Soft Tissue Changes in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Anterior Maxillary Distraction versus Conventional Le-Fort I Osteotomy

The purpose of the study was to compare the soft tissue changes after maxillary advancement in patients with maxillary deficiency associated with cleft lip and palate (CLP) by two approaches—anterior maxillary distraction (AMD) and advancement LeFort I osteotomy (ALO). Twenty patients with maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate who had undergone either LeFort I osteotomy or distraction osteogenesis with maxillary advancement were included in this study. Lateral cephalogram taken at various intervals of time were used to evaluate soft tissue and hard tissue changes over time. In both groups, vertical as well as horizontal changes in pronasale was well observed. A substantial increase in nasal parameters was noted in case of AMD group in comparison to ALO. Though maxillary advancement was evident in both the groups, a significant and consistent change was observed in AMD. Significant vertical and horizontal changes were seen with respect to subnasale and labrale superius in AMD group. Soft tissue as well as hard tissue relapse was greater in ALO group than AMD group. Significant soft tissue and hard tissue changes were clearly observed in both the groups, but the treatment results were more consistent in cases treated with AMD. Hence AMD could be considered as a better treatment of choice in cases of maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate.     

Management of Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia with Anterior Maxillary Distraction: Our Experience

Maxillary hypoplasia is a common developmental problem in cleft lip and palate deformities. Since 1970s these deformities have traditionally been corrected by means of orthognathic surgery. Management of skeletal deformities in the maxillofacial region has been an important challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that uses body’s own repairing mechanisms for optimal reconstruction of the tissues. We present four cases of anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis with tooth borne distraction device-Hyrax, which were analyzed retrospectively for the efficacy of the tooth borne device-Hyrax and skeletal stability of distracted anterior maxillary segment.     

成年女性上颌前突术后颜面部软组织侧貌改变的研究

目的:探讨上颌前份节段性骨切开术矫治上颌前突畸形软组织侧貌改变,说明其稳定性。方法:对26例上颌前份节段性骨切开成年女性患者术前、术后1个月内及术后1年后的X线头影测量进行对比研究,并进行统计学分析。结果:1)术后软组织侧貌改变:上中切牙切缘点Is平均后移(6.1±2.7)mm(P<0.01),上唇突点Ls平均后移(4.6±1.6)mm(P<0.01),鼻唇角Cm-Sn-Ls平均增加(6.8±5.6)°(P<0.01),上下唇间隙Stm s-Stm i平均缩小(4.5±3.5)mm(P<0.01),露齿程度Is-Stm s平均减小(2.1±2.2)mm(P<0.05),上唇突度减小,上唇厚度、长度及软组织面型角G-Sn-Pgss无显著改变(P<0.05)。2)术后1年颜面软组织侧貌改变的稳定性;与手术后早期相比,在水平方向上,所有指标复发率均超过10%。在垂直方向上,各项指标复发率均在10%以内。结论:上颌前份节段性骨切开矫正上颌前突,患者颜面软组织侧貌的改善明显,效果稳定。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌前牵引后软组织的侧貌变化

目的　评价单侧完全性唇腭裂患者经上颌前牵引治疗后的软组织侧貌改变。方法　12例患者接受上颌前牵引治疗,根据X线头颅侧位定位片上软组织的测量标志点,对治疗前后软组织的侧貌改变进行比较分析。结果　上颌骨前牵引治疗后,患者鼻突度有明显改变,软组织上颌突度增加了3.8°(P＜0.01),代表软组织面突度角也有明显改变(P＜0.01)。而下颌软组织突度矢状方向S-Ns-SM角减少1°,无统计学意义。垂直方向,上面高无变化,而全面高度增加显著(P＜0.01)。结论　上颌前牵引后,在矢状方向上软组织突度发生显著变化,主要包括轻度的鼻隆起,下颌及颏部的后缩也有一定改善。     

Le Fort I osteotomy in cleft patients: Maxillary advancement and velopharyngeal function

BackgroundMaxillary advancement may affect speech in cleft patients.AimsTo evaluate whether the amount of maxillary advancement in Le Fort I osteotomy affects velopharyngeal function (VPF) in cleft patients.MethodsNinety-three non-syndromic cleft patients (51 females, 42 males) were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had undergone a Le Fort I or bimaxillary (n = 24) osteotomy at Helsinki Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center.Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized to measure the amount of maxillary advancement. Pre- and postoperative speech was assessed perceptually and instrumentally by experienced speech therapists. Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney's U-test were used in the statistical analyses. Kappa statistics were calculated to assess reliability.ResultsThe mean advancement of A point was 4.0 mm horizontally (range: −2.8–11.3) and 3.9 mm vertically (range −14.2–3.9). Although there was a negative change in VPF, the amount of maxillary horizontal or vertical movement did not significantly influence the VPF. There was no difference between the patients with maxillary and bimaxillary osteotomy.ConclusionsThe amount of maxillary advancement does not affect the velopharyngeal function in cleft patients.     

Long-Term Effect of Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) on Nasal Index in Adult Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Deformities

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that there is no immediate and long-term effects of maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) on nasal index among adult subjects with cleft lip and palate deformities.

Materials and Methods

Twelve adult subjects in the age range of 17–20 years with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate underwent advancement of maxilla by DO. The immediate and long-term effects of maxillary DO on nasal index were evaluated from extra-oral full face frontal photographs recorded prior to DO (T₀), at the end of active DO (T₁) and at least 2-years after the DO (T₂). The ANOVA, Post Hoc test (Bonferroni) and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The probability value (P value) 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

SNM angle and Ptm-M distance increased significantly by DO (P < 0.001). The nasal index increased significantly (P < 0.01) by 13.85 % from T₀ value of 85.15 ± 4.49 to 99.02 ± 11.16 % at the end of active distraction (T₁) and by 12.69 to 97.84 ± 9.14 % at the end of long-term follow-up (T₂). The correlation between sagittal maxillary advancement and nasal index was statistically significant (P < 0.001). For each millimeter of maxillary advancement, the nasal index increased by 1.38 % and 1.8 % at the end of active distraction and long-term follow-up respectively.

Conclusion

The advancement of maxilla by distraction osteogenesis among subjects with cleft lip and palate deformities increased nasal index significantly.

     

唇腭裂患者Lefort I型前移术后软硬组织的相关性研究

评价单侧完全性唇腭裂患者LefortI型截骨前移术前后软硬组织的相关改变。方法计算15例患 者手术前后X线头颅侧位定位片上相同测量点在水平和垂直轴上的差值,再以相关软硬组织间的散点斜度作为软 硬组织比值。结果术后患者上唇长度延长,软组织上唇突点对上中切牙点在水平和垂直轴上的移动比值分别为 0.77和0.67。结论应用软硬组织间的散点的斜度作为比值,比一般同一平面间的水平移动更具有临床意义,因 为其中包含了相关关系因素。