带血管骨移植在四肢骨肿瘤治疗中应用

目的 临床观察带血管骨移植修复四肢骨肿瘤瘤段切除后骨缺损的治疗价值。方法 对４８例不同类型的骨肿瘤行局部彻底切刮除,或骨膜外瘤段切除后所致的骨缺损分别采用带血管蒂髂骨瓣转位移植６例,游离移植３例;带血管胫骨瓣游离移植１例;带血管蒂腓骨瓣同侧顺逆行转位移植９例,游离腓骨移植２２例,双腓骨瓣组合移植４例。腓骨皮瓣游离移植３例进行修复治疗。结果 移植骨与主骨均获得愈合,时间为２．５－４．２个月,平均３．     

四肢骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的显微外科治疗

自１９８０年２月～１９８９年３月应用显微外科技术治疗四肢骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损共３９例。其中良性骨肿瘤２０例，恶性１９例。吻合血管的腓骨移植２２例，髂骨移植６例；带血管蒂的腓骨移植４例，髂骨移植７例。术后随访时间２～９年。结果成功３７例，恶性骨肿瘤术后局部复发行截肢１例，肺转移死亡１例，成功率为９４．８％。骨愈合时间较传统的骨移植缩短，平均为２．８个月。恶性骨肿瘤术后两年以上无瘤存活率达８９．４％。     

四支骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的显微外科治疗

自１９８０年２月～１９８９年３月应用显微外科技术治疗四肢骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损共３９例。其中良性骨肿瘤２０例，恶性１９例。吻合血管的腓骨移植２２例，髂骨移植６例；带血管蒂的腓骨移植４例，髂骨移植７例。术后随访时间２～９年。结果成功３７例，恶性骨肿瘤术后局部复发行截肢１例，肺转移死亡１例，成功率为９４．８％。骨愈合时间较传统的骨移植缩短，平均为２．８个月。恶性肿瘤术后两年以上无瘤存活率达８９．４％。     

骨肿瘤病段切除并骨缺损修复

目的 修复切除骨肿瘤后的骨缺损肢体,恢复其功能。方法 采用特制人工金属假体,带血管蒂游离骨、异体关节、自体骨、骨水泥等修复骨缺损。结果 26例中应用带血管蒂游离骨或自体骨植骨术愈合最佳并且无复发;异体骨移植有一定的排异反应;骨水泥堵塞只适用于特殊部位骨缺损的修复;人工假体修复,功能恢复良好。结论 对某些良性骨肿瘤及低度恶性的骨肿瘤作病段切除后,选择适当的替代物修复缺损行之有效。     

游离腓骨复合移植重建上肢关节功能及骨缺损

目的：吻合血管的腓骨复合移植适用于一期修复上肢长骨骨缺损及重建关节功能。方法：自１９８５年以来，采用折叠腓骨段及复合组织瓣修复尺桡骨同时骨缺损４例；小儿肱骨近端肿瘤瘤段切除后采用吻合血管带腓骨小头的腓骨移植重建肩关节功能９例；桡骨远端肿瘤瘤段切除后取吻合血管带腓骨小头的腓骨移植重建桡腕关节６例。结果：经术后２～１０年随访，重建的肩关节、桡腕关节功能恢复令人满意，尺桡骨骨缺损一期修复，骨愈合良好。结论：复合的游离腓骨移植是扩大应用于关节功能重建的有效方法。     

带蒂腓骨移位修复胫骨股骨长段骨缺损

目的 总结修复胫骨上段,中段及股骨下段长段骨缺损的效果。方法 自１９７４年５月￣１９９７年８月应用四种带蒂腓骨局部移位术修复胫骨,股骨头段骨缺损２５例,其中胫骨上端良性骨肿瘤,瘤段切除后带蒂腓骨移位,膝关节融合９例,胫骨干良性长段骨肿瘤或瘤样病变者,截除后带肌蒂腓骨移位,行胫腓骨融合术９例,胫骨中下段广泛良性骨肿瘤或瘤样病变,截除后血管蒂腓骨向远端内侧移位,胫腓骨融合２例,股骨下端良性骨肿瘤,切除     

腓骨移植治疗肢体侵袭性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤

目的：比较游离腓骨或吻合血管腓骨移植治疗切除四肢侵袭性骨肿瘤或恶性骨肿瘤后引起的长段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法：对１８例吻合血管移植及４例游离腓骨移植术的病例术后，采用ＥＣＴ、彩色多普勒血管超声检查、Ｘ线照片检查及随访，时间为术后２～１２年，移植骨最长达２６ｃｍ。结果：侵袭性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤１８例，肿瘤切除后用吻合血管腓骨移植重建缺损，１５例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤患者作游离腓骨移植重建缺损，结果前者愈合良好，移植骨片与受骨接合牢固，游离腓骨移植则愈合较差。结论：吻合血管腓骨移植可一期重建因骨肿瘤或骨恶性肿瘤广泛切除后造成的６ｃｍ以上的骨缺损，其优越性远远超过游离腓骨移植。     

Ilizarov技术在四肢骨肿瘤中的应用

<正>良、恶性骨肿瘤可引起四肢骨缺损和畸形,针对此类问题骨科医生总会面临如何选择最佳手术方案和骨缺损重建方式。手术切除瘤体骨造成节段性骨缺损常常用假体置换、自体带蒂腓骨移植、同种异体骨移植重建,而Ilizarov技术可作为一种辅助重建方式。Ilizarov技术有多种重建骨缺损、矫正骨畸形的方法,包括骨延长或骨搬运重建恶性骨肿瘤瘤段骨切除后的     

应用显微外科技术修复骨肿瘤骨缺损

目的：介绍骨肿瘤骨缺损的显微外科治疗及临床疗效。方法：回顾性的总结15例骨肿瘤巨大骨缺损的显微外科手术治疗资料。病灶处理：切刮12例，段截3例。作带血管蒂的的骨块转位移植12例，吻合血管的游离腓骨移植3例。结果：全部病例获长期随访，平均随访3年。所有病例在术后3～4月达骨愈合，无一例复发。结论：应用显微外科技术修复骨肿瘤巨大骨缺损，能缩短骨愈合时间，复发少，患功能恢复好。     

同侧带血管蒂腓骨移位手术治疗胫骨骨缺损

１９８７～１９９２年作者采用同侧带血管蒂腓骨移位治疗胫骨大块缺损１２例,取得较好疗效。１　临床资料１２例病人男７例,女５例。年龄１０～２７岁,平均１８５岁。骨感染骨缺损４例,外伤性骨缺损３例,巨大骨囊肿２例,骨纤维结构不良３例。骨缺损长度４～１４ｃｍ,平均６５ｃｍ。均选用顺行血管蒂移位。除移植同侧腓骨外,断端均加作游离髂骨植骨。随访１～７年,平均３年。１２例移植腓骨全部存活愈合,其中８例５周就可见明显骨痂生长。骨愈合时间７～１５周,平均１１５周。全部病例患肢恢复负重功能。本组发生并发症２例…     

Mandibular reconstruction with the free vascularized fibular flap: utility of three-dimensional computerized tomography

Oncologic management in the mandibular area leaves important osseous defects, that require reconstructive procedures with vascularized osseous tissues. Mandibular reconstructions with free vascularized fibular flaps have well-defined indications and some advantages over various other types of vascularized osseous grafts, because the fibular graft permits the reconstruction of large mandibular defects. This study demonstrates the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) tomography as a tool to determine the size of the defect, and with angiotomography, to define the anatomic pattern of the vascular pedicle. Five patients with varying mandibular tumors and osseous defects were evaluated with 3D tomography in the pre- and postoperative periods. Two patients were immediately reconstructed with vascularized fibular flaps. 3D preoperative tomography showed the dimensions of the tumor, the dimensions of the mandibular resection, and the graft vascular pattern. Three patients were secondarily reconstructed, two of them with partial mandibular defects, and one patient with total mandibular reconstruction. In the preoperative period, 3D tomography was used to determine the dimensions of the mandibular defect, as well as the area of the osteotomies. The technology permits an exact knowledge of the dimension of mandibular defects, allowing better planning of reconstructive procedures.     

吻合血管骨瓣移植修复骨折不愈合或大块骨组织缺损

目的　探讨吻合血管的骨瓣移植的临床应用。方法　 1994年 11月～ 1997年 10月 ,应用吻合血管的腓骨或髂骨移植治疗骨折不愈合或肿瘤切除引起的大块骨缺损 17例 ,其中骨折不愈合 10例 ,肿瘤切除术后骨缺损 7例(良性 4例 ,恶性 3例 )。12例采用吻合血管的腓骨移植 ,移植腓骨长 12～ 2 9cm;5例采用吻合血管的髂骨移植 ,骨瓣范围7cm× 3cm～ 9cm× 5 cm。结果　全部病例术后经 10个月～ 5年随访 ,平均 3年 7个月 ,10例骨折不愈合患者均达到临床骨愈合 ;4例良性肿瘤及 1例恶性肿瘤引起的骨缺损愈合修复 ,另 2例恶性肿瘤患者分别于术后 10个月及 12个月死于肺部转移。结论　吻合血管的骨移植是一种有效治疗骨折不愈合或骨组织缺损的方法之一。     

肱骨骨不连的手术治疗

目的探讨肱骨骨不连的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法1998年12月～2005年5月共收治肱骨骨不连患者25例,均为肱骨骨折内固定术后发生骨不连,其中3例并发骨髓炎,6例合并不同程度肱骨骨缺损,骨缺损长度为3～6cm。骨不连病程8个月～5年。15例行吻合血管游离腓骨移植,10例采用加压交锁髓内针进行肱骨固定并辅以自体骨植骨。结果术后25例均得到随访,时间6个月～6年2个月。吻合血管游离腓骨移植组中移植的腓骨段均与肱骨干形成骨性愈合,平均骨性愈合时间为3．1个月；交锁髓内针组平均骨愈合时间为3．8个月。按Crates和Whittle肩肘关节功能评价标准,腓骨移植组：优9例,良4例,差2例；交锁髓内针组：优5例,良3例,差2例。结论应用加压交锁髓内针辅以自体骨移植对硬化性肱骨骨不连是一种有效的外科治疗方法；对合并骨髓炎、大段骨缺损及严重骨质疏松的肱骨骨不连,采用吻合血管游离腓骨移植可一期进行修复与重建。     

Free combined anterolateral thigh flap and vascularized iliac bone graft with double vascular pedicle

Although free vascularized iliac bone graft has been successfully used for the reconstruction of large bone defect with microvascular surgery, there is a serious problem of how to repair in one-stage, those cases having a large bone defect with a very wide skin defect. A free combined anterolateral flap and vascularized iliac bone graft with double vascular pedicles seems to be a most suitable method for cases having both large bone and skin defects. Two case reports are presented in which this flap was used. Based on the authors' cases, the advantages of this flap are its thinness and the extreme wideness of the skin territory. The anatomy of the pedicle vessels is large and long, and the donor scar can be made in an unexposed area. This flap can be considered for use in one-stage reconstructions of both large bone and skin defects in the oral and leg regions.     

Simultaneous reconstruction of bone and skin defects by free fibular graft with a skin flap

It has been very difficult to accomplish simultaneous reconstruction of a massive defect of the long bone associated with a large skin defect. Yoshimura et al reported a new procedure using a vascularized free fibular transplant with a monitoring flap. This procedure was used in four cases that had resulted in massive bone and skin defects after wide resection of benign and malignant bone tumors occurring in the long bones. Our results using the composite vascularized fibular graft were gratifying.     

Free vascularized bone transfer in limb salvage surgery of the upper extremity

Salvage of the upper extremity following tumor resection may require reconstruction of massive bone defects. This more commonly results from malignant bone tumors, but defects requiring reconstruction also may occur following resection of locally aggressive benign tumors. Examples include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, giant cell tumor, and certain soft tissue sarcomas invading bone. Obtaining satisfactory results using conventional bone grafting techniques is at best challenging when defects of substantial size are encountered. Free vascularized bone grafting procedures provide the appealing option of transferring living bone based on a vascular pedicle.     

Clinical applications of vascularized bone autografts

Our experience with microvascular transfer of fibular grafts and composite osteocutaneous iliac flaps has shown that massive autogenous bone grafting with an intact vascular pedicle decreases the time to bony union and the duration of immobilization required for functional reconstruction of an extremity. The technique has proven reliable (87 per cent success rate) in the reconstruction of bone defects of greater than 6 to 8 cm following tumor resection or defects existing in a fibrotic, avascular bed. More importantly, these techniques have been applied for limb salvage in patients with tumors or with severely traumatized extremities that were not candidates for more traditional methods of bone grafting. In many cases, amputation would have been the only alternative.     

带血管蒂骨膜、骨瓣移植和血管束植入修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的 将松质骨移植到骨缺损处,再将带血管蒂骨膜,骨瓣移植和血管束植入,以探讨不同方法对骨缺损修复过程的影响。方法 制作兔桡骨骨缺损模型,移植松质骨后,分别用带血管蒂的骨膜,骨瓣移植和血管束植入,单纯松质骨移植作对照,术后４,８,１６周进行大体标本,Ｘ线,光镜及电镜观察。结果 骨膜移植组血运建立快,成骨面积大,骨缺损修复快,质量最好。骨瓣移植组是通过带血管蒂的骨瓣移植增加了血液供应,成骨较快且好;但     

Reconstruction of large infected tibia defects.

Twenty-nine patients are reported who underwent free tissue transfer reconstruction of contaminated tibia defects with both soft tissue defects and osteomyelitis. Infection was controlled through the use of a two-stage composite tissue reconstruction. In the first stage, the wounds were closed with the free muscle or skin flap. Bone defects were bridged with vascularized bone grafts within 6 to 12 weeks after soft tissue closure. Twenty patients underwent reconstruction using iliac crest, whereas nine patients were treated with fibular transfer. The follow-up period for 28 patients ranged from 10 months to 6 years until bone union was completed. The bone united smoothly in 22 patients, but union of the other six grafts was delayed and required additional cancellous bone grafting.     

Surgical anatomy of the internal oblique muscle: a practical approach

In recent years pedicled and microvascular free muscle flaps, myocutaneous flaps, and vascularized bone grafts have become well accepted reconstructive techniques in the management of complex defects. The deep circumflex iliac artery-based internal oblique muscle pedicle flap, internal oblique free muscle pedicle flap, internal oblique free muscle flap, and the internal oblique-iliac crest microvascular free flap are the latest additions to the reconstructive surgeons' armamentarium. This report describes the surgical anatomy of the internal oblique muscle and the deep circumflex iliac artery from a practical viewpoint with particular emphasis on the vascular basis of the above mentioned flaps.