p53,C—erb B—2基因在乳腺癌预后中的意义

１ｐ５３基因的功能特性野生型ｐ５３基因（ｐ５３ｗｔ）是一种肿瘤抑制基因，全长约２０ｋｂ，由１１个外显子组成，定位于１７号染色体上（１７Ｐ１３．１），对细胞的生长呈负调节作用。其编码的蛋白是一种核磷酸蛋白质，由３９３个氨基酸组成，分子量为５３ｋＤ，故...     

细胞周期调控基因-P21WAF1/CIP1及抑癌基因失活与膀胱癌的关系

Ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１／Ｃ１Ｄ１基因编码的产物为一种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶的抑制蛋白，它通过调控细胞周期的过程，参与细胞的生长、分化、衰老及死亡，在膀胱癌发生中也存在多种抗癌基因（如Ｐ５３、Ｒｂ）的灭活，本文从Ｐ２１基因、蛋白质结构以及参与Ｐ５３、Ｒｂ介导的细胞ＤＮＡ损伤反应与膀胱癌的关系作一综述。     

细胞周期调控基因—P21WAF1／CIP1及抑制癌基因失活与膀胱癌的关系

Ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１／Ｃ１Ｄ１基因编码的产物为一种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶的抑制蛋白，它通过调控细胞周期的过程，参与细胞的生长、分化、衰老及死亡，在膀胱癌发生中也存在多种抗癌基因（如Ｐ５３、Ｒｂ）的灭活，本文从Ｐ２１基因、蛋白质结构以及参与Ｐ５３、Ｒｂ倡导的细胞ＤＮＡ损伤反应与膀胱癌的关系作一综述。     

人精浆对不同丝裂原诱导淋转反应的影响

本文通过人精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM三种丝裂原诱导淋巴细胞转化反应的影响,间接了解HSP对T辅助、T抑制和B淋巴细胞功能的影响,结果发现不同浓度的精浆对三种丝裂原诱导的淋转反应均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05),且三种浓度HSP的抑制作用在无显著性差异(P>0.05);中浓度的精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM诱导转反应的抑制率分别为69.7、51.7和48.3％,说明精浆对机体的T辅助、T抑制性和B淋巴细胞功能均有明显的抑制作用。此外,还对精浆的免疫抑制作用机理和意义进行了讨论。     

核因子-κB及炎性介质与急性胰腺炎

核因子 κＢ(ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｆａｃｔｏｒ ｋａｐｐａＢ ,ＮＦ κＢ)是一类能与多种基因的启动子或增强子κＢ位点发生特异性结合并启动基因转录的蛋白质。现已发现与炎症和免疫反应有关的许多炎性介质基因上含κＢ位点 ,ＮＦ κＢ在调控这些基因表达方面起重要作用〔1〕。目前急性胰腺炎 (ａｃｕｔｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ ,ＡＰ)的治疗仍无突破性进展 ,导致治疗失败的主要原因是对其发病机制认识不清 ,缺乏针对性强的治疗措施 ,重症ＡＰ(ＳＡＰ)仍有较高的病死率 ,急性呼吸窘迫综合征及多器官功能不全综合征是ＡＰ早期主要的死亡原因…     

外周血甲胎球蛋白mRNA扩增在肝癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨外周血甲胎球蛋白（ａｌｐｈａ－ｆｅｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＡＦＰ）基因分析对肝癌诊断的临床价值。方法 从人肝癌组织和外周轿单核细胞制备总ＲＮＡ，经随机引物和逆转录配酶合成ｃＤＮＡ后，以巢式聚合酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）扩增ＡＦＰ基因片段，分析其在肝癌诊断中的临床应用价值。结果 所设计反转录巢式ＰＣＲ扩增ＡＦＰ基因片段为１５９ｂｐ，方法的灵敏２度为５     

尼群地平对缺血再灌注肺脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的探讨肺缺血再灌注损伤的发病机理，观察尼群地平的防治效果。方法７２只大鼠随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注组和治疗组，采用肺在体温缺血再灌注损伤模型，于缺血４５分钟、再灌注后１小时、２小时、４小时取损伤肺组织测丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和总钙含量。结果缺血再灌注组各时相肺组织ＭＤＡ含量上升（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ含量显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），总钙含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），尼群地平可减轻肺组织ＭＤＡ和组织总钙含量的升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论钙超载和自由基反应共同参与了肺缺血再灌注损伤，二者可能相互影响，相互促进；尼群地平通过阻滞钙通道，影响自由基系统而对缺血再灌注肺起保护作用     

人arresten基因的克隆表达及其对内皮细胞增殖的影响

目的克隆表达血管生成抑制因子arresten基因，并探讨其生物学活性。方法利用基因重组技术，从含有人arresten基因的克隆载体pGEMArr上切下目的基因片段，亚克隆至含T7启动子的原核表达载体pRSET中，构建表达载体pRSETAN。将重组质粒pRSETAN转化入宿主菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中，用IPTG进行诱导表达。菌体经超声波破碎，镍柱亲和层析纯化并复性。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定表达蛋白抑制血管内皮细胞的活性。结果酶切鉴定和测序验证，表达载体构建正确。在表达宿主菌中，arresten基因获得了高效表达，表达量占菌体总蛋白质的27％；表达产物经亲和层析纯化后，蛋白质纯度达96％。经复性，重组蛋白可显著抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子促脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖作用。结论人arresten基因能在pRSET表达系统中得到高效表达；复性后表达蛋白能有效抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖。     

大肠癌p16蛋白和基因突变与临床病理因素关系的探讨

本实验应用聚合酶链反应 单链构象多态分析 (ＰＣＲ ＳＳＣＰ)和Ｓ Ｐ免疫组织化学技术在基因水平和蛋白质水平分别检测同一病例ｐ16的基因缺失及蛋白表达情况 ,以判定大肠癌ｐ16基因的变异率、ｐ16蛋白表达与临床病理的关系。材料与方法1.标本来源 :选择辽宁省肿瘤医院大肠科 1998年 4月至1998年 12月 112例原发大肠癌术后新鲜标本 ,用ＰＣＲ ＳＳＣＰ法 (30例 )及Ｓ Ｐ免疫组化法 (112例 )分别检测大肠癌ｐ16基因的纯合缺失及ｐ16蛋白表达。2 .ＰＣＲ ＳＳＣＰ检测ｐ16基因 :(1)ＰＣＲ扩增 :总反应体积2 5 μｌ,含双蒸水 15 μｌ,10×缓…     

食管、贲门癌组织中P53基因蛋白过度表达及其生物学意义

目的研究食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达情况及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测了６０例食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达情况，并结合肿瘤的某些病理特点如分化程度、ＴＮＭ分期等进行了分析。结果Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率高分化组（７５％）与中（９６．９％）、低（１００％）分化组之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。食管癌，Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期的Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率分别为９５．７％和９２．３％；贲门癌，Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期阳性率分别为６６．７％、１００％和９３．３％，经检验，食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达与肿瘤ＴＮＭ分期之间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论随着肿瘤分化程度的降低，Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率将增高，Ｐ５３基因蛋白有可能成为判断食管癌、贲门癌恶性程度的指标之一；ｐ５３基因突变及Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达不仅出现在食管癌、贲门癌发生、发展的晚期阶段，而在早期阶段就已存在并起作用。     

Autofluorescence of various rodent tissues and human skin tumour samples

Fluorescence spectra from different organs in rats and mice have been recorded to explore the potential of non-intrusive tissue diagnostics. The fluorescence was induced by a nitrogen laser that emitted at a wavelength of 337 nm. Optical multichannel techniques were used for the detection. Spectra are given from 19 different sites in Wistar/Furth rats, including an inoculated malignant tumour. The spectra seem to be a sum of two wavelength distributions only, each distribution occurring with a different weight in different organs. Spectra obtained from living and dead tissue were compared to verify that the measurements on sacrificed experimental animals were valid. Preliminary results are given for some human tumours, transplanted in nude mice, and for some human skin samples.     

Measurement of inhibin

The bioassays developed so far, although good for detecting inhibin from different sources and for monitoring their purification, are not really practical for physiological studies. Moreover, they are influenced by steroidal hormones. In this regard radioimmunoassays, with their high capacity and greater sensitivity, are of immense value in studies involving the physiology of inhibin. More information on this aspect will probably lead to the development of more rational methods of assay. However, the need for an international reference preparation that will provide a common basis for comparing data from different laboratories cannot but be emphasized.     

歙白术木质部与韧皮部挥发油成分比较研究

目的对歙白术挥发油成分进行研究,探讨白术药材中挥发油的分布规律。方法采用组织化学和GC-MS对歙白术韧皮部、木质部所含挥发油进行研究。结果韧皮部中油室分布较木质部为多;木质部中挥发油共分离出51个峰,共鉴定出38种化合物;韧皮部共分离出47个峰,鉴定出化合物27种。结论歙白术药材的不同部位中挥发油成分差异较大,但相对含量最高的成分均为苍术酮,白术根茎中韧皮部与木质部的比例可作为评价白术药材质量优劣的参考依据之一。     

股骨头坏死误诊现状及分析

探讨股骨头坏死误诊的主要原因,有利于减少其误诊及漏诊的发生率,提高股骨头坏死的诊断水平。本文分析近15年国内有关股骨头坏死误诊文献。对易与股骨头坏死混淆的9种疾病进行鉴别分析。股骨头坏死早期易误诊为其它疾病;而股骨头坏死中晚期的一些症状、体征及影像表现与一些疾病相似,易将这些疾病误诊为股骨头坏死。髋关节疾病病理改变的不同始发部位,在相应的影像异常表现有各自不同的特异性表现。     

Measurement of Heavy Metal and Antioxidant-Oxidant Levels in Tissues Obtained From Three Different Localizations of Explant Hepatectomy of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BackgroundTo reveal any difference in terms of heavy metal and antioxidant/oxidant levels of liver tissues obtained from 3 different locations of hepatectomy specimens of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTotal hepatectomy materials of patients who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were objects of this study. Three liver tissue samples were obtained from each material, one from HCC tissue, one adjacent from the border of HCC, and one at least 3 cm distant from HCC, each 10 × 10 mm in diameter. Samples are preserved at –70°C. Levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) and oxidant–antioxidant parameters (catalase, glutathione peroxidase [GSHPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], nitric oxide, prolidase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, total-thiol, native thiol, and disulphid) are measured.ResultsThis study included 22 patients (18 men, 4 women with an age range of 3 to 66 years. There were significant differences in terms of Cd, Pb, Zn, GSHPx, SOD, nitric oxide, and native thiol levels between liver tissues derived from 3 different locations. Cd, Pb, and Zn levels were significantly different in tumor tissues, whereas GSHPx and SOD levels were significantly different in tumor and neighboring tissues. Nitric oxide levels were relatively different in tumor tissues compared with tumor-neighboring tissues. Native thiol levels differed significantly in tumor tissues compared with tissues distant from tumor.ConclusionsThe aim of this study is unique in medical literature, which reveals that the amount of heavy metals and antioxidant/oxidant accumulation are variable in the same liver tissue in different locations because of multiple and yet unknown factors.     

Comparing and combining studies of bronchial responsiveness

BACKGROUND: There is no standardised protocol for the measurement of bronchial responsiveness. Results from different studies are difficult to compare and combine. METHODS: Analyses are divided between those of a continuous outcome, which can be directly standardised as effect size, and those based on a binary outcome. A published method is used to convert an odds ratio to equivalent effect size. RESULTS: The use of effect size allows comparison between studies using a continuous outcome but different protocols, provided the relevant standard deviation is reported. Effect size from a continuous outcome and that derived from an odds ratio from an equivalent analysis gave similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic reviews which include both continuous effect estimates and odds ratios can include both in one meta-analysis, provided relevant standard deviations are published for the former. Authors are encouraged to report these in all fields in which measurement protocols vary.     

The consideration of footforms for a better judgement and explanation of footcomplains (author's transl)]

Differentiating individual foot types has decisive advantages in diagnosing and treating fallen arches and splayfoot. The basic methods of classifying different foot types are discussed and the necessity of such classifying is shown. Seemingly different interpretations of foot malformations are thereby explicable. Reference is made to the problem of therapeutic failures resulting from non-observance of the interaction between the arch-support and the shoes worn. The positive effects of indicated alterations in heel height are demonstrated.     

Accuracy and Precision of 62 Bone Densitometers Using a European Spine Phantom

Dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for bone mineral density measurements. Different types of devices are available. Differences between devices from either the same manufacturer or different manufacturers can lead to difficulties in clinical practice when patients are followed on different machines. We calculated the accuracy and precision of 62 DXA devices from two manufacturers (51 Hologic, 11 Lunar) using a European Spine Phantom (ESP, semi-anthropomorphic). The ESP was measured 5 times on each device without repositioning. Accuracy was assessed by comparing bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm²) values measured on each device with the actual value of the phantom. Precision was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CVsd), using the root mean square average. The limits of agreement were estimated from the differences between each replicate measurement of BMD and the estimated true value for a particular manufacturer, according to Bland and Altman. The results confirm the difference between devices from different manufacturers (18.5%). Mean CVsd values were 0.57% and 0.64% for Hologic and Lunar respectively. The limits of agreement among devices from the same manufacturer were 0.026 g/cm² and 0.025 g/cm² for Hologic and Lunar respectively. Differences in extreme results between devices from the same manufacturer were on average 5.4% and 3.6% for Hologic and Lunar respectively. Results of different devices from the same manufacturer are highly comparable, although unpredictable differences exist that may be clinically relevant. Received: 12 June 1998 / Accepted: 20 November 1998     

运动对绝经后妇女骨密度影响的研究进展

为了进一步探讨运动对绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的影响,采用文献资料法,从"什么运动方式可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"多大的运动剂量可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"运动提高绝经后妇女BMD的部位差异"三个方面进行了综述,研究认为各种形式的抗体重运动、休闲运动、抗阻运动都可有效维持绝经后妇女BMD,与抗阻运动相结合的复合运动方式对改善绝经后妇女BMD更有效果。不同运动方式改善绝经后妇女骨密度所需要的剂量有所不同,持续时间高于7个月、频率大于2次/周是有效改善绝经后妇女BMD的最低剂量,持续运动对绝经后妇女BMD的保持作用会随着运动的停止而消失。绝经后妇女腰椎是受运动影响最敏感的部位。不同运动方式所需要的精确剂量,以及如何有效改善绝经后妇女腰椎以外的其他部位BMD是未来研究的主要方向。