糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的临床治疗方法探讨

目的;通过对39例糖尿病合并慢性骨髓炎治疗的回顾性分析,探讨糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的治疗方法。方法;分析2000年至2011年收治的39例糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎患者,其中男23例,女16例,年龄21～81岁,平均45岁,患者均有不同程度的红肿热痛表现,病程均在3个月以上。其中,25例术前有窦道形成。术前均常规行引流液培养、X线及CT检查。27例行清创Ⅰ期植骨外固定术,12例行清创术,术后均联合抗生素治疗。通过比较治疗前后血沉、C-反应蛋白和血常规测量结果、术前术后穿刺结果及影像学检查综合评定治疗效果。结果:治疗前35例出现血沉增快,治疗后32例转阴;治疗前25例血常规异常,治疗后23例转阴;术前36例C-反应蛋白升高,治疗后33例转阴。治疗后病灶脓液培养均为阴性。39例中,临床治愈33例,4个月至4年内复发6例。结论:在常规慢性骨髓炎治疗的同时,应重视并积极治疗糖尿病,采用综合治疗方法能明显提高糖尿病并发慢性骨髓炎的治愈率。     

C-reactive protein for early detection of postoperative systemic infections in intertrochanteric femoral fractures

BackgroundThis retrospective cohort study investigated perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP) value for early detection of postoperative systemic infective complications in elderly patients with intertrochanteric femoral fracture.MethodsA total of 250 patients aged ≥65 years, with intertrochanteric femoral fractures that were surgically treated between January 2011 and December 2015 were included. CRP value was measured preoperatively and on postoperative day (POD) 3, 5, and 10, and analyzed with regard to postoperative systemic infections, delirium, and death within 1 year. The patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative systemic infection, and perioperative CRP responses between the two groups were comparedusing t-test (or Man-Whitney test where appropriate). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of CRP value were used to determine the best-supported cut-off values for identifying postoperative systemic infections. Systemic infections were reclassified as pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections.ResultsThe mean CRP values preoperatively and on POD 3, 5, and 10 were 2.82, 10.10, 3.74, and 1.89 mg/dL, respectively. Postoperative systemic infections, delirium, and death within 1 year were noted in 35 (14.0%), 30 (12.0%), and 45 (18.0%) patients, respectively. The CRP value in patients with postoperative systemic infections significantly elevated on POD 5 and 10 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), and cut-off values were 4.71 and 1.59 mg/dL on POD 5 and 10, respectively. Postoperative delirium and death within 1 year were observed more often in the group with postoperative systemic infections (p = 0.003, p = 0.014). Although preoperatively elevated CRP values did not influence the postoperative CRP responses, they were significantly associated with delirium (p = 0.015).ConclusionsThe CRP value on POD 5 is the earliest predictor of postoperative systemic infections in elderly patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures that are managed surgically. Moreover, when the CRP value on POD 5 is >4.71 mg/dL, the possibility of postoperative systemic infections should be considered.Level of evidenceIII, Retrospective cohort study.     

The Acute-Phase Response in Differentiating Sepsis from Inflammation in Neonates Who Require Abdominal Surgery

Introduction : In neonates, the influence of surgery on the inflammatory response has not been fully characterized and it remains difficult to differentiate an inflammatory response from sepsis. In this study, we evaluated changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonates undergoing different major abdominal surgeries who had a normal postoperative course without infection.

Material and Methods : In total, 43 neonates undergoing major abdominal surgery owing to congenital malformations involving the gastrointestinal tract, and who did not show blood culture positivity were enrolled in the study. As a control group, 40 neonates with proven sepsis were enrolled in the study over the same period. Blood samples for IL-6, CRP, and white blood cell count (WBC) determination were drawn before surgery and 48, 96, and 144 h [postoperative days (POD) 2, 4, and 6] after surgery.

Results : There was a statistically significant increase in IL-6 concentrations on POD 2 compared with preoperative levels (p < 0.05). After POD 2, IL-6 levels decreased to preoperative levels. There was a statistically significant increase in CRP concentrations on POD 2, 4, and 6 (p < 0.05). Levels of CRP tended to be higher after surgery, and began to fall by the 6th day, but were still statistically higher than preoperative levels. In the sepsis group, CRP concentrations on day 6 were lower than in the surgery group (p < 0.05). White blood cell counts did not show statistically significant differences preoperatively versus postoperatively.

Conclusions : In contrast to previous studies, our results show high levels of IL-6 on POD 2 and CRP on POD 6. It is important to differentiate between the diagnoses of sepsis and postoperative inflammation, because of the need to treat the infection. High levels of IL-6 and CRP are not always associated with sepsis after major abdominal surgeries, but may instead be associated with the inflammatory response and multiorgan dysfunction. Further studies are needed to better differentiate sepsis from inflammatory responses in patients undergoing other surgeries.     

The role of C-reactive protein after surgery for obesity and metabolic disorders

BackgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) rise might be different in patients with obesity due to chronic inflammation.ObjectivesThe aim was to analyze postoperative CRP rise and its role as an early prognostic marker of infectious complications.SettingCenter of maximum care in Germany.MethodsPatients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass as primary treatment for severe obesity were included. Serum CRP and leukocyte count were measured preoperatively, on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 4 and were analyzed regarding sex, body mass index, waist circumference, obesity-associated diseases, laboratory measurements (glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, cholesterol), surgical procedure, infectious complications, and infectious with anastomotic leakage.ResultsFour hundred seventy-one patients underwent surgery. Postoperative CRP rise was similar across sexes but lower in the super-super obese group (P < .05) and higher in the gastric bypass groups (P < .05). Linear regression model showed, that the higher preoperative value of waist circumference, the higher the preoperative CRP (beta value: .159, P = .006) and the lower the postoperative CRP rise on POD1 (beta value: −.171, P = .004) and 4 (beta value: −.170, P = .003). Only in the laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass group did a higher glycosylated hemoglobin predict a higher postoperative CRP rise (POD1: beta value: .434, P = .012; POD4: beta value: .513, P = .006). Fourteen patients (3%) developed infections, 7 of whom (1.5%) had anastomotic leakage. Leukocyte count was no predictor of infectious complications. The cut-off for CRP was 80.5 mg/L (POD1) and 164 mg/L (POD4), with 57.1% and 85.7% sensitivity and 97.9% and 99.6% specificity for anastomotic leakage.ConclusionStandard postoperative CRP rises less in patients with higher waist circumference and super-super obesity, but more after gastric bypass procedures. CRP but not leukocyte count predicts early anastomotic healing after obesity surgery. These findings should be considered when interpreting CRP values in the routine clinical setting.     

Blood count and C-reactive protein evolution in gastric cancer patients with total gastrectomy surgery

Background

The complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are useful inflammatory parameters for ruling out acute postoperative inflammatory complications.

Aim

To determine their changes in gastric cancer patients submitted to total gastrectomy.

Methods

This is a prospective study, with 36 patients with gastric cancer who were submitted to elective total gastrectomy. On the first, third and fifth postoperative day (POD), blood count and CRP changes were assessed. Patients with postoperative complications were excluded.

Results

Twenty-one (58%) were men and 15 (42%) women. The mean age was 65 years. The leukocytes peaked on the 1^st POD with a mean of 13,826 u/mm³, and decreased to 8,266 u/mm³ by the 5^th POD. The bacilliforms peaked on the 1^st POD with a maximum value of 1.48%. CRP reached its maximum level on the 3^rd POD with a mean of 144.64 mg/l±44.84. Preoperative hematocrit (HCT) was 35% and 33.67% by the 5^th POD. Hemoglobin, showed similar values.

Conclusions

Leukocytes increased during the 1^st POD but reached normal values by the 5^th POD. CRP peaked on the 3^rd POD but did not reach normal values by the 5^th POD.     

在腰椎后路内固定术后早期发热患者中监测4种血清感染指标水平的临床意义

目的:评价腰椎内固定术后发热患者血清PCT、CRP、ESR水平,以及WBC计数在诊断患者是否合并感染中的作用。方法:对2012年1月至2014年1月间在脊柱外科接受腰椎后路内固定术治疗并在术后早期(术后10 d内)出现发热症状的58例患者进行回顾性分析。根据细菌学培养结果将58例患者分为发热并感染组(A组)和发热非感染组(B组),其中A组26例,B组32例。收集临床数据,比较两组间血清PCT、CRP、ESR,以及WBC计数的差异。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析上述指标在诊断术后早期发热患者是否合并感染中的作用。结果:A组PCT、CRP、ESR高于B组(P<0.05),但是B组CRP、ESR仍高于正常范围。同时在A组中,PCT在鉴别感染类型方面要优于CRP和ESR。各指标ROC曲线分析示,PCT曲线下面积最大,CI 95%为0.81~0.98,WBC计数对应的ROC则差异无统计学意义。对应各指标的截断点,CRP特异度最高为90.27%,ESR的灵敏度最高为88.50%。结论:对于腰椎后路内固定术后早期发热患者应予以足够的重视,合理选取监测指标对于早期诊断、早期预防感染有良好的参考价值。其中PCT受手术影响较小,在鉴别感染类型方面有一定的参考价值,CRP和ESR可作为初筛检测指标,WBC计数意义有限。     

Infection after operative fixation of tibia plateau fractures. A risk factor analysis

IntroductionSurgical fixation of tibial plateau fractures has been shown to improve long-term functional outcomes, but a major complication is that of postoperative infection which can be deleterious to long-term outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of common comorbidities on the risk of postoperative infection.MethodA retrospective study of 210 consecutive operatively treated patients, treated at two Level 1 Trauma Centres over a 27-month period was performed. Records were analysed to assess the presence of the study factors; smoking, alcohol intake >13 units/week, diabetes, and BMI > 30. The impact of these factors on infection was assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses.Results175 patients were included in the study, 56.6% male with a mean age of 46.9 years (± 18.2 years). Excessive alcohol consumption of >13 units/week was the only significant risk factor for postoperative infection (p = 0.05) on multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis study has identified excessive alcohol consumption as the only independent risk factor for postoperative infection in patients with all types of tibial plateau fracture treated with operative fixation. No relationship between smoking, diabetes nor obesity was found for postoperative infection.     

Early initiation of physical therapy after geriatric hip fracture surgery is associated with shorter hospital length of stay and decreased thirty-day mortality

IntroductionWhile the importance of timely surgery and early mobilization are understood in geriatric fracture populations, the relationship between timing of initiation of physical therapy (PT) postoperatively on length of stay (LOS) and mortality has not been well delineated. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of PT initiated on postoperative day zero (POD0) on LOS and mortality in geriatric hip fracture patients.Materials and MethodsPatients aged 60 and over who underwent hip fracture surgery, including arthroplasty or internal fixation, between January 2017 and December 2019 at three affiliated academic hospitals were identified. Retrospective chart review and review of hospital charges were used to determine patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), surgery performed, timing of postoperative PT visits, LOS, and mortality.ResultsOf 1,551 patients identified that met inclusion criteria, 83 (5.3%) received PT on POD0. Most patients (76.3%) received PT on postoperative day 1 (POD1), and 18.4% received first PT on postoperative day 2 or later (POD2+). Time from admission to surgery, CCI, sex, and BMI did not differ significantly between groups. The age difference between patients in the POD0 and the POD1/POD2+ groups was statistically significant with the mean age in the POD1/2+ group being 2.3 years older than the POD0 group (p=0.045). There was no difference in postoperative length of stay (PLOS) based on type of fixation. The average PLOS was 3.4 days in the POD0 PT group compared to 5.2 days in the POD1 group (p<0.0001) and 8.2 days in the POD2+ group (p<0.0001). The POD0/1 group had significantly lower mortality than the POD2+ group [3.7% vs. 9.8%, OR 0.354 (95% CI 0.217-0.575), p<0.0001].ConclusionEarlier initiation of PT postoperatively is associated with significantly shorter total and postoperative LOS and initiation of PT before POD2 is associated with decreased 30-day mortality. Each day that initiation of PT is delayed is associated with a two- to three-day increase in LOS.     

C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin as Predictors of Postoperative Inflammatory Complications After Pancreatic Surgery

Background

The association between postoperative inflammatory markers and risk of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial. We sought to assess the diagnostic value of perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the early identification of patients at risk for complications after PD.

Methods

In 2014, 84 patients undergoing elective PD were enrolled in a prospective database. Clinicopathological characteristics, CRP and PCT, as well as short-term outcomes, such as complications and pancreatic fistula, were analyzed. Complications and pancreatic fistula were defined based on the Clavien-Dindo classification and the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) classification, respectively. High CRP and PCT were classified using cut-off values based on ROC curve analysis.

Results

The majority (73.8 %) of patients had pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CRP and PCT levels over the first 5 postoperative days (POD) were higher among patients who experienced a complication versus those who did not (p?<?0.001). Postoperative CRP and PCT levels were also higher among patients who developed a grade B or C pancreatic fistula (p?<?0.05). A CRP concentration >84 mg/l on POD 1 (AUC 0.77) and >127 mg/l on POD 3 (AUC 0.79) was associated with the highest risk of overall complications (OR 6.86 and 9.0, respectively; both p?<?0.001). Similarly patients with PCT >0.7 mg/dl on POD 1 (AUC 0.67) were at higher risk of developing a postoperative complication (OR 3.33; p?=?0.024). On POD 1, a CRP >92 mg/l (AUC 0.72) and a PCT >0.4 mg/dl (AUC 0.70) were associated with the highest risk of pancreatic fistula (OR 5.63 and 5.62, respectively; both p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

CRP and PCT concentration were associated with an increased risk of developing complications and clinical relevant pancreatic fistula after PD. Use of these biomarkers may help identify those patients at highest risk for perioperative morbidity and help guide postoperative management of patients undergoing PD.

     

骨搬移术中植入硫酸钙对促进对合端愈合的效果观察

目的:探讨骨搬移术中植入硫酸钙能否促进对合端自然愈合的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年1月采用骨搬移和硫酸钙植入治疗的27例创伤性慢性骨髓炎患者,其中男23例,女4例;年龄20～61(44.30±10.00)岁;病程3～86(13.26±16.47)个月;骨折内固定术后创伤性慢性骨髓炎16例,开放性...     

Elevated ESR/CRP Ratio Is Associated With Reinfection After Debridement,Antibiotics, and Implant Retention in Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infections

BackgroundRatios of established inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been used for diagnostic purposes in the surgical field; however, the ESR:CRP ratio (ECR) has not been evaluated as a marker for predicting infection resolution in patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ECR in predicting postoperative reinfection in patients who underwent debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR).MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 179 consecutive patients who underwent DAIR revision total joint arthroplasty for PJI. Patients were stratified by acuity of their infection: acute PJI, acute hematogenous PJI, and chronic PJI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate ECR as diagnostic marker for predicting postoperative reinfection in patients who underwent DAIR.ResultsStatistically significant differences in ECR were found in patients who underwent DAIR revision total joint arthroplasty for chronic infection (1.23 vs 2.33; P = .04). There was no significant difference in ECR in patients who underwent DAIR for acute infection (P = .70) and acute hematogenous infection (P = .56). In patients who underwent DAIR for chronic PJI, ECR demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 84%, respectively, for the prediction of postoperative reinfection, which was significantly higher than that of ESR (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 47%; P < .001) and CRP (sensitivity, 50%; specificity, 26%; P < .001).ConclusionElevated ECR was associated with an increased reinfection risk in patients who underwent DAIR for chronic PJI, suggesting that preoperative ECR may be a useful predictor to identify patients at increased risk of reinfection after DAIR for chronic PJIs.     

Risk factors for infection after operative fixation of Tibial plateau fractures

IntroductionTibial plateau fractures are challenging to treat due to the high incidence of postoperative infections. Treating physicians should be aware of risk factors for postoperative infection in patients who undergo operative fixation.Patients and methodsA retrospective review was undertaken to identify all patients with tibial plateau fractures over a 10 year period (2003–2012) who underwent open reduction internal fixation. A total of 532 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Several patient and clinical characteristics were recorded, and those variables with a significant association (p < 0.05) with postoperative infection after a univariate analysis were further analyzed using a multivariate analysis.ResultsFifty-nine (11.1%) of the 532 patients developed a deep infection. The average length of follow-up for patients was 19.5 months. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common species, and it was isolated in 26 (44.1%) patients. Open fractures, the presence of compartment syndrome, and a Schatzker type IV−VI were found to be independent risk factors for deep infection.ConclusionsThe rate of deep infection remains high after operative fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Patients with risk factors for infection should be counseled on the possibility of reoperation, and surgeons should consider MRSA prophylaxis in those patients who are at higher risk.     

腰椎术后化脓性感染的早期治疗

目的：探讨腰椎疾患术后化脓性感染的病因、诊断和早期治疗方法。方法：对2009年3月至2012年3月收治的7例腰椎术后化脓性感染患者进行回顾性分析,男6例,女1例;年龄42-62岁,平均46．5岁。其中合并椎管内感染并-侧肢体短暂瘫痪1例,其余为椎管外化脓性感染。均给予早期手术干预,术中采用持续低压脉冲生理盐水灌洗引流,术后行抗感染治疗。抗生素应用时间为4-6周,停药指征是血沉和C-反应蛋白完全正常,合并颅内化脓性感染者则必须脑脊液生化和常规检查结果完全正常。结果：7例患者均痊愈出院,住院时间2—3个月,出院时无任何神经系统残余症状。结论：腰椎术后化脓性感染-旦发生就属于骨科急重症,容易误诊,必须早期诊断。早期手术清创引流是挽救患者生命的惟-措施,而持续低压脉冲冲洗可以很好的清除深部组织间隙的残存感染灶,果断去除内固定可以一次性确保腰椎术后化脓性感染的根本控制。     

机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染的危险因素及预后分析

背景与目的 腹腔感染是胃癌根治术后常见的并发症,但目前有关机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的影响因素及相关预后研究报道较少。本研究旨在分析和探讨机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的危险因素及预后,以期为临床提供参考。方法 回顾甘肃省人民医院普外一科2017年1月—2021年3月行机器人辅助胃癌根治术的262例胃癌患者临床资料,分析患者术后腹腔感染的发生情况及其影响因素,以及术后腹腔感染对患者治疗结局与预后的影响。结果 在262例患者中,14例（5.34%）术后发生腹腔感染,感染原因分别为腹腔脓肿12例（4.58%）、横结肠瘘1例（0.38%）、胰瘘1例（0.38%）;Clavien-Dindo分级包括II级9例（3.44%）,IIIa级4例（1.53%）,IIIb级1例（0.38%）。单因素分析结果显示,体质量指数（BMI）、术前白蛋白、术前贫血、肿瘤直径、术中联合脏器切除、术中出血量、pTNM分期、N分期、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯、神经侵犯和术后第3天中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT%）与机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染有关（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,BMI<18.5 kg/m²（OR=11.160,95% CI=2.289~54.410,P=0.003）、术前白蛋白<30 g/L（OR=6.612,95% CI=1.630~26.820,P=0.008）、术中联合脏器切除（OR=5.236,95% CI=1.068~25.661,P=0.041）、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯（OR=8.151,95% CI=1.771~37.52,P=0.007）和术后第3天NEUT%（OR=1.208,95% CI=1.069~1.366,P=0.003）是机器人辅助胃癌根治术后患者发生腹腔感染的独立危险因素。对术后第1、3、7天NEUT%行ROC曲线分析,结果表明,术后第3天NEUT%诊断术后腹腔感染的AUC（0.805）最大,其最佳截断值为82.65%,敏感度为71.4%,特异度为84.7%。与无术后腹腔感染的患者比较,有感染患者术后首次通气时间、首次进流食时间、术后1~7 d腹腔引流量、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用均明显增加（均P<0.05）。生存分析结果显示,术后腹腔感染患者的总生存率低于无腹腔感染患者（45.4% vs. 67.8%,P=0.046）。结论 对于有以上危险因素的患者,在行机器人辅助胃癌根治术后要积极预防腹腔感染的发生,从而促进患者术后恢复、改善患者术后生存。术后第3天NEUT%对于预测机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染有一定的价值。     

Tetrafocal (three osteotomies) and pentafocal (four osteotomies) bone transport using Ilizarov technique in the treatment of distal tibial defect—preliminary outcomes of 12 cases and a description of the surgical technique

ObjectiveTo evaluate the preliminary outcomes of tetrafocal (three osteotomies) and pentafocal (four osteotomies) bone transport using Ilizarov technique for the treatment of distal tibial defect and describe the surgical technique.MethodsA total of 12 eligible patients with distal tibial defect > 6 cm caused by direct trauma or posttraumatic osteomyelitis who were admitted to our institution from January 2017 to January 2019 were treated by tetrafocal or pentafocal bone transport using Ilizarov technique. Detailed demographic data, including age, sex, etiology, defect size, number of osteotomies (three or four), external fixation time (EFT) and external fixation index (EFI), were collected, and the bone and functional outcomes were evaluated by the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system. Complications during the surgery and the follow-up period were recorded and evaluated by the Paley classification at a minimum follow-up of two years after removal of the fixator.ResultsThere were 9 men and 3 women with an average age of 37.4±7.8 years. The etiology included posttraumatic osteomyelitis in 8 cases and posttraumatic bone loss in 4 cases. The mean bone defect after radical debridement was 7.1±0.6 cm. Tetrafocal bone transport was applied in 9 cases, and pentafocal bone transport was applied in 3 cases. The average EFT and EFI were 5.2±0.8 months and 0.7±0.2 months/cm, respectively. The average time of follow-up after removal of the external fixator was 28.5±3.3 months without recurrence of osteomyelitis. The bone results were good in 7 cases, fair in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case, and the functional results were good in 5 cases, fair in 6 cases, and poor in 1 case. The most common complication was pin tract infection, which occurred in all cases, but there were no major complications, such as nerve or vascular injury.ConclusionTetrafocal and pentafocal bone transport using Ilizarov technique could be an alternative treatment option in selected cases with distal tibial defect > 6 cm. It could shorten the distraction period, fasten regeneration, and reduce the associated complications.     

Osteomyelitis Risk in Patients With Transfemoral Amputations Treated With Osseointegration Prostheses

Background

Percutaneous anchoring of femoral amputation prostheses using osseointegrating titanium implants has been in use for more than 25 years. The method offers considerable advantages in daily life compared with conventional socket prostheses, however long-term success might be jeopardized by implant-associated infection, especially osteomyelitis, but the long-term risk of this complication is unknown.

Questions/Purposes

(1) To quantify the risk of osteomyelitis, (2) to characterize the clinical effect of osteomyelitis (including risk of implant extraction and impairments to function), and (3) to determine whether common patient factors (age, sex, body weight, diabetes, and implant component replacements) are associated with osteomyelitis in patients with transfemoral amputations treated with osseointegrated titanium implants.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed our first 96 patients receiving femoral implants (102 implants; mean implant time, 95 months) treated at our center between 1990 and 2010 for osteomyelitis. Six patients were lost to followup. The reason for amputation was tumor, trauma, or ischemia in 97 limbs and infection in five. All patients were referred from other orthopaedic centers owing to difficulty with use or to be fitted with socket prostheses. If found ineligible for this implant procedure no other treatment was offered at our center. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed by medical chart review of clinical signs, tissue culture results, and plain radiographic findings. Proportion of daily prosthetic use when osteomyelitis was diagnosed was semiquantitatively graded as 1 to 3. Survivorship free from implant- associated osteomyelitis and extraction attributable to osteomyelitis respectively was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Indication for extraction was infection not responsive to conservative treatment with or without minor débridement or loosening of implant.

Results

Implant-associated osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 16 patients corresponding to a 10-year cumulative risk of 20% (95% CI 0.12–0.33). Ten implants were extracted owing to osteomyelitis, with a 10-year cumulative risk of 9% (95% CI 0.04–0.20). Prosthetic use was temporarily impaired in four of the six patients with infection who did not undergo implant extraction. With the numbers available, we did not identify any association between age, BMI, or diabetes with osteomyelitis; however, this study was underpowered on this endpoint.

Conclusion

The increased risk of infection with time calls for numerous measures. First, patients should be made aware of the long-term risks, and the surgical team should have a heightened suspicion in patients with method-specific presentation of possible infection. Second, several research questions have been raised. Will the surgical procedure, rehabilitation, and general care standardization since the start of the program result in lower infection rates? Will improved diagnostics and early treatment resolve infection and prevent subsequent extraction? Although not supported in this study, it is important to know if most infections arise as continuous bacterial invasion from the skin and implant interface and if so, how this can be prevented?

Level of Evidence

Level IV, therapeutic study.

     

Extensive eggshell-like debridement technique plus antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate for one-stage treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis

BackgroundManagement of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis is challenging. At present, there is still no widely accepted, simple, and effective surgical method to eradicate the infection and prevent osteomyelitis recurrence. The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of one-stage treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis with a shape-preserving debridement technique combined with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2018, 33 patients (33 limbs) with chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated with a novel debridement technique, named “eggshell-like debridement”, plus antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulphate. The infection remission rate, recurrence rate, and amputation rate were analyzed. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score was used to assess postoperative hindfoot function.Results26 patients (81.8%) achieved infection remission without recurrence. In the patients with osteomyelitis remission, pain, limitation of movement, sinus tracts, and typical redness and swelling were generally eliminated. Most of the patients could tolerate full weight-bearing without pain. The average AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score was 88 points (range, 67–100 points), implying the foot function was mostly restored. 6 patients (18.2%) had osteomyelitis recurrence but no amputation was required to elimilate the infection.ConclusionsEggshell-like debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate is an effective method for one-stage management of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis. With the application of this technique, secondary autogenous bone or muscle flap grafts are unnecessary. The surgical procedure can be simplified whlie the hindfoot function is well preserved.     

血清感染指标对颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后早期感染的诊断价值

目的：探讨白细胞计数（WBC）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、血清降钙素原（PCT）及红细胞沉降率（ESR）水平对颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后早期感染的诊断价值,及时发现、预防和治疗术后感染患者。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年4月颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后早期发热的患者120例;按照患者伤口渗出液细菌学培养的结果将其分为感染组（53例）和未感染组（67例）,感染组中,男32例,女21例,年龄48～63（52.28±6.36）岁;未感染组中,男37例,女30例,年龄46～62（51.63±5.82）岁。并根据感染组患者术后感染类型将其分为深部手术部位感染组（30例）和浅表手术部位感染组（23例）,深部手术部位感染组中,男19例,女11例,年龄50～63（53.16±5.62）岁;浅表手术部位感染组中,男13例,女10例,年龄48～61（52.15±5.68）岁。比较组间患者及组内患者手术前后WBC计数、CRP、PCT及ESR血清感染指标。收集纳入的120例患者血清感染学指标数据并根据血清感染指标诊断感染的灵敏度及特异性,以1-特异性为横坐标,灵敏度为纵坐标绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线对WBC计数、CRP、PCT以及ESR感染指标进行早期感染诊断的准确性评估。结果：术前：感染组和未感染组患者的WBC计数、CRP、PCT、ESR血清感染指标水平相近（P>0.05）;术后：感染组患者的WBC计数、CRP、PCT、ESR感染指标较未感染组高（P<0.05）。在术后感染的患者中,WBC计数、CRP、PCT以及ESR血清感染指标水平在不同术后感染类型的患者中存在差异（P<0.05）。未感染组患者的WBC计数、CRP、PCT以及ESR血清感染指标总体呈现出先升后降的趋势。WBC计数感染指标的受试者曲线下面积（AUC）为0.637（P<0.05）;CRP感染指标的AUC为0.792（P<0.05）;PCT感染指标的AUC为0.774（P<0.05）;ESR感染指标的AUC为0.783（P<0.05）。结论：WBC计数、CRP、PCT、ESR血清感染指标可用于颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后早期感染的诊断,除此之外,上述4种感染指标变化的综合分析可用于不同术后感染类型的鉴别。WBC计数指标对于早期感染诊断的准确性较低,CRP、PCT以及ESR指标对于早期感染诊断的准确性较好。总体上来说,CRP、PCT以及ESR血清感染指标对于颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后早期感染的诊断来说具有重要的临床意义,有助于临床工作者尽早发现术后早期感染以利于随后的相应治疗。     

外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损

目的:探讨应用外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的临床疗效及优势.方法:2008年8月至2013年12月收治股骨干骨髓炎合并有大段骨缺损病例16例,男11例,女5例;年龄13~62岁,平均42岁;病程2个月~4.5年,平均18个月;骨缺损长度4.5~15 cm,平均7.8 cm.全部病例应用外固定架骨转移技术治疗骨缺损,术后1周开始骨转移,每天1 mm,分4次进行.结果:全部病例均获得随访,时间10~36个月,平均22.5个月.16例中1例患者由于不配合治疗,致治疗失败,后采取截肢术.余15例骨髓炎均得到控制,其中12例骨转移达到Ⅰ期骨愈合,3例骨转移远端不能Ⅰ期愈合予以自体髂骨植骨后达到骨愈合,骨愈合时间5~13个月,平均7.9个月.13例患者双下肢长度基本一致,2例患者有1.5~2.0 cm肢体短缩畸形存在.外固定架拆除时间6~16个月,平均9.3个月.结论:应用外固定支架骨转移技术是治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的有效方法之一,可控制感染,消灭创面,均衡肢体长度.     

The clinical efficacy of short-term steroid treatment in multilevel anterior cervical arthrodesis

Background contextDysphagia is the most common complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), and it is closely related to prevertebral soft-tissue swelling (PSTS). A few studies have found that local or systemic methylprednisolone is effective against laryngopharyngeal edema and airway obstruction.PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of short-term use of systemic methylprednisolone in relieving dysphagia and decreasing PSTS during the hospitalization period.Study designA prospective study.Patient sampleForty patients who underwent multilevel (more than three levels) ACDF with same plate fixation.Outcome measureRadiologic and clinical measures.MethodsTwenty of these patients were given 250 mg of methylprednisolone intravenously (IV) four times a day only for 24 hours after the operation (at 6-hour intervals), whereas the remaining 20 did not receive methylprednisolone and served as controls. We used the Bazaz scale to compare the degree of dysphagia between groups during the hospitalization period. We used the C-spine lateral view to assess the degree of pre- and postoperative PSTS from C2 to C7. At the final follow-up, we assessed the relationship between the occurrence of complications and steroid use.ResultsThe degree of dysphagia according to the Bazaz scale was less severe in the group that received methylprednisolone (p values; postoperative Day [POD] 2～5<.05, POD 6=.014, POD 7=.019). Prevertebral soft-tissue swelling was also significantly lower in the group that received methylprednisolone (p values; POD 2～POD 5 <.005, POD 1=.061, POD 6=.007, POD 7=.091). The amount of PSTS and dysphagia did not differ according to sex, age, smoking history, or length of surgery. The period of hospitalization in the experimental group was shorter than in the control group. No complications related to steroid use were found at the final follow-up.ConclusionsThe short-term use of systemic methylprednisolone after ACDF appears to be effective in relieving dysphagia and decreasing the PSTS. Furthermore, the short-term use of methylprednisolone was not associated with any adverse effects of short-term IV steroid usage, such as peptic ulcer disease or postoperative infection. The clinical use of methylprednisolone in relieving dysphagia and decreasing PSTS deserves consideration during the early postoperative period.