撬拨复位内固定治疗儿童内踝骨折伴骨骺损伤的疗效评价

目的 探讨克氏针撬拨闭合复位空心螺钉内固定治疗儿童内踝骨折伴骨骺损伤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2019年6月我院采用克氏针撬拨闭合复位空心螺钉内固定治疗的35例内踝骨折伴骨骺损伤的患儿病例资料。男25例,女10例,年龄5-15岁,平均(8.3±2.8)岁。左踝16例,右踝19例。按Salter-Harris骨骺损伤分型：Ⅲ型22例(包括2例Tillaux骨折),Ⅳ型 13例。手术在C型臂X线机透视下进行,取细克氏针采用撬拨闭合复位空心螺钉内固定,记录双侧小腿的长度、手术时长、手术过程中的出血量、随访的时间以及手术前和手术后的踝关节AOFAS踝-后足功能评分、ASAMI评分、围手术期并发症发生情况等。结果 所有患儿均顺利完成手术,手术时间30-55min,平均(40.2±3.8)min,术中出血5-20ml,平均(12.1±2.7)ml。所有患儿均获得随访,随访18～48个月,平均(32.2±4.9)个月。健侧小腿的与患侧小腿长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访的35例患儿AOFAS踝-后足功能评分较术前有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05),患侧足踝ASAMI评分显示：优34例,良1例,优良率100%。X线及CT检查提示所有病例在末次随访时均骨性愈合。并发症方面所有患儿均未出现术中及术后并发症,末次随访时所有患儿踝关节活动均不受限,均能参加日常活动及功能锻炼。 结论 克氏针撬拨闭合复位空心螺钉内固定术治疗儿童内踝骨折伴骨骺损伤的疗效确切,手术时间短、手术过程中出血量少、对内踝骨折块固定牢靠,值得在临床工作中进一步推广应用。     

前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术治疗寰枢关节不稳定的解剖学及临床研究

目的 为前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术提供临床解剖学依据.方法 在100对中国成人干燥寰、枢椎配对标本上,对与临床前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术相关的数据进行解剖学测量.并对11例创伤性寰枢椎不稳定患者施行了前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术,在齿状突与寰椎前结节后方置入颗粒状松质骨.结果 前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术冠状面上螺钉植入最小外偏角(5.5±2.0)度,最大外偏角(23.6±2.1)度,矢状面上螺钉植入最小后倾角(14.9±2.6)度,最大后倾角(25.6 ±2.5)度,内侧钉道距离(16.58±1.49)mm,外侧钉道距离(26.44±1.75)mln.11例患者中,1例颈脊髓完全损伤患者,术后1个月死于肺部感染.其余10例病例获得随访,时间7个月～3年,平均17个月,无椎动脉及脊髓损伤,所有病例获得骨性融合.结论 前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术,操作简便,损伤脊髓或椎动脉的风险较小,为寰枢椎不稳定患者提供了一种新的内固定治疗方法.     

复位固定联合韧带修复治疗伴内侧髌股韧带及骨软骨损伤的创伤性髌骨脱位

目的 分析采用可吸收棒复位固定膝关节骨软骨骨折联合内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL）修复治疗伴有MPFL及骨软骨损伤的创伤性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法 对2013年1月至2017年1月我院收治81例伴有MPFL及膝关节骨软骨损伤的创伤性髌骨脱位病人进行回顾性分析,其中男29例,女52例;年龄为16~33岁（平均17.7岁）。采用膝关节骨软骨骨折固定联合MPFL修复治疗的65例纳入固定修复组,采用膝关节骨软骨骨折清理联合MPFL修复治疗的16例纳入清理修复组。收集两组病人术后的膝关节功能障碍、再脱位的发生率及膝关节疼痛情况等,并比较两组病人术前及术后1年的国际膝关节文献委员会（the international knee documentation committee, IKDC）膝关节评分和Lysholm评分。结果 81例病人平均随访28.6个月。固定修复组出现2例（2/65,3.08%）术后膝关节功能障碍,3例（3/65,4.62%）再脱位;清理修复组有1例（1/16,6.25%）再脱位,4例（4/16,25.00%）膝前疼痛。固定修复组的IKDC评分由术前的（43.1±13.2）分提高到术后的（83.8±6.3）分,Lysholm评分由术前的（48.3±6.2）分提高到术后的（87.1±9.8）分;清理修复组的IKDC得分由术前的（42.3±9.8）分提高到术后的（80.2±3.2）分,Lysholm评分由术前的（49.5±5.4）分提高到术后的（81.3±5.4）分。两组手术前后的IKDC、Lysholm评分差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的IKDC、Lysholm评分差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 可吸收棒复位固定骨软骨骨折联合MPFL修复是治疗伴有MPFL及膝关节骨软骨损伤的创伤性髌骨脱位的有效方法。     

The relationship between initial closed reduction and the surgical reconstruction of the radiocarpal joint line in distal radial fractures

IntroductionWhilst initial closed reduction followed by definitive open fixation is widely applied in the treatment of distal radial fractures, the effect of the closed reduction on the reconstruction of the articular surface remains unclear. Our research questions were:

• (1)Does closed reduction followed by surgical fixation reconstruct palmar tilt and radial inclination?
• (2)Does closed reduction influence the surgically reconstructed palmar tilt and radial inclination?

MethodsPalmar tilt and radiocarpal inclination of 425 patients were measured at admission, following initial closed reduction and after surgical reconstruction.ResultsClosed reduction increased palmar tilt by 12.1° and radial inclination by 2.7°. Open surgical reduction further corrected palmar tilt by 17.88° and radial inclination by 3.5°. Whilst there was no association between postoperative palmar tilt and initially achieved closed reduction, a significant association between radial inclination following closed reduction and surgical fixation was found.ConclusionOur retrospective study challenges the existence of a relationship between the initial closed reduction and the reconstruction of the anatomic joint line in surgically treated distal radial fractures.     

Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and fixation failure in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures over the age of 50 years

IntroductionThe aim of our study was to identify the risk factors for avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) and fixation failure (FF) after screw osteosynthesis in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures.Patients and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 308 patients (mean age, 72.5 years, range, 50–97 years), with a mean follow-up of 21.4 months (range, 12–64 months). The risk for failure in treatment (FIT) associated with patient- and fracture-related factors was evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsFIT was identified in 32 cases (10.3%): 22 cases (7.1%) of AVN and 10 cases (3.2%) of FF. Initial valgus tilt > 15° (p = 0.023), posterior tilt > 15° (p = 0.012), and screw sliding distance (p = 0.037) were significantly associated with FIT. FIT occurred in 7 patients (5.2%) with B1.2.1 fractures and 17 patients (48.6%) with B1.1.2 fractures (p < 0.001). The odds of FIT were 17-fold higher in patients with initial valgus and posterior tilts > 15° (B1.1.2) compared to patients with <15° of tilt in both planes (B1.2.1).ConclusionThe severity of initial deformity predicts AVN and FF in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures. Patients with an initial valgus and posterior tilt > 15° are reasonable candidates for primary arthroplasty due to high risk of FIT.     

The position of the joint line in relation to the trans-epicondylar axis of the knee: complementary radiologic and computer-based studies

Two complementary studies that seek to establish the relationship between the length and position of the trans-epicondylar axis (TEAL) of the distal femur and the position of the knee joint line were presented. A radiologic study of 50 patients having computerized axial tomography of the knee showed that there is a good correlation between TEAL and the depths of the femoral condyles distal to the trans-epicondylar axis. A retrospective review of the anatomical data gathered on 99 patients having computer-assisted total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) provided equivalent information. The 2 studies suggest that TEAL determined by the process of registration, as a preliminary to computer-assisted TKA, can be used to predict the position of the joint line using the derived constant k at a value of 3.4. Thus, the joint line of the knee lies at a distance (TEAL / 3.4) expressed in millimeters from the trans-epicondylar axis. This is potentially very useful information during TKA especially where there is extensive femoral bone loss.     

The safe distance for the superior gluteal nerve in direct lateral approach to the hip and its relation with the femoral length: a cadaver study

INTRODUCTION: The most inferior branch (MIB) of the superior gluteal nerve (SGN) is vulnerable during direct lateral approach to the hip. A safe distance proximal to the tip of the greater trochanter varying from 3 to 5 cm has been reported in different studies. Anatomical studies defining safe zones and clinical studies reporting the results use various reference points, and the oblique course of the MIB contributes to the confusion. Numerous efforts have been made to standardize the safe zone using patient characteristics such as body height; however, contradictory results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to measure the safe distance in line to the gluteal split and also to determine the relationship of the safe distance with femoral length, as a stable component of body height. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen lower extremities of 12 formalin-fixed cadavers (M/F: 7/5) were dissected. The most prominent lateral palpable part of the trochanter major (TM) was determined and the dissection in the gluteus medius muscle (GMM) was performed starting from this point upwards in line of the muscle fibers. The distances between the MIB in the plane of dissection in the GMM to the TM and also to the trochanteric apex (TA) were measured. Femoral lengths were measured between the TM point and the lateral epicondyle. Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The SGN in 13 hips had spray pattern and neural trunk pattern in two. The plane of dissection was within the anterior third of the GMM in all hips. The average femoral length was 37.5 cm. Average distance between TM and MIB was 44 mm; in three hips, the distance was <30 mm. The average distance between TA and TM was 21 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between femoral length and TM-MIB distance. CONCLUSION: The distance from the TM to the MIB is highly variable and independent from body height or femoral length. The so called "safe zone" in which damage of significant nerve damage is excluded can have a rather small dimension in some patients. Short patients are not at increased risk and tall patients are not risk free. Modern techniques in total hip replacement which try to minimize proximal interruption of the GMM are therefore justified.