脑电双频谱指数用于麻醉中监测的评估

双频谱指数在监测麻醉深度和镇静程度上客观、连续、简单，效果较好，且与多种麻醉药之间线性关系明确，可指导合理用药和正确预测麻醉效果，但其预测效果与所用的麻醉剂和麻醉方法相关。     

纤维蛋白封闭剂在颅脑手术中应用的实验研究

目的 观察纤维蛋白封闭剂的止血效果和对脑组织的影响。方法 随机将实验对象分为实验组和对照组，观察使用纤维蛋白封闭剂后，所用止血时间的变化以及止血效果；并在不同时间点取材行HE染色，观察其对周围脑组织的影响。结果 实验组使用纤维蛋白封闭剂后，止血时间明显缩短。差别有显著性；术后通过CT检查，证明其止血效果可靠；通过组织形态学观察，发现纤维蛋白封闭剂对周围脑组织影响较小，并可在短期内降解吸收。结论 纤维蛋白封闭剂在颅脑手术中应用，止血可靠安全。     

腹腔镜胰腺外科的应用解剖

腹腔镜手术效果与开腹手术相比，其优势不容置疑。迄今为止，在微创外科中，腹腔镜技术的应用最为普及，效果最好。然而，由于胰腺位置深在，毗邻关系复杂，给手术带来很大的难度，成为提高手术质量和普及的瓶颈。同时受手术费用、特殊腹腔镜器械等因素的制约，腹腔镜胰腺手术的开展落后于其他腹腔镜手术，其优势难以充分发挥，     

预处理对脱水蔬菜色素保存的影响

用不同保色溶液对胡萝卜、青椒和菜豆进行预处理，得出了其干制品色素保存率的最佳预处理方案，并讨论了金属离子预处理对青椒和菜豆的保绿效果，以及硫化处理对胡萝卜的保色效果。     

胃旁路手术和袖状胃切除手术术后指导方法的异同分析

<正>目前，我国减重代谢手术的开展规模迅速扩大。代谢手术开展规模的快速扩大得益于其优秀的治疗效果。除了标准的手术操作和正确的手术方式选择以外，规范持续的术后随访指导，也是确保手术治疗效果的重要因素。不能依从术后指导的病人，其减重效果和复胖情况与其他病人存在显著差异^[1]。由于减重代谢手术的术式不断更新发展，不同手术的术后并发症情况和注意事项明显不同。目前，     

硬膜外腔持续镇痛对剖宫产术后泌乳和肠蠕动的影响

手术后硬膜外腔持续镇痛已于临床广泛应用，其效果较好，副作用小，本研究拟对剖宫产术后病人施行术后硬膜外腔持续镇痛，观察其镇痛效果及对产妇的泌乳和肠蠕动的影响，并与术后无硬膜外腔持续镇痛组进行比较，现报告如下。     

小剂量米非司酮用于紧急避孕的临床观察

小剂量米非司酮用于紧急避孕的临床观察王翠萍付世君毛文娟李惠军唐鸿梅米非司酮作为紧急避孕药，效果最佳［１］，但因其服用剂量较大，胃肠道副反应发生率较高。根据国内适当减低其剂量而不影响其效果［２］的经验，作者对低剂量米非司酮作为紧急避孕药的有效性和副反应...     

右心室双出口的外科治疗

右心室双出口是少见而又复杂的先天性心脏病，其解剖形态有较多的变异，因而手术治疗方法和效果也因病理类型而异。现报道我们右心室双出口的外科治疗及其效果。     

前列腺特异性抗原应用进展

自１９７９年发现前列腺特异性抗原以后，其对前列腺病变的诊断及癌治疗效果观察越来越具有重要意义，但在开始应用时，由于其敏感性和特异性较低而限制其广泛应用，近年来经过对其进一步研究，使其敏感性和特异性明显提高，而且在临床应用中也有了深入的认识。     

结直肠息肉内镜下治疗方法及选用

随着结直肠息肉内镜治疗应用日益广泛，其治疗效果和并发症的发生在临床逐渐成为关注焦点。内镜下切除结直肠息肉经济、安全、痛苦小，通过息肉的形状、局部浸润情况选择合适的治疗方法，不仅能保证其治疗效果，更能减少术后并发症，应予以提倡。本文总结了近期文献中关于内镜切除结直肠息肉常见方法，并对其选用适应证进行分析汇总，以便在临床中选用。     

The transfusion of conserved blood

A brief résumé has been given of the technic and results of transfusion with conserved blood. Conserved blood from a living donor is superior to blood obtained from the placenta or the cadaver but is inferior to fresh blood from a living donor.     

动脉置管处改良采血法检测血气分析与APTT的可行性研究

目的探讨从肝素维持的动脉置管处采集血标本的方法,避免浪费血液。方法对30例带有动脉测压置管患儿,用常规法(弃含有肝素的血液3mL)和改良法(不弃血)分别先后从动脉置管处采血。结果两组血气分析,生化指标即钾(K+)、钠(Na+)、红细胞压积(Hct)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论从以肝素维持的动脉置管中采血,不弃血采血法可以替代常规采血法,检测血气分析、生化指标可行。     

Bone gla: Protein in blood derived directly from human bone tissue

Summary In order to find out whether the concentration of bone gla-protein (BGP) is elevated in blood derived directly from bone tissue compared to peripherically sampled blood a peroperative model was used. Blood was collected simultaneously from an armvein and from the osteotomized surface of the bone during total hip replacement in 18 patients Peripheral blood was also collected before the anaesthetic procedure. The anaesthetic and/or the operative procedure slightly decreased the level of BGP in the peripheral blood during this short time interval, but serum BGP was not different in the bone-marrow derived blood and in the peripheral blood taken simultaneously. These data suggest that BGP released from bone into the circulation is rapidly cleared from the marrow and that peripheral serum BGP is a valid index of the bone-derived levels of BGP.     

脾外伤回收血的变化及其对凝血功能的影响

目的：探讨脾外伤应用自体血回输技术,病人的回收血巾血细胞及其相关指标的变化和其对凝血功能的影响。方法：2008年至2009年收治的24例单纯脾外伤行全脾切除的病人,分别在术前、回收血、回输后2h采集血样,分析其血细胞计数、血红蛋白、凝血功能及血小板激活指标（P-选择素、血小板第4因子）的变化。结果：①回收血中红细胞计数、血小板计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞比容比循环血低;②回收血中P选择素、血小板第4因子增加;凝血因子Ⅶ活性、凝血因子Ⅻ活性降低,凝血酶原片段F1＋2升高,凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时问、活化部分凝血活酶时间延长;纤维蛋白原减低;⑧回收血液中红细胞呈棘状细胞状;洗涤后,部分红细胞恢复至正常双凹圆盘状;④血液回输后与回收血相比,RBC计数及Het明显升高。结论：①回收血与循环血不同,表现为全血细胞数目不同,血小板被激活,循环血中凝血酶原片段F1＋2水平升高,考虑凝血系统被激活;②回收血液并不会使循环血液内的血小板激活：③自体血液回收技术对RBC形态无明显影响。     

Elimination kinetics of sevoflurane and halothane from blood, brain, and adipose tissue in the rat

Using the rat as an animal model, the elimination kinetics of sevoflurane and halothane from brain, blood, and adipose tissue were compared. Elimination of sevoflurane and halothane from blood and brain was biexponential. The rapid, alpha-elimination rates of sevoflurane from blood and brain were faster than the corresponding rates for halothane. However, the slower beta-elimination rates from brain and blood, as well as the elimination rates from adipose tissue, were similar for both volatile anesthetics. Thus, the potential for residual postoperative impairment from subanesthetic tissue concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane may be similar even though sevoflurane is initially eliminated more rapidly from blood and brain.     

体外循环期间心腔血血小板膜糖蛋白Ib含量的变化

目的：探讨心肺转流（CPB）体外循环期间心腔血血小板膜糖蛋白Ib的变化及与凝血的关系。方法：用流式细胞术对40例先天性心脏病房或室间隔缺损患者在CPB下行心内修补术时的心腔血血小板膜糖蛋白Ib免疫荧光定量测定,同时与本组体外循环全血比较。结果：全血血小板膜糖 蛋白Ib在选定的三个时点分别下降10％、28％和25％,而心腔血则都下降50％以上。结论：CPB期间心腔血血小板表面膜糖蛋白Ib明显减少,已无凝血功能。     

Blood transfusion during thoracic surgery]

In 90 patients, to whom blood transfusion was done while the thoracic operation conduction, the blood hemoglobin (Hb) content was analysed. In the patients, to whom intraoperatively the blood preparations transfusion was done, Hb concentration in the blood was lower than in patients with similar blood loss, but who was not blood transfused. While the own blood transfusion conduction, which was reinfused from the pleural cavity, the Hb level lowering was not observed. In 1998, comparing with 1984, the blood transfusion rate had lowered from 14.7 to 4.1% while the intraoperative complications rate lowering. The anastomosis sutures insufficiency occurrence rate had reduced also after reconstructive operations on trachea from 7.6% (in 1978-1987) down to 1.8% (in 1988-1998).     

Effect of blood transfusions from different H-2 donors on immune responses in mice

We studied the effect of blood transfusions (BT) from different H-2 donors on the induction of suppressor cells (SC) and of MLC inhibitory activity in serum in a drug-unmodified mouse model. Balb/c (H-2d) mice were transfused at weekly intervals with whole blood from donors of three strains using two transfusion protocols. In protocol I, blood was transfused first from C3H/HeJ (C3H) (H-2k), then C57Bl (H-2b), and then SJL (H-2s) strain mice, and in protocol II the order of blood donors was reversed. Spleen cells and serum samples were obtained from the transfused mice one and two weeks after the last BT. In both transfusion protocols, the kinetics of responses of cells from recipient transfused mice to cells from the blood donors in MLC were similar to those of cells from nontransfused mice. The peak responses of cells from transfused mice were consistently lower than those of cells from nontransfused mice. In cell-mixing experiments, radiosensitive SC capable of inhibiting responses of Balb/c mice to cells from all three blood donors in MLC could be demonstrated one week after the last transfusion in both protocols. Two weeks after the last BT, SC were demonstrable only against the first (C3H) blood donor in protocol I, and against all three blood donors in protocol II. Serum obtained one week after transfusion in protocol I inhibited responses of Balb/c mice to stimulator lymphocytes from all three blood donors in MLC. Serum obtained two weeks after BT, however, inhibited responses of recipient mice only to the first blood donor. In contrast, in protocol II, serum obtained both one and two weeks after BT did not cause inhibition of responses of cells from Balb/c mice to blood donor cells in MLC. Similar results were obtained when Balb/c mice were transfused at weekly intervals with whole blood from either C3H or from SJL mice. The data suggest that the induction of SC and/or MLC-inhibitory activity in the serum after BT is dependent on the H-2 type of the first blood donor.     

心脏术后床旁血气检测结果的差异性分析

［摘要］ 目的 对心脏术后床旁血气检测结果的差异性进行分析,提高床旁血气检测管理规范执行的依从性,从而提高结果准确度。方法 选择2018年1月至2月心脏重症监护室363例术后患者作为研究对象,每例患者同一时间分别进行床旁血气分析电解质检测和送检验科进行血液生化、血常规检测,对比使用床旁血气分析仪与检验科生化血常规检测分析这两种方法获得的钠、钾、血糖、细胞压积结果的差异性,并分析不同操作者对检测结果差异性的影响。收取2018年1月至6月六个月的床旁血气检测质量管理评定的评分进行对比。结果 两种检测方法仅血钠及红细胞压积两个结果之间存在差异,具有统计学意义。操作者客观因素中,只有基础学历影响具有统计学意义。床旁血气检测质量管理评定评分由原来的55分上升至93分。结论 通过对床旁血气检测与检验科两种检测方法结果的差异分析,临床据此制定严谨的床旁血气分析管理规范,提高其执行的依从性。     

Monitoring of heparin in vascular surgery

In patients heparinized for surgery on the infrarenal aorta, the degree of anticoagulation by heparin of stasis blood (taken from below the aortic clamp) was compared with that obtained in circulating blood taken from a forearm artery. A measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was made on a venous blood sample taken from each patient before 5000 units of heparin was administered intravenously. Further measurements of APTT from static blood and from circulating arterial blood were made at 3, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after heparinization. Samples taken below the aortic clamp showed measurements of APTT lower than those from circulating arterial blood at 15, 30, and 60 minutes (p less than 0.05 paired Wilcoxon rank sum test). Current methods for administering and monitoring heparin may not provide an adequate degree of anticoagulation in static blood during vascular surgery. The consequences, if any, of inadequate anticoagulation in vascular surgery need further study.