广州市区40岁以上人群夏季维生素D水平现状分析

目的调查广州市区40岁以上人群夏季体内维生素D(VitD)的水平。方法随机选取2018年5月至10月广东药科大学附属第一医院门诊及住院590例年龄≥40岁人群,所有研究对象均清晨空腹取静脉血,采用Cobase 6000型电化学发光仪(瑞士,罗氏诊断)检测血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,日立-7180型自动生化分析仪测定血钙(Ca)水平。结果590例年龄≥40岁人群中男性患者238例,25(OH)D平均水平为(57.09±24.06) nmol/L,女性患者352例,25(OH)D平均水平(53.71±22.63) nmol/L。其中男性VitD正常占24.79%,不足占34.45%,缺乏占33.19%,严重缺乏占7.56%;女性VitD正常占15.63%,不足占37.22%,缺乏占40.63%,严重缺乏占6.53%。广州市区40岁以上人群夏季以VitD缺乏和不足较常见,且男女两组总体25(OH)D水平差异无统计学意义,仅在80岁以上人群中,男性25(OH)D水平显著高于女性(P=0.026、0.043)。结论本研究显示广州市区40岁以上人群夏季中25(OH)D不足和缺乏现象较普遍,且无性别差异,而在80岁以上人群中,女性25(OH)D水平显著低于男性。维生素D的摄人有必要应引起重视。     

Vitamin D supplements in chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem and Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in CKD and might be associated with calcium and phosphate metabolism, cardiovascular disease, infections as well as the progress of kidney dysfunction. Emerging evidence implies that Vitamin D supplements may be of benefit to CKD. Based on existing laboratory and clinical evidence, this review intends to discuss the effectiveness of Vitamin D supplements and controversy in clinical practice. The effect of Vitamin D in CKD patients is summarized in detail from CKD–mineral bone disease, the progression of renal function, cardiovascular events and immune system. Considerable disputes exist for the Vitamin D supplements in CKD, and a growing amount of experimental evidence and some clinical evidence are now gathering from in vitro, animal and epidemiological studies.     

Vitamin D Deficiency: A Common Occurrence in Both High-and Low-energy Fractures

As a consequence of newly elevated standards for normal vitamin D levels, there is a renewed interest in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency (<32 and <20 ng/ml, respectively) in the orthopedic patient population. This study tests the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency is comparably prevalent among both high- and low-energy fracture patients. A retrospective analysis of the medical records for 44 orthopedic trauma in-patients with non-vertebral fractures was conducted from June 1, 2006 to February 1, 2007. The obtained data included a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, age, gender, and reason for admission; high-energy vs. low-energy fracture. Vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D <32 ng/ml, was found in 59.1% of the patients. Significantly, more women (75%) than men (40%) were vitamin D insufficient among all fracture patients and specifically among high-energy fractures, 80% women insufficient vs. 25% men insufficient. In women, both high- and low-energy fractures present with vitamin D insufficiency (80% of high-energy fractures and 71.4% of low-energy fractures). In men, the mean vitamin D level was lower for low-energy fractures (16 ng/ml) compared to high-energy fractures (32 ng/ml). In addition, men with low-energy fractures were significantly older than men with high-energy fractures and women with low-energy fractures were also older. Statistically, more vitamin D insufficiency is seen in women and our results are consistent with the gender difference seen in the general population. Even among younger men who sustain a high-energy fracture, 25% are vitamin D insufficient. Women with fractures regardless of age or fracture energy level have low vitamin D levels. Levels of 25(OH)D should be measured in all orthopedic trauma patients and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and National Osteoporosis Foundation currently recommend that vitamin D levels should be corrected.     

Prevalence of vitamin D depletion among subjects seeking advice on osteoporosis: a five-year cross-sectional study with public health implications

Summary We assessed vitamin D nutritional status in unselected consecutive patients seeking advice on osteoporosis. The prevalence of vitamin D depletion ranged from 15–72% depending upon the cut-off levels used for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and the prevalence did not change over the 5 years of the study. Introduction Vitamin D depletion is a significant public health problem and has been studied in different populations using different cut-off levels, but the optimal level is yet to be established. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 2924 patients seen for osteoporosis advice we determined the prevalence of vitamin D depletion, as assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), using three different cut-off levels stratified by gender, race and the year of the study over 5 years. Results Mean age was 68.3 ± 10.0 years; 90% women and 88% white. Mean 25-OHD level was 24.6 ± 10 ng/ml and mean PTH was 48.4 ± 32 pg/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D depletion was 15% with a cut-off level of <15 ng/ml, and rose to 32% and 72% with cut-off levels <20 ng/ml and <30 ng/ml, respectively. The prevalence was higher in men and blacks and remained constant over 5 years, regardless of the cut-off level. The expected inverse relationship between 25-OHD and PTH was observed irrespective of gender or ethnicity. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D depletion in patients seeking advice for osteoporosis is high and did not change over the 5 years of the study.     

Serum vitamin D metabolites in younger and elderly postmenopausal women

Summary Previous investigations have suggested that a lower-than-normal serum 1,25(OH)₂D is found in elderly women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined the fundamental aspects of this theory by investigating serum vitamin D metabolites infour representative samples of Caucasian women. These included 44 early postmenopausal women divided intotwo subgroups: fast bone losers, that is, bone loss>3%/year (n=20), and “physiological” bone loss (n=24); and 28 70-year-old women divided intotwo subgroups: with and without osteoporotic fractures. Serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentrations were virtually the same in all groups thus contradicting the previous reports of low 1,25(OH)₂D in elderly women. Furthermore, mean 25OHD and 24,25(OH)₂D did not differ between the groups. We conclude that 1,25(OH)₂D is unlikely to be significant in the development or treatment of a majority of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

广州地区骨质疏松症患者冬季维生素D水平现状分析

目的调查广州地区冬季骨质疏松症患者体内维生素D(Vit D)水平的状况。方法随机选取2014年12月至2015年2月我院299例年龄≥50岁骨质疏松症患者,采集其清晨空腹静脉血,所有研究对象均采用Cobase 6000型电化学发光仪(瑞士,罗氏诊断)检测血清25-羟维生素D(25(OH)D)和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,日立7180型自动生化分析仪测定钙(Ca)、磷(P)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平。双能X线吸收仪检测腰椎和股骨近端骨密度(BMD),SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。结果299例骨质疏松症患者,其中男性患者63例,25(OH)D平均水平为(52.75±17.30)nmol/L,女性患者236例,25(OH)D平均水平(53.97±16.11)nmol/L。其中Vit D正常者仅占3.3%,缺乏者占47.6%,不足者占44.8%,严重不足者占4.3%。这些患者普遍存在着25(OH)D水平不足现象,其中Vit D缺乏和不足所占比例较大,且男女两组的25(OH)D水平无统计学差异。结论本研究显示广州地区冬季骨质疏松症患者25(OH)D不足和缺乏现象较普遍,且无性别差异,补充足量Vit D,需要重视及积极治疗,定期监测25(OH)D水平,为临床骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的数据参考。     

Lipocalin型前列腺素D合成酶的结构、定位与特性

Lipocalin型前列腺素D合成酶 (L PGDS)是一种糖基化、双功能、单体蛋白质 ,具有催化PGD2的合成和转运亲脂性物质的作用。它在中枢神经系统、雄性生殖器官和人与猴的心脏等器官中有分布 ,并被分泌到脑脊液、精浆及血浆内。L PGDS浓度的检测对神经错乱、精子生成障碍、心血管疾病和肾功能障碍等疾病具有辅助诊断作用。     

Low circulating vitamin D in obesity

Summary Previous studies demonstrated decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obese subjects. Studies were carried out to determine whether serum vitamin D is low in obesity. The results indicate that serum vitamin D is significantly lower in obese than in nonobese individuals and may contribute to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obesity.