Influence of Incisional Complications on Infrainguinal Vein Bypass Graft Outcome

p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, veteran hospital status, female gender, leukocytosis, and prior ipsilateral bypass were independent risk factors for incisional complications (p < 0.05). The increased incidence of incisional complications in the veteran's hospital group was associated with anemia, leukocytosis, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased incidence of tissue loss (p < 0.05). By life-table analysis, incisional complications did not influence primary patency (p= 0.73), secondary patency (p= 0.91), limb salvage (p= 0.69), or survival (p= 0.92). However, a significant suppurative soft-tissue infection ultimately resulted in a high rate of major amputation.     

Usefulness of Peak-to-Peak Pulsatility Index in Infrainguinal Bypass Graft Surveillance

Purpose. We conducted this study to find out whether the peak-to-peak pulsatility index (PPI) predicted graft failure and which factors affected the PPI.Methods. Color-duplex sonography was used to take 520 scans of 74 infrainguinal bypasses, 62 of which were femoropopliteal bypasses and 12 of which were femorocrural bypasses. Vessel diameter and velocity waveform were measured in the graft as well as in the proximal and distal arteries.Results. There were 13 cases of graft failure. The PPI in the mid-graft was significantly different in the normal group (12.30 ± 8.77) and the graft failure group (4.17 ± 1.79). A PPI of less than 7.0 in the mid-graft was defined as graft failure, with a sensitivity of 96.0% and a specificity of 77.6%. There was no correlation between the graft diameter and the PPI. The average mode frequency was inversely correlated with the PPI (PPI = 44.8 × Mode F^–1 + 3.50, correlation co-efficient: 0.78).Conclusion. One point measurement of the PPI in the mid-graft could be a simple and useful parameter for diagnosing graft failure, based on our finding that the waveform was very similar in the proximal artery, the entire graft, and the distal artery. PPI was inversely correlated with average mode frequency because reverse flow decreased or diminished when a significant stenosis existed.     

Arm Vein as a Last Autogenous Option for Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery: It is Worth the Effort

OBJECTIVES: Considerable evidence exists for the use of arm vein conduit in lower limb bypass surgery. The use of arm vein in preference to synthetic conduit as a last autogenous option was assessed for patency and limb salvage outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective database was interrogated and checked against TQEH operating theatre database to detect all infrainguinal arm vein bypasses performed between 1997 and 2005. Patency, limb salvage and survival data for 37 arm vein bypasses was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate method. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths. 30 day patency rates were 89% primary, 95% secondary and 95% limb salvage. 12 month patency rates were 56% primary, 79% secondary and 91% limb salvage. 5 year patency rates were 37% primary, 76% secondary and 91% limb salvage. There was no significant patency advantage for primary vs. "redo" grafts (p=0.54), single vessel vs. spliced conduits (p=0.33) or popliteal vs tibial outflow (p=0.80). Patient survival rate was 92% and 65% at 1 and 5 years respectively. CONCLUSION: Lower limb bypasses using arm vein can be performed with favourable patency and limb salvage compared to synthetic conduits. However, secondary interventions are frequently required to maintain patency. We recommend a vigilant surveillance program for early identification of patency threatening disease.     

Superdrainage Using the Cephalic Vein Due to Unsuitable Internal Thoracic Vein for Microvascular Anastomosis in Esophageal Reconstruction Using Pedicled Jejunum

The progress and popularization of microvascular surgical techniques may improve the outcomes of esophageal reconstruction using non-gastric tube (GT) grafts. A pedicled jejunum (PJ) with microvascular anastomoses is frequently selected as a reconstructed conduit for esophageal reconstruction when the GT is unavailable, and the internal thoracic (IT) vein is frequently selected as a recipient blood vessel for microvascular anastomosis. However, the IT vein may be inadequate for microvascular anastomosis because of its absence or underdevelopment. Since it is difficult to preoperatively predict such rare cases, it becomes necessary to urgently and rapidly prepare an alternative blood vessel. Herein, we present surgical procedures for superdrainage using the cephalic vein (CeV). Due the superficial nature of the CeV, it is both easy to identify and collect sufficient length. Thus, the CeV is very useful as an urgent substitute blood vessel when the IT vein is unavailable for microvascular anastomosis in esophageal reconstruction.     

Application of a Simplified Hand‐Sewn Trileaflet Valved Conduit in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction as an Alternative for Bovine Jugular Vein Graft: Single‐Center Experience

The Bovine jugular vein (BJV) graft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (RVOT) is limited applied due to possible graft failure. In this study, we reported the clinical application of simplified hand‐sewn trileaflet valved conduit as an alternative for BJV graft. We retrospectively included 68 patients underwent 76 conduits implantation including 22 new simplified hand‐sewn trileaflet valved conduits (Group A) and 54 BJV grafts (Group B). For patients in Group A, a hand‐sewn trileaflet valved conduit with valves made of autologous pericardium or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene was applied. Baseline, perioperative, and outcomes were analyzed. No early mortality or perioperative complication occurred in Group A, while 2 patients died and 16 patients suffered from conduits failure due to conduits stenosis (n = 11), stenosis plus regurgitation (n = 3), and regurgitation alone (n = 2) in Group B. Freedom from BJV grafts failure within 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 98.0%, 88.2%, 83.6% and 83.6% in Group A, and 98.0%, 85.8%, 76.8% and 62.1% in Group B. Endocarditis occurred in 9 patients in Group B, but not in Group A. Subsequent analysis showed that endocarditis is the only significant predictor of BJV grafts failure (odds ratio: 6.202, 95% confidence intervals 1.237～31.108). The novel simplified hand‐sewn trileaflet valved conduits seems to be associated with lower incidences of perioperative complication, graft failure, and early‐phase mortality, as compared with conventional BJV grafts.     

Hepatic Venous Outflow Reconstruction in Right Lobe Living-Donor Liver Graft Using Recipient''s Superficial Femoral Vein

Venous congestion of a liver graft from a life donor is a disastrous complication with a high risk of graft failure. For safety reasons, the middle hepatic vein (MHV) is currently unanimously left with the donor. As this vessel provides major venous draining of the right anterior sector, reconstruction of significant MHV tributaries is controversial. We describe here successful venous outflow reconstruction in adult-to-adult right lobe living-donor liver transplantation (RL-LDLT) using the recipient's superficial femoral vein (SFV). Six months after transplantation, graft function and perfusion are excellent, and the patient is free of venous morbidity related to the harvest of the SFV.     

Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery for Chronic Arterial Occlusive Disease Associated with Essential Thrombocythemia: Report of a Case

A 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a 3-year history of intermittent claudication, and his angiogram showed a total occlusion of the bilateral infrainguinal arteries. In addition, based on a platelet count of 172 × 10⁴/mm³ as well as the characteristic bone marrow findings, he was diagnosed to have essential thrombocythemia. After the platelet count and aggregation response improved on administration of ranimustine and antiplatelet agents, infrainguinal bypass surgery was performed using the saphenous vein and prosthetic grafts. The bilateral grafts had been patent for 10 months postoperatively, but his discontinuance of medication caused an acute occlusion of the prosthetic graft. The graft was salvaged with a prompt thrombectomy and, now under strict medication control, he is leading an active life.     

牛颈静脉带瓣补片在复杂先天性心脏病患者右心室流出道重建中的应用

目的评价牛颈静脉带瓣补片应用于重建右心室流出道的近期效果。方法回顾性分析2009年5月至2010年3月武汉亚洲心脏病医院行牛颈静脉带瓣补片重建右心室流出道60例患者的临床资料,男42例,女18例;年龄5个月～33(6.2±8.9)岁,其中34例<1岁;体重(27.5±24.0)kg。术前临床诊断为法洛四联症38例,右心室双出口合并肺动脉狭窄22例。所有患者均行一期完全修复术,有4例因为侧枝循环较多,术前采取介入侧枝封堵。全组患者肺动脉瓣瓣环直径均小于正常值2个标准差,均采取跨瓣环补片重建右心室流出道。随访时间18～26(21.2±4.6)个月。结果手术无死亡,也无因流出道严重狭窄和严重肺动脉瓣反流需再次手术者。有3例患者术后早期因为侧枝循环较多,拔除气管内插管后出现肺水肿,再次气管内插管;4例患者因出血需二次开胸止血,其他患者术后均顺利康复出院。体外循环时间(84.0±22.0)min,主动脉阻断时间(42.0±12.0)min。术后即刻右心室流出道压力阶差(18.0±4.5)mm Hg,术后最后一次随访的经胸超声心动图检查提示,右心室流出道压力阶差为(19.2±5.4)mm Hg,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后即刻肺动脉瓣反流程度:轻微反流32例(1+),轻度反流28例(2+);术后最后一次随访的经胸超声心动图检查提示,反流程度:轻微28例(1+),轻度27例(2+),中度5例(3+);两者反流程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。牛颈静脉带瓣补片及瓣叶组织均未见钙化,瓣叶活动良好。无牛颈静脉血栓形成及感染性心内膜炎发生。结论对法洛四联症和右心室双出口合并肺动脉狭窄的患者,牛颈静脉带瓣补片是右心室流出道跨瓣环重建的一种良好材料,无相关的严重并发症发生,近期右心室流出道压力阶差没有明显增加,肺动脉瓣抗反流性能良好;远期效果还需进一步随访观察。     

Arthroscopic Anatomical Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction using a Button Device and a Semitendinosus Graft

ObjectiveTo report a new technique for anatomical acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction.MethodsIn order to minimize such complications, the authors describe a new anatomical and biological AC joint repair. This technique aims to provide greater stability by using two anatomically placed clavicular tunnels and a combined construct with a double endobutton cortical fixation for primary stabilization, and to be biologically advantageous by using an autologous semitendinosus (ST) tendon graft. Additionally, the coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is complemented with an AC joint cerclage and capsular reinforcement, which will protect the biological construction in its initial stage of healing.ResultsThis technique provides adequate primary and secondary biomechanical stability by passing both a semitendinosus autogenous graft and a double endobutton device, through anatomically placed and small diameter clavicle holes, without the need for coracoid drilling. Our technique showed encouraging results regarding pain resolution, range of motion, and function. At final follow‐up we experienced excellent results with average pain score of 1.6, and average ROM of 159° of forward flexion, 160° of abduction, 68° of external rotation, and internal rotation level at T11. Postoperative function also showed great improvements with average ASES of 85 points, an average Constant Score of 87 and a Subjective Shoulder Value of 89 points. This technique also achieved perfectly acceptable radiographic results, with an average coracoclavicular distance increase of 0.8 mm. Regarding complications, our sample showed one case of AC join subluxation, two cases of internal saphenous nerve injury, and two partial graft tears at the suture‐button interface, with none of these requiring surgical revision.ConclusionThis technique is advantageous in treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation and can be performed in both the subacute and chronic setting.     

Prosthetic Graft for Superior Mesenteric-Portal Vein Reconstruction in Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Retrospective,Multicenter Study

Background

The use of prosthetic grafts for superior mesenteric-portal vein reconstruction (SMPVR) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with venous resection remains controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interposition grafts for SMPVR after PD.

Methods

We identified 76 patients who underwent PD with segmental vein resection for pancreatic head and periampullary neoplasms at three centers between January 2007 and June 2012. The venous reconstruction technique depended on the length of venous involvement. Forty-two and 34 patients underwent SMPVR with primary anastomosis and SMPVR with PTFE interposition grafts, respectively. The postoperative morbidity, mortality, and patency were compared. For the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n?=?65), survival was compared between the SMPVR with primary anastomosis (n?=?36) and SMPVR with PTFE interposition graft groups (n?=?29).

Results

Patients undergoing SMPVR with PTFE grafts had larger tumor sizes (3.4?±?0.9 cm, 2.9?±?0.9 cm, P?=?0.016), longer operative durations (492.9?±?107.5 min, 408.8?±?78.8 min, P?<?0.001), and greater blood loss (986.8?±?884.5 ml, 616.7?±?485.5 ml, P?=?0.040) compared to those undergoing SMPVR with primary anastomosis. However, 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality did not differ (29.4 and 2.9 %, respectively, for PTFE grafts and 33.3 and 7.1 %, respectively, for primary anastomosis). There were no cases of graft infection. The estimated cumulative patency of SMPVR 6 and 12 months after surgery did not differ (87.9 and 83.5 % after PTFE grafts, respectively, and 94.4 and 86.4 % after primary anastomosis, respectively). For patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, there were no significant differences in the median survival time (11 vs. 12 months) or the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates (35.7, 12.5, and 4.2 vs. 36.4, 17.3, and 8.7 %, respectively) for the PTFE and primary anastomosis groups.

Conclusions

PTFE grafts could provide a safe and effective option for venous reconstruction after PD in patients with segmental vein resection.     

植皮区单株毛发移植修复眉毛缺损的观察

目的：观察单株毛发移植在植皮区的存活情况及再造眉毛的效果。方法：选择植皮区皮下软组织的厚度在3mm以上的患者,在枕后毛发安全供区（SDA）内局麻下切取一条带毛发的完整头皮。助手利用刀具分离出单株毛发,种植区肿胀麻醉后,术者用注射器针具按眉毛生长方向在植皮区上打孔,15～25孔／cm^2,将单株毛发种植于毛发缺损区。结果：2007～2009年间4例眉区植皮患者6只眉毛通过本方法治疗,术后随访9个月～2年,4只眉毛一次手术效果满意,2只眉毛需二次加密。所有毛发存活良好,毛发单次种植存活率接近90％,眉毛形态自然、美观。结论：在植皮区皮下软组织厚度3mm以上,密度15～25孔／cm^2的情况下,单株毛发移植在植皮区上的存活率接近90％,再造眉毛形态自然、美观。近似于真实眉毛效果。     

Impact of Right Lobe with Middle Hepatic Vein Graft in Living-Donor Liver Transplantation

Technical improvements in adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have led to the use of right-lobe grafts to overcome the problems encountered with 'small-for-size grafts'. The major controversy remains that the venous drainage from anterior segment substantially depends on tributaries of the middle hepatic vein (MHV), and deprivation of such tributaries may critically influence the postoperative graft function. Right-lobe grafts with MHV could resolve the potential problem of congestion in anterior segment. From December 2000 to January 2004, we performed 217 right-lobe LDLTs for adult patients. Of these, 40 patients received a right lobe with MHV graft (18.4%). The overall cumulative 3-year graft survival rate of a right lobe with (n = 40) and without MHV (n = 177) was 86.2% and 74.8% (p = NS). The proximal side of the MHV and the drainage vein of segment IV to the MHV (the left medial superior vein) were preserved in 24 patients. All of them needed venous interposition graft for anastomosis. All patients had a patent right hepatic vein (RHV) and MHV anastomosis during the follow-up period. We adopted the right lobe with MHV graft in 40 LDLT cases. Vein graft is essential for safe MHV anastomosis in cases which preserve proximal side of the MHV.     

应用复合脱蛋白骨移植治疗新鲜长骨骨折——一种前瞻性临床比较研究

比较观察复合脱蛋白牛松质骨和自体松质骨移植治疗长骨新鲜骨折的疗效。采用前瞻性临床实验 ,按随机数字表分为实验组和对照组 ,实验组接受脱蛋白牛松质骨复合自体红骨髓治疗 ,对照组接受自体松质骨治疗。实验组有 1 54人共 1 64处骨折、对照组有 1 53人共 1 62处骨折接受了治疗 ,经平均随访 2 0个月 ,两组骨折愈合率及各种并发症均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5) ,但自体骨移植组手术时间明显长于牛松质骨组 (P <0 0 5) ,且供骨部有 3 0 %出现疼痛并有 2例感染。认为对于需骨移植的长骨新鲜性骨折应用脱蛋白牛松质骨复合自体红骨髓移植治疗 ,其疗效、安全性和自体骨移植相同 ,且能减少手术时间和取骨时产生的并发症     

Hepatic Artery Reconstruction With Autologous Inferior Mesenteric Artery Graft in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients

Introduction

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), hepatic arterial continuity is crucial to avoid biliary leakage, biliary stricture, cholangitis, and graft and patient loss. Sometimes there exist factors making anastomosis difficult or even impossible. In these cases, a vascular graft may be needed to bridge the two arteries for revascularization.

The Use of Recipient Superficial Femoral Vein as a Venous Graft for Portal Vein Reconstruction in Right Lobe Living Donor Liver Transplantation

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in the recipient is frequently regarded as a contraindication. To reconstruct the PV of a right-lobe liver graft (RLG) using an interposition or jump graft from the splenomesenteric junction, various vein grafts and technical modifications have been introduced. The internal jugular, external iliac, or great saphenous veins have been utilized in such reconstructive procedures. However, the superficial femoral vein (SFV) is preferable to the autologous vein grafts in terms of caliber, wall thickness, and length. We employed the recipient SFV to reconstruct PVT among 40 adult LDLT using RLG. Thirty-three were reconstructed by single end-to-end anastomosis with the right or left recipient PV. Three patients were transplanted with a RLG using 2 separated PVs reconstructed by double anastomoses with both the right and left PVs of the recipient. The remaining 4 patients required venous grafting for portal reconstruction. We used the recipient SFV as an interposition or jump graft from the splenomesenteric junction to the graft PV. There were 2 cases of anastomotic PV stenosis; 1 in portal reconstruction without a venous graft and the other with a SFV graft. Both were treated successfully by balloon angioplasty. The recipient SFV is an excellent size match for the PV reconstruction as a long interposition or jump conduit when the venous system from the deceased donor is not available. The indication for LDLT in patients with complete PVT should be carefully decided before transplantation in terms of portal reconstruction.     

染料介导光氧化处理去细胞牛颈静脉带瓣管道的生物学特性

目的评价染料介导光氧化处理去细胞牛颈静脉带瓣管道的生物学特性。方法 2009年7月至2010年7月,第四军医大学西京医院采用不同方法处理牛颈静脉带瓣管道,选用年龄2~6岁、体重200~400 kg秦川黄牛的牛颈静脉带瓣管道40根,按随机数字表法分为4组,每组10根。戊二醛处理组（GA组）：用戊二醛处理牛颈静脉带瓣管道;去细胞处理组（DC组）：将牛颈静脉带瓣管道进行去细胞处理;去细胞＋染料介导光氧化联合处理组（DP组）：将牛颈静脉带瓣管道进行去细胞＋染料介导光氧化联合处理;对照组（CO组）：不作固定处理。比较4组牛颈静脉带瓣管道管壁的大体形态、组织学特点、瓣膜厚度、组织含水量、热皱缩温度和断裂强度,并测定可溶性蛋白含量。结果 DP组牛颈静脉带瓣管道的管壁和瓣膜厚度、组织含水量与CO组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但管壁和瓣膜厚度均小于GA组（管壁：0.8±0.1 mm vs.1.1±0.1 mm,瓣膜：0.2±0.1 mm vs.0.3±0.1 mm,P〈0.05）,管壁和瓣膜组织含水量均大于GA组（管壁：86.1%±2.2%vs.70.4%±2.8%,瓣膜：87.1%±2.5%vs.72.1%±3.1%,P〈0.05）;DP组管壁和瓣膜热皱缩温度、断裂强度与GA组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但管壁和瓣膜热皱缩温度（管壁：84.7±1.4℃vs.70.4±0.3℃,P〈0.05;瓣膜：85.7±1.5℃vs.70.7±0.6℃,P〈0.05）和断裂强度（管壁：10.4±1.1 N vs.6.8±1.0 N,P〈0.05;瓣膜：8.0±0.9 N vs.3.2±0.6 N,P〈0.05）大于CO组。结论去细胞＋染料介导光氧化联合处理牛颈静脉带瓣管道具有较好的生物学特性。