普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉在胸科手术的可行性

目的：探讨普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉在胸外手术的应用。方法：择期胸科手术108例，ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级，随机分为三组。静脉诱导三组均用咪唑安定、芬太尼、维库溴铵，气插管后I组1％普鲁卡因维持，第一小时成人250－300ml，杜冷丁50mg,此后普鲁卡因100－200ml/h，手术时间越长普鲁卡因每小时用量越小，并间断静注芬太尼0．1mg;Ⅱ组静脉滴入1％普鲁卡因100－200ml/h加吸0．4－0．7MAC安氟醚；Ⅲ组吸入1．2－1．7MAC安氟醚。三组均间断追加维库溴铵维持肌松。观察血流动力学。结果：Ⅱ组整个麻醉手术中血流动力学稳定P＞0．05，苏醒拔管快于I、Ⅲ组，I组于切皮刮除肋骨时有血流动力学兴奋现象，苏醒时有呼吸遗忘，Ⅲ组术毕低血压、心律失常发生率高于I、Ⅱ组，苏醒期躁动不安（P＜0．05）。结论：胸外手术应用普鲁卡因安氟醚复合麻醉是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。     

妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床观察

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床效果.方法:ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期妇科腹腔镜手术的病人160例,随机分为异丙酚瑞芬太尼组(Ⅰ组)和芬太尼异氟醚组(Ⅱ组),每组80例.麻醉诱导用咪唑安定、瑞芬太尼、异丙酚、维库溴铵;麻醉维持.Ⅰ组用持续静脉泵泵入异丙酚和瑞芬太尼;Ⅱ组用芬太尼静注,同时吸入1%～3%的异氟醚.观察血流动力学变化、麻醉苏醒及不良反应等情况.结果:两组间的拔管时间、清醒程度有显著差异.Ⅱ组在气腹后10min的HR、SBP、DBP及术毕HR明显高于术前基础值(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而Ⅰ组术中无明显变化,术后恶心呕吐,发生率也明显低于Ⅱ组.结论:瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于妇科腹腔镜手术更优越、更安全.     

不同浓度七氟醚喉罩吸入联合瑞芬太尼应用于新生儿麻醉的效果分析

目的：探讨不同浓度七氟醚喉罩吸入联合瑞芬太尼静脉泵入用于新生儿的麻醉效果。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月该院收治的ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患儿180例,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组60例。3组患儿术前均肌内注射海俄辛0．02mg／kg镇静,静脉推注芬太尼0．002mg／kg、国产异丙酚（迪施乐）2mg／kg诱导麻醉,待患儿角膜反射消失后分别给予不同浓度七氟醚喉罩吸入联合瑞芬太尼静脉泵入维持麻醉,其中Ⅰ组患儿吸入七氟醚浓度为2．0％,Ⅱ组1．5％,Ⅲ组1．0％。比较3组患儿麻醉过程中血流动力学变化、麻醉停止后苏醒时间、苏醒情况及不良反应发生情况。结果3组患儿麻醉期间血流动力学指标无明显波动,组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患儿苏醒时间较Ⅰ组短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患儿术后PAED评分较Ⅰ组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。Ⅱ组与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组相比不良反应发生率低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论1．5％浓度七氟醚喉罩吸入联合瑞芬太尼静脉泵入应用于新生儿麻醉值得广泛推广。     

异丙酚全凭静脉复合麻醉用于腹腔镜手术

目的：观察异丙酚全凭静脉复合麻醉对腹腔镜手术患血流动力学的影响及麻醉的苏醒质量。方法：100例插管全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术按麻醉维持用药不同随机分为异丙酚组（A组）和异氟醚组（B组），两组各50例，测定各麻醉时点血压，心率变化，苏醒后拔管时间以及术后恶心呕吐率并比较之。结果：麻醉维持中A，B两组血流动力学变化无显差异，A组拔管时间明显短于B组（P＜0．05），A组术后恶心呕吐率明显低于B组（P＜0．05）。结论：异丙酚全凭静脉复合麻醉用于腹腔镜手术可以明显缩短术后苏醒时间，并能有效防止恶心呕吐。     

异丙酚静脉持续泵人用于颅脑手术的临床观察

目的 观察异丙酚静脉持续泵入在颅脑手术中的临床麻醉效果,并与异氟醚吸入复合麻醉作比较。方法 34例ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级患者随机分为2组,每组17例,用安定、芬太尼,万可松诱导后快速插入气管导管,按麻醉机行机械控制呼吸,维持呼吸气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）于4．5－5．2kPa。麻醉维持分别用异丙酚0．1mg.kg^-1.min^-1静脉泵入（P组）、1％－1．5％异氟醚吸入（Ⅰ组）。两组酌情分次静注芬太尼2μg。kg^-1、万可松0．05－0．1mg.kg^-1维持镇痛、肌松。于麻醉诱导后30min、手术开始后10、30、60min及术毕监测中心静脉压（CVP）、收缩压（SP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、PETCO2、脉搏血氧饱和度（SPO2）、心电图（EKG）,并记录患者术毕至苏醒拔管时间。结果 临床剂量下,两组对CVP、SP、MAP、PETO2、SPO2指标影响轻微且相似。P组拔管时间显著短于Ⅰ组。结论 颅脑手术中,临床剂量下的异丙酚静脉泵入麻醉效果优于异氟醚吸入麻醉。     

异氟醚复合拉贝洛尔控制性降压在颅脑手术中的应用

对24例择期颅脑手术病人采用异氟醚复合拉贝洛尔控制性降压，并与单纯用异氟醚降压者进行了对比观察。病人随机分成单纯异氟醚降压组（Ⅰ组）和异氟醚复合拉贝洛尔降压组（Ⅱ组），每组12例。结果显示，降压时Ⅱ组呼气末异氟醚浓度明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜O.01），血流动力学改变较Ⅰ组轻。由此认为，异氟醚复合拉贝洛尔控制性降压用于颅脑手术可能优于单纯异氟醚降压。     

异丙酚靶控输注用于妇科腹腔镜手术的临床观察

目的研究异丙酚靶控输注（TCI）全凭静脉麻醉用于妇科腹腔镜手术的有效性及对术后恢复的影响。方法选择100例行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者。ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，随机分成异丙酚TCI组（Ⅰ组）和异氟醚静吸复合麻醉组（Ⅱ组），均以芬太尼．异丙酚．维库溴铵模式诱导，Ⅰ组以异丙酚TCI靶浓度6μg／ml诱导，插管后以靶浓度3．5μg／ml维持麻醉至缝皮前。Ⅱ组持续吸入2％异氟醚（氧流量为2L／min）至缝皮前。术中按需追加芬太尼与维库溴铵。两组病人分别记录：术前，术中1、5、10min及术后MAP和HR；麻醉停止至拔管的时间以及清醒、定向力恢复的时间；手术后第1天随访有无术后恶心呕吐（PONV）。结果Ⅰ组各时段MAP及HR与Ⅱ组间无显著差异，同组各时段MAP及HR除手术开始后1min有所下降（P〈0．05）外，其余也无显著差异。Ⅰ组麻醉停止至拔管时间、清醒及定向力恢复时间明显短于Ⅱ组，PONV发生率也明显低于Ⅱ组（均P〈0．05）。结论异丙酚TCI全凭静脉麻醉用于妇科腹腔镜术，与异氟醚静吸复合麻醉相比有苏醒快和PONV发生率低的优点。     

瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合异丙酚用于腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床观察

目的比较瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合异丙酚用于腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床效果.方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的病入100例,随机分为异丙酚瑞芬太尼组(PR)和异丙酚芬太尼组(PF),每组50例.麻醉诱导用异丙酚(1～2mg/kg)和瑞芬太尼(2ug/kg)或芬太尼(2.5ug/kg),麻醉维持用持续静脉泵入异丙酚(2mg·kg·h-1)和瑞芬太尼(0.2ug·kg1·min-1)或芬太尼(0.03ug·k-1·min-1),同时吸入1%异氟醚.观察血流动力学,麻醉苏醒及不良反应等情况.结果两组麻醉效果无显著差异,两组患者诱导后血压均明显降低(P＜0.01),心率减慢(P＜0.05),PR组心率减慢持续到术毕(P＜0.05),PR组作用强于PF组,术毕苏醒快,拔管早.结论异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼比芬太尼更优越、安全.     

异丙酚和异氟醚复合麻醉对硝酸甘油控制性降压的影响

目的：评价异丙酚和异氟醚复合麻醉对硝酸甘油控制性降压的影响。方法：20例口腔颌面部择期手术病人随机分为两组：Ⅰ组（n=10）采用吸入异氟醚维持麻醉；Ⅱ组（n=10）采用微量泵持续输入异丙酚和吸入异氟醚维持麻醉。以0．01％硝酸甘油溶液使MAP降低30％。结果：Ⅱ组血压易于下降和维持，停止降压后MAP显著低于I组（P〈0．05），HR明显慢于I组（P〈0.01）；Ⅱ组硝酸甘油平均剂量显著低于I组（P〈0．01），硝酸甘油总量较I组减少54％；两组围术期尿量无明显差异。结论：异丙酚和异氟醚复合维持麻醉可增强硝酸甘油控制性降压的效果。     

右美托咪啶对全麻下行颌骨骨折内固定患者麻醉药用量和苏醒质量的影响

目的：探讨右美托咪啶复合七氟醚吸入麻醉对颌骨骨折内固定患者麻醉药用量和苏醒期质量的影响。方法：60例全麻下行择期颌骨骨折内固定的患者随机等分成2组。Ⅰ组（实验组）采用小剂量右美托咪啶复合七氟醚＋瑞芬太尼麻醉,Ⅱ组（对照组）采用七氟醚＋瑞芬太尼麻醉。用反映血流动力学和麻醉药用量及苏醒质量的指标进行分析（见表1、2、3）。结果：Ⅰ组患者麻醉药用量,苏醒期患者疼痛、呛咳明显少于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）,麻醉苏醒时间和苏醒后呼吸抑制情况2组患者无显著差异（P＞0．05）。Ⅰ组患者苏醒期血流动力学更为平稳。结论：右美托咪啶复合七氟醚吸入麻醉对颌骨骨折内固定的患者可以减少麻醉药用量,不影响麻醉苏醒时间,不增加术后呼吸抑制。患者苏醒期血流动力学更为平稳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.