巧制青霉素过敏急救盒

青霉素主要用于敏感的革兰阳性球菌、阴性球菌和螺旋体感染，青霉素的毒性较低，最常见的不良反应是过敏反应，其发生率在各种抗生素中最高，为3％～6％。属I型变态反应的过敏性休克虽然少见，但其发生、发展迅猛，可因抢救不及时而死于严重的呼吸困难和呼吸循环衰竭。为了给抢救工作争取宝贵的时间，2008年3月我们设计了一种青霉素过敏急救盒，现介绍如下。     

青霉素G静脉滴注不应忽视的几个问题

青霉素Ｇ静脉滴注不应忽视的几个问题湖北省沙市市第三医院彭厚贵，陈晓芳，王秀丽青霉素Ｇ具有抗菌力强、疗效高、毒性低的特点，广泛应用于临床。青霉素Ｇ静脉滴注局部刺激轻、能迅速提高血药浓度，是最常用的给药方法之一。然而青霉素Ｇ水溶液极不稳定，其治疗作用易受...     

螺蛳腹足肌的酶解工艺

以螺蛳的腹足肌部分为研究对象，比较了几种酶对螺蛳蛋白的作用效果，选择了一种新型酶Proleather FG-F。以水解度和蛋白质得率为指标采用响应面分析法对酶解工艺进行了优化，对酶解产物的相对分子质量分布范围、游离氨基酸含量及ACE酶抑制活性等进行了分析和比较。     

单宁酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的共固定化

比较了海藻酸钠和壳聚糖两种栽体及不同固定化方法对单宁酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的共固定化效果，结果表明以海藻酸钠为载体，采用交联-包埋-交联固定化方法的效果最佳。对共固定化条件进行了优化，可使单宁酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活力回收率分别达67．3％和46．0％。     

展青霉素人工抗原及多克隆抗体的研制

采用戊二酸酐法合成展青霉素-半戊二酸（PAT-HG），通过活泼酯法将PAT-HG偶联到牛血清白蛋白，制备了展青霉素免疫抗原（PAT—HG—BSA），免疫3只BALB／c小鼠，经4次免疫后，1号小鼠血清抗展青霉索抗体效价迭1：1600，且小鼠抗展青霉素多克隆抗体与展青霉素检测抗原的结合能被展青霉素阻断。     

青霉素皮试液配制方法的改进

常规青霉素皮试液的配制较复杂且浓度准确性不易掌握，笔者对其配制方法进行改进，经临床应用，效果满意，获2002年哈尔滨医科大学医疗新技术三等奖，介绍如下。     

青霉素皮试过敏反应的观察体会

青霉素是临床常用抗生素,青霉素过敏反应系抗原和抗体在致敏细胞上相互作用而引起的.     

巧制青霉素过敏急救盒

青霉素主要用于敏感的革兰阳性球菌、阴性球菌和螺旋体感染,青霉素的毒性较低,最常见的不良反应是过敏反应,其发生率在各种抗生素中最高,为3%～6%.属Ⅰ型变态反应的过敏性休克虽然少见,但其发生、发展迅猛,可因抢救不及时而死于严重的呼吸困难和呼吸循环衰竭[1].为了给抢救工作争取宝贵的时间,2008年3月我们设计了一种青霉素过敏急救盒,现介绍如下.     

鱼精蛋白对耐氨苄青霉素的大肠杆菌作用的初步实验报告

本实验方法为纸片测定耐药菌敏感度法，分为三组（Ａ，氨苄青霉素，Ｂ．鱼精蛋白组，Ｃ氨苄青霉素十鱼精蛋白组）进行观察，结果显示；１、２组制菌环均小于８ｃｍ，第３组中鱼精蛋白浓度大于５００ｕｇ时，制菌环直径大于２０ｃｍ（高度敏感），表明鱼精蛋白在一定浓度下协同氨苄青霉素对耐药的大肠杆菌有效。其作用机理有待进一步研究。     

青霉素在淋菌性尿道炎治疗中的地位探讨

对278例男性淋病患者进行尿道分泌物涂片镜检、细菌培养并加药敏试验,然后分别给青霉素、青霉素加其它抗菌药物、其它抗菌药作试验治疗。结果表明,青霉素在淋菌性尿道炎治疗中仍应列为首选;对青霉素过敏或耐药者宜选用其它有效抗菌药。     

Treatment of experimental suppurative wounds with proteolytic and lytic enzymes immobilized on carbonic cloth

When in the experiment on rats the jointly immobilized on a carbonic cloth proteases and lytic enzyme complex were used, the reduced period of the suppurative wound cleaning and healing was noted as compared to that in use of the immobilized on a carbonic cloth proteases and jointly immobilized on a gause proteases and lytic enzyme complex.     

Prolonged local enzyme therapy of suppurative wounds

The article analyses the results of treatment of 150 patients with purulent diseases of the soft tissues of various localization, in which after surgical treatment the purulent focus immobilized trypsin (50 patients), trypsin with lysozyme immobilized on gauze (50 patients), and antiseptics (50 patients) were used for topical treatment of the formed wounds. The results of the treatment showed that topical prolonged enzyme therapy of purulent wounds with the use of trypsin immobilized on gauze and that with lysozyme promotes cleansing of the wounds, reduces microbial dissemination, intensifies reparative processes, and reduces the terms of treatment.     

Supports for enzyme immobilization.

Macroporous silica gel, prepared from sodium silicate and hydrochloric acid, one grade of diatomaceous earth (celite 545) and nonporous glass were analyzed in terms of pore size by the mercury intrusion pressure method. The alkylamine derivatives of the above materials were examined for their suitability as supports for enzyme immobilization, using the enzyme glucose oxidase. The effectiveness of the immobilized enzyme was compared in relation to the free enzyme and particle size of the carrier. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a broader range of optimum pH and greater thermal stability, among some properties considered.     

Effect of Extracorporeal Enzymatic Deheparinization on Formed Blood Components

Abstract: A stirred blood filter containing an immobilized enzyme, heparinase, has been used to neutralize heparin's anticoagulant activity at the outflow of an extracorporeal circuit in dogs. The hematocrit and red blood cell count remained unchanged throughout the 90-min perfusion period. Platelet and white blood cell counts de-creased early in the procedure to ˜20% of the initial levels, but then returned to 30 and 70%, respectively, of their initial values by the end of the procedure. After 24 h normal levels were reestablished. In vitro experiments with human blood were conducted to determine the principal cause of the observed decrease of formed blood components. An unstirred heparinase filter preserved platelets and white blood cells better than stirred filters possessing higher, the same, or no heparin-degrading capacity, suggesting that most of the loss of formed blood components is due to stirring and not to the heparinase or the Sepharose support on which the enzyme is immobilized.     

Course of the wound process during treatment with immobilized proteolytic enzymes

Clinical, morphological, biochemical and bacteriological examinations have shown the immobilized proteolytic enzyme "profezym" to shorten the phase of cleaning the wound and in combination with antiseptic drugs to lessen the bacterial dissemination of the tissues as well as to strengthen and accelerate regeneration processes both in acute pyo-necrotic diseases and in continuous non-healing wounds.     

Role of prolonged enzyme therapy in the combined treatment of prolonged non-healing wounds

Efficiency of combined treatment of long non-healing wounds with the help of immobilized bacterial protease (profezyme) is shown. The data obtained suggest prolonged enzyme therapy with profezyme to reliably shorten the time of debridement of the wound, to stimulate the development of granulations, thus contributing to better results of plastic closure of skin defects in long non-healing wounds.     

Immobilized papain in the treatment of acute destructive lactation mastitis

Experience with the surgical treatment of 123 patients has shown the positive effect of proteolytic enzyme Papain immobilized on fiber polymer materials. It shortened the period of purification of purulent wounds of the lactating mammary gland from devitalized tissues which facilitated putting early secondary sutures on the granulating wound without a dissection of wound margins and resulted in quicker healing (13,5 days).     

Induction of arthritis in healthy knee joints after intra-articular injection of the proteolytic enzyme elastase - An experimental investigation in the rabbit

AIM: Humoral aspects are being discussed in the initiation of arthritis. Therefore, the effects of the proteolytic enzyme elastase on the cartilage of knee joints in rabbits have been investigated. The enzyme was evaluated using activities comparable to those in post-traumatic knee joint hemarthrosis in humans. METHOD: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase was injected into one of the knee joints of 10 rabbits. In 5 animals (first study group), joints were then immobilized with a cast for 6 weeks. In the other 5 (second study group), no immobilization was applied. In the first zero group (2 animals), 0.9 % NaCl was injected intra-articularly without immobilization, whereas in the second zero group (2 anmals) knees were immobilized for 6 weeks without prior injection. Thus, the effect of immobilization could be evaluated additionally. Joint specimens were then examined histologically and electron microscopically. RESULTS: There was clear evidence of elastase having severe destructive effects on cartilage regardless of additional joint-immobilization. In neither zero group was there prearthritic damage to the cartilage.CONCLUSION: To prevent the initiation of cartilage damage by humoral factors, early elimination of the pathological intra-articular effusion is necessary.     

Urokinase Immobilized on Medical Polymeric Materials: Fundamental and Clinical Studies

One of the methods of preparing an antithrombogenic material is to immobilize a fibrinolytic enzyme on the surface of a carrier. The clinical trial of such a material must be subject to not only a basic study on the quality of a carrier, the technique of immobilization, and the method of disinfection, but also an in vivo study on its antithrombotic effect.
Reported herein is the evaluation of the fibrinolytic ability, at fundamental and clinical levels, of the urokinase that was immobilized on the surface of various polymeric materials. The results were favorable.     

Oral treatment for jaundice using immobilized bilirubin oxidase

Jaundice is characterized by an excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues. A novel approach to reduce plasma levels of bilirubin by blocking its enterohepatic circulation was investigated. The treatment consisted of oral administration of immobilized bilirubin oxidase, which could oxidize bilirubin in the intestine to less toxic and more water-soluble products. In vivo administration of 0.1 to 2.0 mg/day of immobilized enzyme over a four-day period to chronically jaundiced Gunn rats effectively lowered plasma bilirubin levels, but only when the molar ratio of total serum bilirubin to rat serum albumin (B/RSA) was larger than 0.35. Plasma bilirubin concentration decreased in that group from an initial value of 11.3 to 6.3 mg/dl (-40%, n = 5) after eight days. This decrease was statistically significant (p < 0.05 by Student's t test). However, administration of bilirubin oxidase to rats with a B/RSA ratio less than 0.35 (n = 10) resulted in no statistically significant change in plasma bilirubin concentration.