水提花生粕多糖工艺

通过三元二次旋转正交设计,研究了料液质量比、温度和时间3个因素对酸提花生粕申多糖得率的影响,用SAS8.1中响应面分析程序RSREG分析得到了3个因素的回归方程.结果表明,所得方程达显著水平,拟合情况良好.通过对回归方程进行局部寻优分析,得到水提花生粕多糖的最佳工艺条件为:料液质量比为1:32,浸提温度为100℃,浸提时间为6.2 h,对应预测得率为3.26%,验证值为3.23%.     

植物蛋白饮料中脂肪含量的测定

对罗兹－哥特里伯法在植物蛋白饮料体系中加以应用的可行性进行了评价，证明上述方法经过适当改良后可用于豆奶等植物蛋白型饮料中脂肪含量的测定。在此基础上，对自制的谷物胚芽饮料产品中的脂肪含量进行了测定。经测定，自制玉米胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为１．２１３％，自制小麦胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为０．１６２％。     

苦瓜、银耳、绿豆复合饮料的研制

将苦瓜、绿豆、银耳3种原料经过风味改良实验和稳定性实验,制成一种复合饮料。复合饮料的最佳生产配比为：苦瓜汁（m（苦瓜）∶m（水）=1∶10）75 mL,绿豆汁（m（绿豆）∶m（水）=1∶10）40 mL,银耳汁（m（银耳）∶m（水）=1∶25）35 mL,饱和蔗糖液40 mL,柠檬酸钠0.15 g,CMC-Na 0.3 g,黄原胶0.2 g。该复合饮料具有清爽可口、酸甜适中、清热解暑等特点。     

阳离子抗菌蛋白18的研究进展

本文对阳离子抗菌蛋白１８的来源、分布、生物学活性及其影响因素、蛋白和基因结构等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

重组人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶的制备及鉴定

目的:利用基因工程技术制备纯化的重组人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(HNE),为进一步制备HNE的相应抗体和建立精液HNE的检测方法奠定基础。方法:利用HNE的特异引物从人外周血粒细胞中获得HNEmRNA,并将其cDNA克隆入质粒pGEX-2T中以获得重组质粒pGEX-2T/HNE。重组质粒经PCR、双酶切和基因测序鉴定后转入感受态大肠埃希菌DH5α中,并用异丙基β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达重组融合蛋白GST/HNE。重组融合蛋白经凝血酶裂解后获得重组HNE,并经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化后获得纯化的重组HNE。结果:成功制备重组表达质粒pGEX-2T/HNE,并转化入大肠埃希菌DH5α中。经IPTG在18℃过夜诱导后成功获得重组融合蛋白GST/HNE的表达。经凝血酶裂解和谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化后成功获得纯化的重组蛋白HNE。结论:纯化的重组HNE的获得为进一步制备HNE的相应抗体和建立精液HNE的检测方法奠定了基础。     

膨化蓖麻粕的饲用

用强饲法测定膨化蓖麻粕的鸡代谢能和真可消化氨基酸 .在此基础上 ,进行肉用仔鸡和生长猪的饲养试验 .试验结果 :膨化蓖麻粕的鸡代谢能为 9.2 9MJ/kg ,各种氨基酸消化率为 :Asp86.7% ,Thr 77.3 % ,Ser 81 .1 % ,Glu 90 .0 % ,Gly 54.2 % ,Ala 78.5% ,Cys 82 .9% ,Val83 .2 % ,Met80 .2 % ,Ile 83 .2 % ,Leu 81 .3 % ,Tyr 79.6% ,Phe 84 .4 % ,Lys 74 .3 % ,His 90 .5% ,Arg 92 .3 % .肉鸡饲养试验表明 ,前、中、后期分别加 3 %、6%、9%的膨化蓖麻粕对肉鸡生长无不良影响 .生长猪试验表明 ,前期加 5%的膨化蓖麻粕对猪无不良影响 ,后期加 1 6%的膨化蓖麻粕对猪的生长也无不良影响 .以上结果表明 ,膨化蓖麻粕是一种营养价值良好的饲料资源 .     

骨形态发生蛋白诱导成骨的转录因子调节及其与凋亡蛋白的关系

骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）已成为目前科研及临床上应用十分广泛的成骨诱导剂,是一类能够在骨基质中诱导成骨的糖蛋白,1965年由Urist首次发现,1988年被Wangetal成功提纯并完成基因的克隆,同年被Wozneyetal确认属于转化生长因子-β（TGF-B）超家族成员。目前已发现20余种BMP蛋白,其中以BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-6及BMP-7的功能最具代表性,主要以旁分泌及自分泌方式作用,在体内、体外均可诱导间充质干细胞（MSCs）向成骨细胞、成软骨细胞定向分化。     

附睾蛋白酶抑制蛋白的研究进展

附睾蛋白酶抑制蛋白(Eppin)基因是最近克隆到的一种人类和小鼠附睾和睾丸中特异性表达的基因。Epp in蛋白是一种富含半胱氨酸同时含有乳清酸蛋白(WAP)和牛胰蛋白酶抑制蛋白(BPTI)结构域的分泌蛋白,它与精子成熟和生殖有关,此外还参与了人类附睾的天然免疫系统。针对Epp in蛋白的免疫避孕是一种有效和安全的方式,但还需进一步验证它的安全性。本文就Epp in的生殖和免疫功能及在免疫避孕中的应用进行综述。     

乳腺癌耐药蛋白的研究现状

乳腺癌耐药蛋白是一种新发现的耐药蛋白，其介导的多药耐药与P-糖蛋白（P-gP）不同，在肿瘤组织中的表达情况差异较大。笔者就乳腺癌耐药蛋白的结构特性及其介导的多药耐药及在肿瘤中的表达情况等研究现状作一综述。     

P53蛋白对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶1、3表达的影响

目的 探讨P53蛋白对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞（keloid fibroblast，KFB）基质金属蛋白酶1（MMP1）、基质金属蛋白酶3（MMP3）表达的影响；明确在人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中P53蛋白与MMP1、MMP3之间的相互关系。方法 采用腺病毒介导法将p53基因转染至人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中。将来源于瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞随机分成二组，实验组转染p53基因转染至成纤维细胞中，对照组为空载转染组。分别用间接免疫荧光法和Western印迹法检测P53蛋白的表达；ELISA法检测MMP1、MMP3的表达。结果 p53基因转染组细胞中P53蛋白表达明显高于空载转染组；而MMP1、MMP3蛋白表达明显低于空载转染组（P〈0．01）。结论 P53蛋白能够抑制人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞MMP1、MMP3蛋白的表达。     

盐对勾兑牛奶酒体系稳定性的影响

试验了不同浓度的柠檬酸三钠对于勾兑牛奶酒体系的影响,结果表明随着柠檬酸三钠浓度的增大,勾兑牛奶酒体系的pH值和粘度也随之增大,当柠檬酸三钠的浓度由0.002mol/L增大到0.02mol/L,酒精质量分数大于20%时,其体系的pH值表现出了几乎相同的增加值;而对所有体系来讲,随着酒精质量分数的增大,粘度的增加值却越来越小.试验结果还发现,加入0.008mol/L柠檬酸三钠能够使得牛奶蛋白在乙醇存在下达到最好的稳定效果.     

脱脂奶粉勾兑牛奶酒工艺中pH值的影响

探讨了以脱脂奶粉为原料勾兑奶酒的工艺条件,主要研究了牛奶蛋白在乙醇存在下影响其稳定性的一个重要因素——pH值.实验表明,在以脱脂奶粉为原料勾兑奶酒时,酒精应该先进行适量的稀释再加入到复配奶中;随着复配奶pH值的升高,其牛奶蛋白的乙醇稳定性也随之升高.复配奶的pH值决定着勾兑奶酒的pH值,其最适pH值为6.5～7.3,但是酒精的pH对于勾兑奶酒的pH并没有决定性的影响.实验还研究了勾兑奶酒在储存过程中其体系的pH值的变化.     

米糠与米糠蛋白质的开发与利用

米糠是一种廉价、低利用率但营养丰富的稻米加工副产品 .米糠中的蛋白质是一种低过敏性、高生物效价的优质植物蛋白质 .从植物原料中提取蛋白质通常使用碱法提取 ,而酶法提取则能更好地保证米糠蛋白质的营养价值 .米糠蛋白质作为一种新型蛋白质资源 ,可直接用于改善食品的营养和质构 ,也可用于生物活性肽的生产 .     

Systematic Evaluation of Pancreas Allograft Quality,Outcomes and Geographic Variation in Utilization

Pancreas allograft acceptance is markedly more selective than other solid organs. The number of pancreata recovered is insufficient to meet the demand for pancreas transplants (PTx), particularly for patients awaiting simultaneous kidney‐pancreas (SPK) transplant. Development of a pancreas donor risk index (PDRI) to identify factors associated with an increased risk of allograft failure in the context of SPK, pancreas after kidney (PAK) or pancreas transplant alone (PTA), and to assess variation in allograft utilization by geography and center volume was undertaken. Retrospective analysis of all PTx performed from 2000 to 2006 (n = 9401) was performed using Cox regression controlling for donor and recipient characteristics. Ten donor variables and one transplant factor (ischemia time) were subsequently combined into the PDRI. Increased PDRI was associated with a significant, graded reduction in 1‐year pancreas graft survival. Recipients of PTAs or PAKs whose organs came from donors with an elevated PDRI (1.57–2.11) experienced a lower rate of 1‐year graft survival (77%) compared with SPK transplant recipients (88%). Pancreas allograft acceptance varied significantly by region particularly for PAK/PTA transplants (p < 0.0001). This analysis demonstrates the potential value of the PDRI to inform organ acceptance and potentially improve the utilization of higher risk organs in appropriate clinical settings.     

Comparison of Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty Involving Postoperative Neutral or Residual Mild Varus Alignment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Comparing mainly clinical and functional outcomes as well as prosthesis survival with neutral and residual mild varus alignment, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from 1 January 1974 to 18 December 2020 to identify studies comparing clinical and functional outcomes as well as prosthesis survival in the presence of different alignments after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for varus knees. The included studies were assessed by two researchers according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Postoperative neutral alignment (0° ± 3°) was compared to residual mild varus (3°–6°) and residual severe varus (>6°). Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. The odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) were used to compare dichotomous and continuous variables. The fixed‐effect model and random‐effect model were used to meta‐analyze the data. Nine studies were included in the meta‐analysis with 1410 cases of postoperative neutral alignment, 564 of residual mild varus alignment and 175 of residual severe varus alignment following TKA, all of which were published after 2013. Three studies scored 7 points on the NOS, while the remaining studies scored 8 points, suggesting high quality. The pooled mean differences (MDs) of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.06 to 3.20; P = 0.32; I ² = 79%]. The meta‐analysis showed that neutral alignment and mild varus alignment were associated with similar the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Society Knee Score (KS‐KS), and Knee Society Function Score (KS‐FS), while neutral alignment was associated with lower Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) [mean difference −6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) −9.37 to −2.64, P = 0.0005]. Neutral alignment was associated with higher KS‐KS than severe alignment (M 2.98, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.55, P = 0.0002; I ² = 0%) as well as higher KS‐FS (M 8.20, 95% CI 4.58 to 11.82, P < 0.00001; I ² = 0%). Neutral alignment was associated with similar rate of survival as mild varus alignment (95% CI 0.36 to 9.10; P = 0.48; I ² = 65%) or severe varus alignment (95% CI 0.94 to 37.90; P = 0.06; I ² = 61%). There was no statistical difference in others. Residual mild varus alignment after TKA may lead to similar or superior outcomes than neutral alignment in patients with preoperative varus knees, yet the available evidence appears to be insufficient to replace the current gold standard of neutral alignment. Severe varus alignment should be avoided.     

Azathioprine and Risk of Skin Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Azathioprine, a purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant, photosensitizes the skin and causes the production of mutagenic reactive oxygen species. It is postulated to increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other skin cancers in organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but evidence from multiple, largely single‐center studies to date has been inconsistent. We aimed to resolve the issue of azathioprine's carcinogenicity by conducting a systematic review of the relevant literature and pooling published risk estimates to evaluate the risks of SCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), keratinocyte cancers (KCs) overall and other skin cancers in relation to azathioprine treatment. Twenty‐seven studies were included in total, with risk estimates from 13 of these studies able to be pooled for quantitative analysis. The overall summary estimate showed a significantly increased risk of SCC in relation to azathioprine exposure (1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.18). No significant associations between azathioprine treatment and BCC (0.96, 95% CI 0.66–1.40) or KC (0.84, 95% CI 0.59–1.21) risk were observed. There was significant heterogeneity between studies for azathioprine risk estimates and the outcomes of SCC, BCC and KC. The pooled findings of available evidence support the contention that treatment with azathioprine increases the risk of SCC in OTRs.     

Cancer Screening Recommendations for Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. However, controversies exist around cancer screening in this population owing to reduced life expectancy and competing causes of death. This systematic review assesses the availability, quality and consistency of cancer screening recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We systematically searched bibliographic databases and gray literature to identify CPGs and assessed their quality using AGREE II. Recommendations were extracted along with their supporting evidence. Thirteen guidelines were included in the review. CPGs for kidney recipients were the most frequent source of screening recommendations, and recommendations for skin cancer screening were most frequently presented. Some screening recommendations differed from those for the general population, based on literature demonstrating higher cancer incidence among SOTRs versus direct evidence of screening effectiveness. Relevant stakeholders such as oncology specialists, primary care providers and public health experts were not involved in the formulation of the screening recommendations. In conclusion, although several guidelines make recommendations for cancer screening in SOTRs, the availability of cancer screening recommendations varied considerably by transplanted organ. More studies are required to inform cancer screening recommendations in SOTRs, and guideline development should involve transplant patients, oncologists and cancer screening specialists.