甲壳低聚糖功能性质

对５种平均分子量（ＭＷ）分别为１５００，３０００，５０００，８０００，１３０００甲壳低聚糖的水溶性、保湿性、吸湿性以及抑菌作用进行了研究。结果表明：ＭＷ１５００和３０００的甲壳低聚糖具有优良的水溶性，其吸湿性和保湿性强于透明质酸、乳酸钠和甘油，并且也有显著的抑菌作用。甲壳低聚糖的分子量大小和游离氨基的存在是影响其功能性质的关键因素。     

中草药抗菌作用的研究进展

抗生素的发明和应用是人类在20世纪医药领域最伟大的成就之一,但是近年来,滥用抗生素导致的细菌耐药性问题日益突出,严重影响临床疗效及患者安全。早在20世纪50年代我国医药工作者即开始了中药抑菌作用与抑菌成分的研究,并发现许多具有抗菌作用的中药[1]。研究发现,中草药具有广谱抗菌的作用,且药源广泛、价格低廉及作用靶位多,并有增强机体免疫力、不易产生耐药性等优点[2-3]。     

蝇蛆分泌物提取液对感染创面抗菌作用的初步研究

目的 研究丝光绿蝇幼虫分泌物对细菌感染创面的抗菌活性及作用.方法 提取蝇幼虫分泌物,以临床感染创面上分离培养出的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用琼脂平板法做抑菌实验,记录对以上细菌的抑制效果,生理盐水和头孢哌酮盐水溶液做对照.结果 蝇幼虫分泌物对分离培养出的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抗菌活性.结论 蝇蛆分泌物对感染创面具有较强的抗菌作用.     

酶法制备壳低聚糖对细菌的抑制作用

研究了由壳聚糖内切酶、外切酶和混合酶降解制备的5种不同相对分子质量壳低聚糖在不同浓度下对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,相对分子质量2 100的壳低聚糖对大肠杆菌抑制作用最明显.相对分子质量9 000的壳低聚糖对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌效果最好.壳低聚糖对枯草芽孢杆菌抗菌作用随相对分子质量减小而逐渐减弱.壳低聚糖对两种菌的抑菌效果均随浓度的增加而增强.     

三七在肾脏疾病中的应用及其作用机制

三七为五加科人参属植物Ｐａｎａｘｎｏｔｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ(Ｂｕｒｋ)Ｆ .Ｈ .Ｃｈｅｎ的根茎 ,又称田七、人参三七、田三七等。其味甘、微苦、性温。有散瘀止血、消肿止痛、补血活血、滋补强壮等功效 ,主要含三七皂甙、人参皂甙、三七素等成分〔1～ 3〕。三七的药理作用涉及全身各系统 ,在临床上也广泛应用于消化系统、心脑血管系统和泌尿系统等。在此仅就其对肾脏疾病的作用及其机制作一综述。　　 1　改善血液流变学及肾脏微循环 ,减少尿蛋白排泄、保护肾功能　　三七在改善血液流变学及肾脏微循环方面有独特疗效 ,其作用机制可能包括 :(…     

不合理抗菌药物应用分析

目的探讨抗菌药物的应用情况,指导临床合理用药。方法随机对笔者所在医院2009～2010年的门（急）诊处方抽样并进行合理性分析。结果本调查抗菌药物使用率为29.25%,不合理处方占抗菌药物处方的12.38%。结论医院门诊抗菌药物存在多种不合理应用现象,应加强管理。     

临床感染病原菌的变迁及其与抗菌药物应用的关系

目的:分析医院病原菌的结构和耐药的变迁趋势,探讨病原菌的变迁与临床抗菌药物使用的关系。方法:对解放军总医院第一附属医院1995年以来11年临床标本病原菌的分离鉴定结果进行统计分析,结合同期临床抗菌药物的使用强度,分析病原菌变迁与抗菌药物使用的相关性。结果:11年间从临床标本中共分离出病原菌15914株。①G 菌中金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)和耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA)的构成比上升趋势明显,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)和肠球菌属的构成比波动幅度较大,但变化趋势不明显。G-菌中,铜绿假单胞菌的构成比虽有波动,但始终维持在高水平;大肠杆菌和变形杆菌的构成比明显下降,不动杆菌的构成比明显上升。②1995年构成比最高的3种病原菌依次为大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金葡菌,2005年变为铜绿假单胞菌、金葡菌和不动杆菌。③我院抗菌药物的使用强度在2005年达70DDD/100人天,使用最多的药物种类为喹诺酮类、二代头孢菌素和含酶抑制剂的三代头孢菌素;单一品种药物为左氧氟沙星、头孢呋辛和阿奇霉素。④大环内酯类、糖肽类、碳青霉烯类和3代头孢/抑制剂等药物的使用强度变化与多种病原菌构成比的变化呈显著正相关,MR-SA构成比的变化与多种药物使用强度变化呈显著正相关。结论:常见病原菌的耐药水平逐渐升高,将会增大抗感染治疗的难度;抗菌药物使用强度的变化有可能导致病原菌结构和耐药水平的变化。     

分形理论及其在食品科学领域中的应用

将研究非线性系统中产生的不规则、不光滑几何形体的分形理论应用于食品科学领域已经取得了很大成功.分形理论很好地解释了DNA、蛋白质和酶等生物大分子、食品质量控制、食品加工过程、酶催化动力学等方面的许多非线性问题.分形理论为人们研究食品科学领域中的非线性问题提供了全新的思路和有效的方法.     

Management of Neonatal Ovarian Cysts and its Effect on Ovarian Preservation

Background/Purpose

Management of asymptomatic neonatal ovarian cysts varies. Some surgeons advocate initial observation, while others recommend immediate operation depending on cyst size and complexity. This study aims to compare outcomes of initial observation versus primary surgery, focusing on incidence of postnatal torsion and ovarian preservation.

Methods

A retrospective study (1997–2012) of neonates with an ovarian mass was performed. Data on cyst size, ultrasound characteristics, clinical course, complications, and pathology were extracted.

Results

Thirty-seven neonates with asymptomatic ovarian cysts were identified (N = 25 observed, N = 12 primary surgery). Overall, 12/25 (48%) observed had successful cyst regression, including 3/8 (38%) cysts ≥ 50 mm and 6/15 (40%) complex. 13/25 patients (52%) underwent surgery for failure of cyst regression (11/13) or concern for interval torsion (2/13). Postnatal torsion occurred in 1/25 observation patients (4%), or 1/8 (13%) with cysts ≥ 50 mm. Overall rate of ovarian preservation between groups was not statistically different [6/8 (75%) observed versus 8/9 (89%) primary surgery; P = 0.577]. Pathology found viable ovarian tissue in all oophorectomy specimens (N = 3).

Conclusions

Postnatal torsion is rare. A period of observation spares half of neonates from an operation, without decreasing ovarian salvage. Initial management should consist of observation, regardless of size or complex characteristics. If operative intervention is necessary, ovary preserving techniques should be utilized.     

可食性膜在樱桃番茄保鲜中的应用

采用可食性膜对樱桃番茄进行保鲜实验 ,测定在贮藏过程中樱桃番茄中的总糖、总酸、VC含量的变化以及其呼吸强度、失重率、烂果率和质构的变化 ,可以看出涂膜保鲜的效果良好 ,樱桃番茄的货架期在 (2 8± 3)℃条件下达到 15d .     

Comparison of Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin Preservation in Renal Transplantation

Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) is replacing University of Wisconsin (UW) solution as the preservation fluid for renal allografts in many centers, but recent large-scale data to support this transition are lacking. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient and graft outcomes after renal transplantation at our center, comparing 475 consecutive living donor and 317 deceased donor transplants since the adoption of HTK with equal numbers of grafts preserved using UW solution. Data collected included donor and recipient age, race, sex, comorbidities and graft ischemia time. Graft and patient survival, as well as the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), were studied by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. No significant difference was seen in either patient or graft survival. Deceased donor kidneys in the HTK group had a higher incidence of DGF than the UW cohort, whereas this trend was reversed in the case of living donor organs. In multivariate analysis, HTK was associated with a significant risk reduction on the incidence of DGF. Prolonged preservation with HTK compared to UW was not associated with excess risk to the graft or patient. In summary, HTK demonstrated efficacy similar to UW in terms of patient and graft survival.     

Cold Storage Preservation and Warm Ischaemic Injury to Isolated Arterial Segments: Endothelial Cell Injury

Injury to endothelial cells is thought to be important to the development of the vascular lesion of chronic rejection. It was the aim of this study to develop a semiquantitative method to assess endothelial injury in arterial grafts and to document the injury produced by cold storage preservation and additional warm ischaemia. Twelve- and 24-h cold preservation of rat aortic segments, together with an additional 1 h of warm ischaemia, were assessed. Electron micrographs of representative endothelial cells were scored for cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial injury. The overall injury score was obtained by addition of the individual scores. Storage for up to 24 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Terasaki did not produce any injury. Twenty-four hours of storage in Euro-Collins resulted in endothelial cell death. Injury occurred after 12 h of storage in Ross, Collins and normal saline, and the injury increased following 24 h of storage. One hour of warm ischaemia did not increase the injury. Injury to endothelial cells varies with the preservation solution used and the time of cold storage, so that both the type of solution and the storage time should be taken into account in clinical studies looking at the influence of cold ischaemia time and graft outcome.