05),假性囊肿的发生率增高(53.6%比4.2%,P<0.05),有采用非手术治疗的趋势。结论:AP病人伴血清TG升高者的早期脏器功能障碍发生率增高,局部并发症率升高,常采用非手术治疗。     

6例透明带基因突变患者IVF-ET临床特征及助孕结局分析

目的 探讨透明带(ZP)基因突变患者行IVF-ET的临床特征及助孕结局.方法 选取2015年1月至2020年3月于本院生殖医学中心行IVF-ET助孕治疗的6例空卵泡综合征(EFS)或ZP异常患者为研究对象.采用全外显子组测序并筛选致病性突变位点,并利用Sanger测序进行验证;分析ZP基因突变患者行IVF-ET的临床特...     

同型半胱氨酸、D- 二聚体与急性胰腺炎严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、D- 二聚体(D-dimer)与急性胰腺炎(AP)严重程度的相关性。方法:选取2018 年10 月—2020 年7 月天津市南开医院住院和门诊收治的AP 患者87 例,根据病情严重程度分为轻度AP48 例、重度AP 组39 例;选取同期健康体检者50 例为对照组,检测各组的血清Hcy 和D-dimer 水平并进行比较,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC 曲线)分析Hcy、D-dimer 对AP 病情严重程度的预测价值。结果:AP 组患者的血清Hcy、D-dmier 水平明显高与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01),87 例AP 患者的血清Hcy 和D-dmier 的阳性率为71.26%、58.62%。AP 组患者血清Hcy、D-dimer 阳性率高于CON 组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。SAP 组与MAP 组患者的血清Hcy、D-dmier 阳性率差异无统计学意义。Hcy、D-dmier 的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.956、0.722,差异有统计学意义,Hcy 诊断AP 的敏感度为92.0%,特异度为92.0%,分别高于D-dmier 的78.2% 及68.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Hcy 检测对AP 早期预测及严重程度评估的价值优于D-dmier 检测。结论:AP 患者Hcy 和D-dmier 水平高于对照组,且随着疾病严重程度的加深而增高,Hcy 检测诊断AP 的临床价值优于D-dmier 检测。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.