桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损的手术疗效.方法 设计游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复指腹缺损20例.指腹皮肤缺损范围1.5 cm ×2.5 cm～3.5 cm ×2.0 cm.以桡动脉浅支走行于腕掌侧设计皮瓣,于皮瓣近端切取正中神经掌皮支重建感觉.结果 20例移植皮瓣全部成活,未发生血管危象.随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地血运良好,外形满意,两点辨别觉5～7 mm,手指伸展、屈曲活动正常.结论 游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣切取方便、供区损伤小,是修复手指指腹缺损的一种较好方法.     

桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法2008年8月-2012年1月,采用游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损伴骨或肌腱外露30例,以桡动脉浅支走行于腕掌侧设计皮瓣,其中20例于皮瓣近端切取正中神经掌皮支重建感觉。皮肤缺损范围为1.5 cm×2.5 cm～2.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果本组30例皮瓣全部成活,未发生血管危象。术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地血运良好,外形满意,两点辨别觉为5～7 mm,供区无并发症。结论游离桡动脉浅支皮瓣切取方便,供区损伤小,是修复手指皮肤缺损较为理想的方法。     

游离桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣再造手指末节指腹

目的探讨游离桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣再造手指末节指腹的治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2018年6月收治的20例手指末节指腹缺损的患者临床资料,20例均采用游离桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣再造手指末节指腹。经过6~12个月随诊评估游离桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣再造手指末节指腹的治疗效果。结果所有患者皮瓣均成活,供区均Ⅰ期愈合,仅留有线性瘢痕,腕关节屈伸功能较术前未见异常。受区皮瓣质地柔软、外观好、功能佳,带有正中神经掌皮支的皮瓣,术后受区感觉恢复良好。皮瓣两点辨别觉达6~9 mm,平均7 mm。按中华医学会手外科学会手功能评定试用标准评定:优15例,良5例。结论游离桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣具有手术操作简便、皮瓣质地柔软、外观好、功能佳,供区损伤较小且隐蔽等优点,是再造手指末节指腹的理想方法之一。     

静脉皮瓣与桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣修复伴动脉缺损手指创面的疗效对比

目的比较分析静脉皮瓣和桡动脉掌浅支(SPBRA)皮瓣修复伴有指掌侧固有动脉缺损的手指创面的临床疗效。方法回顾自2014年7月至2018年3月伴有指掌侧固有动脉缺损的手指创面40例40指,其中采用静脉皮瓣(A组)修复18例、SPBRA皮瓣(B组)修复22例,均进行门诊随访收集相关资料。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件对其手术时间、皮瓣2-PD、患者满意度、皮瓣外观、供区并发症、皮瓣成活率及患指关节活动度进行分析比较,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果40例皮瓣术后均全部成活,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。A组手术时间为(78.89±7.36)min,较B组[(97.27±9.26)min]短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组和B组分别平均随访11.6、12.1个月,末次随访皮瓣2-PD测量值分别为(7.94±1.55)mm、(6.59±1.65)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手功能活动度:A组,优13例,良5例;B组,优17例,良5例,优良率均为100%。患者满意度:A组,非常满意4例,满意13例,一般1例;B组,非常满意17例,满意5例;皮瓣外观:A组,良16例,差2例;B组,良21例,差1例。两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伴有动脉缺损的手指创面,静脉皮瓣和SPBRA皮瓣桥接修复均可获得较高的成活率和满意的临床疗效。依据感觉恢复首选SPBRA皮瓣;依据操作难易程度,静脉皮瓣操作相对容易。     

Reconstruction of a fingertip with a thenar perforator island flap

Abstract

We raised thenar island flaps that were supplied by perforators that originated in the superficial palmar arch or the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery for the reconstruction of fingertip defects in eight patients. The flap was so well-vascularised that a large flap with increased mobility could be raised. The donor site was covered with well-vascularised thick tissue, and skin grafting of the donor site was avoided in all cases. No patient developed a complication, and all flaps survived. Functional and cosmetic results of both fingertips and donor sites were excellent. A perforator island flap from the thenar eminence can be raised easily without injuring any digital and palmar arteries. They have a good colour and texture that matches the fingertips and donor site defects on the palm.     

The use of innervated radial artery superficial palmar branch perforator free flap for complex digital injuries reconstruction

Loco-regional flaps have been widely used for the reconstruction of digital injuries without requiring microvascular anastomosis, however, they result in scarring and compromised functional outcomes. This study demonstrates our experience utilizing the innervated radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASPB) perforator free flap for complex digital injury reconstruction. From May 2007 to March 2014, the innervated RASPB perforator free flap was used to reconstruct 79 distal complex hand and digital soft tissue defects of which 14 were used to re-vascularise the distal digit in a flow-through fashion. All free flaps were innervated by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve. All 79 free flaps survived and all 14 digits re-vascularized successfully. One flow-through free flap developed distal skin necrosis which healed uneventfully without further procedure. The average follow-up was 21.5 months. Measurement of two-point discrimination ranged from 7 to 13?mm. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. The innervated RASPB perforator free flap is a feasible and effective option for the reconstruction of complex digital defects and the flow-through concept, when utilized in cases with compromised vascularity, provides reliable re-vascularization. Level III, therapeutic study.     

桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法对10例手指皮肤缺损的创面，应用桡动脉掌浅支游离皮瓣修复，皮瓣面积：1.5 cm×2.0 cm～2.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果10例皮瓣成活好，其中1例皮瓣术后出现血管痉挛，血管解痉后成活。本组术后均获随访1～12个月，10例皮瓣外形满意，质地色泽好，两点辨别觉6～9 mm，患指活动功能良好，供区直接闭合。结论桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤缺损可获得良好的临床疗效，是修复手指皮肤缺损一种理想皮瓣。     

桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣在手指创面修复中的应用

目的:总结桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣在手指创面修复中的应用方法及疗效。方法:2012年11月~2013年5月,收治9例手指创面患者,其中男5例,女4例;年龄13~68岁,平均42.5岁。致伤原因:机器挤压伤4例,压砸伤4例,热压伤1例。致伤部位:均为手指,其中拇指1例,示指4例,中指3例,环指1例,小指2例,指掌侧创面5例,指背侧创面4例,创面范围1.5cm×3cm~3.0cm×7cm,单纯皮肤软组织缺损1例,其余均伴指骨骨折、肌腱损伤、血管神经等损伤,急诊一期手术5例,延迟手术4例;然后采用大小为2.0cm×3.5cm~3.5cm×7.5cm的桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣游离移植修复缺损;供区直接缝合。结果:术后皮瓣完全成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;供区切口Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均8.5月。皮瓣不臃肿,颜色及质地与周围正常皮肤相似,手指外形满意。手指恢复部分浅感觉,术后6月,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准中拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定,获优7例,良1例,中1例,差0例,优良率88.89%。结论:桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹游离皮瓣具有术后功能、外观良好的优点,是修复手指创面的理想方法之一。     

游离骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣在手指缺损创面的临床使用

目的 ：探讨以游离骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣在手指缺损创面中的临床使用效果。方法 ：选取2021年5月至2022年11月收治的8例手指皮肤软组织缺损患者,男7例,女1例;年龄24～54岁;手指皮肤软组织缺损面积3.0 cm×1.5 cm～5.0 cm×3.0 cm。受伤至皮瓣修复手术时间3～83 h。所有患者采用游离骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣修复手指缺损创面,皮瓣切取面积3.5 cm×2.0 cm～5.2 cm×3.5 cm,皮瓣供区均直接缝合关闭。观察术后皮瓣成活,外观、质地及供区并发症,并采用Dargan功能标准评定手指功能评价临床疗效。结果：8例患者皮瓣均成活,随访时间3～12个月。皮瓣无明显臃肿、质地柔软,无明显色素沉着,供区仅留线性瘢痕,未见明显并发症。其中3例修复手指掌侧缺损创面的皮瓣感觉恢复良好,两点辨别觉5～9 mm。患指关节Dargan功能评价,优3例,良5例。结论：游离骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣修复手指缺损创面,皮瓣厚薄适中,手术切取方便,术后皮瓣外观及质地良好,供区创伤小,无明显并发症,临床疗效满意。     

桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹Flow-through皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损

目的应用桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹Flow-through皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损伴指动脉缺损创面,更好恢复手指生理供血,提高临床疗效。方法2008年8月-2018年10月,对收治的48例手指皮肤软组织缺损伴指动脉缺损患者,切取桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹Flow-through皮瓣覆盖手指缺损创面,让创伤缺损动脉恢复再通血;供区直接缝合。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合,48例均获得随访,随访时间32~48周,平均40周,末次随访时皮瓣质地柔软,指体外观无臃肿,颜色与患指周围皮肤相似,皮瓣两点辨别觉6~12 mm,手指功能根据总主动活动度(TAM)法评定,优45例,良2例,可1例,优良率97.9%。结论手指皮肤软组织缺损伴动脉缺损,影响指端供血,应用桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹Floe-through皮瓣修复,巧妙桥接指动脉缺损,更好地恢复手指生理血供。     

尺动脉近端穿支皮瓣修复指掌侧面皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨尺动脉近端穿支皮瓣修复指掌侧面皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年2月我院收治的11例指掌侧面皮肤软组织缺损病人的临床资料,其中男7例,女4例,年龄为20～52岁,平均31.2岁,均采用尺动脉近端穿支皮瓣修复指掌侧面皮肤软组织缺损。皮肤软组织缺损面积为2.4 cm×1.8 cm～5.8 cm×2.5 cm,平均4.2 cm×2.2 cm。皮瓣切取面积为2.9 cm×2.3 cm～6.3 cm×3.0 cm,平均4.7 cm×2.7 cm。参照美国手外科协会总主动活动度（total action movement,TAM）系统评定手指功能。结果 11例皮瓣均成活,外形满意,伤口均一期愈合。全部病例获得随访,随访时间为6～22个月,平均8.4个月。皮瓣肤色红润,质地良好,厚薄适中,指掌侧面外形佳,弧度可,两点辨别觉为3.3～5.2 mm,平均4.0 mm。供区仅留有线形疤痕,无明显障碍。按TAM系统评定手指功能：优9例,良2例,优良率为100%。结论 尺动脉近端穿支皮瓣能有效修复指掌侧面皮肤软组织缺损,是一种行之有效的方法。     

游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损

目的 探讨修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经同时缺损的新方法.方法 2000年4月至2009年8月,应用游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤并神经缺损5例.足拇趾胫侧趾底固有神经修复小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;桡神经浅支修复尺神经及其深浅支缺损2例,修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;尺神经手背支修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例.足底内侧血管与尺血管吻合.供区取同侧大腿皮片移植修复.结果 术后皮瓣及移植皮片全部成活.5例获得6个月至4年的随访,皮瓣质地好、外观满意,无手内肌萎缩和爪形手畸形,皮瓣和手指感觉恢复达S3～S3+,皮瓣两点辨距觉为7～10 mm.尺神经深浅支缺损病例术后综合评价均为优.结论 游离足底内侧皮瓣是修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore a new method for repair of concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on ulnar side. Methods From April 2000 to August 2009, five cases with concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on ulnar side were reconstructed with free medial plantar flaps.Palmar nervous proprii defect at ulnar side of little finger was repaired by the first toe tibia nervous proprii in one case. The superficial branch of radial nerve was applied to repair the defect of ulnar nerve, as well as its deep or superficial branch in two cases. The superficial branch of radial nerve was also used to repair the defect of superficial branch of ulnar nerve, common palmar digital nerve of the fourth finger, Little finger ulnar palmar nervous proprii in one case. The dorsal branch of ulnar nerve was applied to repair the defect of superficial branch of ulnar nerve, common palmar digital nerve of the fourth finger, little finger ulnar palmar nervous proprii in one case. The vascular bundle of medial plantar flap was anastomozised with ulnar vascular bundle. The wounds at donor sites were covered with free skin grafts which were obtained from upper leg. Results All the flaps and skin grafts were survived completely. The five patients were followed up for six months to four years with no muscular atrophy or claw hand deformity. The esthetic result was satisfied. The Sensory of flaps and fingers recovered to S3 to S3+. The two-point discrimination distance on flaps was range from 7 mm to 10 mm. The postoperative comprehensive evaluation was excellent in the cases whose superficial and deep branches of ulnar nerve were repaired.Conclusions Free medial plantar flap is an effective method to repair concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on the ulnar side.     

拇指指腹缺损的显微外科修复

目的 探讨含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的临床疗效.方法 2000年2月-2010年3月,采用食指背岛状皮瓣、中指侧方岛状皮瓣、以桡侧指动脉为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣、桡动脉掌浅支为蒂的逆行皮瓣、拇指尺背侧动脉逆行皮瓣、拇指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣、第2趾趾腹皮瓣、？？趾甲皮瓣、大鱼际部浅静脉动脉化逆行皮瓣共9种皮瓣修复重建拇指指腹缺损134例.结果 3例皮瓣坏死,131例成活,6个月～1.5年随访108例,皮瓣外形血供充分,质地柔软,感觉测定S2～S4＋,两点辫别觉6～11mm.结论 采用含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损,对供区影响小、效果佳、为理想的术式选择.     

游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损

目的 探讨修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经同时缺损的新方法.方法 2000年4月至2009年8月,应用游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤并神经缺损5例.足拇趾胫侧趾底固有神经修复小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;桡神经浅支修复尺神经及其深浅支缺损2例,修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;尺神经手背支修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例.足底内侧血管与尺血管吻合.供区取同侧大腿皮片移植修复.结果 术后皮瓣及移植皮片全部成活.5例获得6个月至4年的随访,皮瓣质地好、外观满意,无手内肌萎缩和爪形手畸形,皮瓣和手指感觉恢复达S3～S3+,皮瓣两点辨距觉为7～10 mm.尺神经深浅支缺损病例术后综合评价均为优.结论 游离足底内侧皮瓣是修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损的有效方法.     

游离静脉皮瓣修复断指伴皮肤和指动脉缺损的疗效分析

目的评价应用前臂或足背静脉皮瓣修复断指伴皮肤和指动脉缺损的疗效。方法对13例断指伴掌侧皮肤、动脉缺损的患者行前臂静脉皮瓣移植8例,足背浅静脉皮瓣移植5例,其中带肌腱重建屈指功能3例,均为一期修复。结果13例静脉皮瓣与再植手指全部成活,外形与功能良好。结论静脉皮瓣一期修复再植手指血管与皮肤缺损操作方法可行,对供区损伤小,成活率高,手指外形好,如伴肌腱缺损．可同时重建手指屈伸功能。     

“化整为零”的理念进行同指两叶皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的介绍“化整为零”的理念进行同指两叶皮瓣修复1～5指远节软组织缺损的方法。方法自2（105年2月-2012年2月,将52例52指远节软组织缺损的创面均看成两个小的缺损创面．第1指采用桡侧筋膜皮瓣为一叶修复桡侧缺损,尺侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣为另一叶修复尺侧缺损：第2～5指均以指动脉终末背支皮瓣为一叶（上叶）修复指背缺损,另一叶（下叶）分别以指动脉岛状皮瓣、指动脉近节背支皮瓣、指掌侧静脉动脉化岛状皮瓣三种皮瓣修复指掌侧缺损。结果52例双叶皮瓣全部成活．除少部分发生水疱的病例痂下愈合外,余大部分病例伤口均一期愈合,随访6～20个月（平均10．2个月）,皮瓣质地优良,外形佳,各指关节运动尚可,按TAM系统评价：优45指,良6指。可2指,优良率96．2％。两点辨别觉4．0～8．5mm,平均6．2mm。感觉测定按BMRC评级标准为S2～S4级．平均S3级。结论该法是正确、可行的,切取简便,转移灵活,可一次性修复缺损,自由的掌控损伤,最大限度地降低供区损伤．皮瓣外形及感觉功能恢复好,为修复1～5指远节软组织缺损提供了全新的修复理念,值得推广。     

改良桡动脉穿支皮瓣在修复额面部组织缺损中的应用

目的 探讨改良桡动脉穿支皮瓣在修复额面部中小面积缺损中的临床应用.方法 以桡动脉腕上皮支动脉和桡动脉伴行静脉为蒂.通过筋膜蒂营养的前臂近端桡侧皮瓣(最大面积10 cm×5 cm),游离移植修复额面部肿瘤切除后的组织缺损10例.结果 修复额部缺损6例,面颊都缺损4例,术后皮瓣全部存活,经随访6～12个月后行皮瓣修薄整形术.10例病例经8～18个月随访,平均随访11.3个月,其中7例于术后6～9个月进行二次整形.所有病例皮瓣柔软,瘢痕不明显,皮色与面颊部基本接近,皮瓣两点分辨率在20～40mm.结论 改良的前臂桡动脉穿支皮瓣是修复额面部中小面积缺损的主要方法之一.     

Dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve: an anatomic study with potential clinical applications

An anatomical study was performed to assess the course of the dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve and to investigate potential clinical applications in hand surgery. Eight upper extremities were dissected, using an operating microscope. All branching points of the superficial radial nerve were noted and the distances from the radial styloid process were recorded. Their proximity to neighboring vascular structures was noted. The superficial branches of the radial nerve can vascularize axial neurofasciocutaneous flaps via their paraneural arterial network. In addition, various reverse neurofasciocutaneous flaps may be harvested, based on dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve. The nerve can be anastomosed with a suitable nerve in the recipient area. The dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve can easily be added to the reverse first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and other reverse dorsal metacarpal artery flaps, thus making it possible to form a sensate flap. These branches may be anastomosed with nerves in the recipient site, such as dorsal branches of digital nerve stump, without significant donor site morbidity. A free sensate first dorsal artery flap can be prepared with a combination of dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve and used with the same indications as a free digital artery flap. It has some advantages over the free digital artery flap, because the main neurovascular structures of the finger are kept intact. Finally, a dorsal nerve branch which accompanies the first dorsal metacarpal artery may be harvested with this artery and a subcutaneous dorsal vein as vascularized nerve graft. It can be used to repair a digital nerve defect in dense scar tissue. Received: 3 January 2000     

Perforator propeller flaps for lower extremity soft-tissue defect reconstruction: Shortening the learning curve

BackgroundThe perforator propeller flap is an advantageous option for soft tissue reconstruction in the lower limb as it ensures the preservation of the main artery and muscle, eliminates the need for microsurgical reconstruction as well as provides “like with like” resurfacing of the defects. Despite this, it remains a technically demanding reconstructive option for residents and surgeons with little experience in perforator dissection. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of our patients whose soft tissue defects were addressed with propeller flaps.MethodsA retrospective study of all propeller flap based reconstruction done on patients with soft tissue defects involving the distal third of the leg was undertaken from August 2018 to December 2020.Results28 patients were treated with propeller flaps for various lower extremity defects. The median defect size was 12 cm². The posterior tibial artery (PTA) was used in eleven cases (39.3%) and the peroneal artery (PA) in seventeen of the cases (60.7%). The complication rate was 28.6% (n = 8). The complete flap necrosis rate was 10.7% (n = 3) and partial flap necrosis rate was 7.1% (n = 2), The rate of venous congestion was 7.1% (n = 2) and wound dehiscence occurred in 3.5% (n = 1). There was a significant negative correlation between the number of cases performed by a resident and the operative time.ConclusionAlthough propeller flaps are a reliable option to address lower extremity defects, they have a long learning curve and require a good amount of experience and perforator dissection skills to reduce the probability of flap failure. We are of the opinion that residents should be adequately trained in this procedure to ensure optimal outcome delivery.