小儿重症手足口病34例临床分析

手足口病（HFMD）是由一组肠道病毒引起的常见传染病,人群普遍易感,多发于〈5岁的儿童,其病原以柯萨奇病毒A16型和人肠道病毒71型（EV71）为主。近十年来,在我国台湾、山东及安徽均有较大规模的EV71所致的HFMD疫情,且均有死亡病例发生。今年我省该病流行,且重症病例多,为此各地市成立重症手足口病PICU。现将我市重症手足口病PICU2009年47月收治的34例重症病例的临床资料总结如下。     

肠道病毒71型疫苗候选株和疫苗标准的研究

肠道病毒71型（enterovirus 71,EV71）属小RNA病毒科肠道病毒属,主要引起手足口病（hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD）和中枢神经系统疾病。1969年在美国加里福尼亚分离出首株EV71[1]。近年来EV71在亚太地区持续流行[2-9],特别是1998年在中国台湾地区大流行后,开始引起人们的重视。我国大陆地区2008—2010年报告的HFMD病例数、严重病例和死亡数呈逐年上升趋势,     

儿童重症手足口病护理现状

<正>近年来,全国部分地区反复出现儿童手足口病(handfoot-mouth disease,HFMD)疫情流行。病原学证实,HFMD由肠道病毒引起,以柯萨奇A组16型(CoxA16)和肠道病毒71型(EV71)多见[1]。目前,HFMD的发病多数为EV71感染,其中年龄小于3岁的EV71阳性HFMD患儿成为重症病例的危险因素[2]。EV71是一种高度噬神经病毒,脑干和小脑最易被侵     

手足口病EV71型患儿血清心肌酶谱的变化及临床意义

目的：观察EV71型手足口病（HFMD）患儿血清心肌酶谱的变化,并探讨其临床价值。方法 EV71型手足口病患儿111例为HFMD组,其中重症病例87例,普通病例24例;选取67名健康体检儿童作为对照组。全自动生化分析仪检测两组血清心肌酶谱水平。结果 HFMD组心肌酶谱各项指标及异常率均显著高于健康对照组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,HFMD重症病例组CK-MB的异常率明显高于普通病例组（P〈0.05）。结论对EV71型手足口病尤其是重症患儿进行心肌酶谱检查,有助于了解心肌损伤情况,以便及时采取积极有效措施。     

2009年海南省手足口病样本病原学检测结果分析

目的明确引起海南省2009年手足口病（Hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD）暴发流行的主要病毒型别,为手足口病病例诊断和制定防控措施提供病原学依据。方法依据卫生部发布的《手足口病预防控制指南》（2009年版）附件1,提取手足口病临床诊断病例各种样本中的病毒核酸,用肠道病毒通用引物、肠道病毒71型（EV71）和柯萨奇病毒A16型（CoxA16）特异性引物进行逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和实时荧光-聚合酶链式反应（real-time PCR）。核酸检测阳性的原始样本接种人横纹肌肉瘤细胞（RD细胞）进行肠道病毒分离培养。结果海南省2009年各市县采集的1 085份手足口病样本中EV71、CoxA16和其它肠道病毒核酸阳性率分别为23.13%、1.57%和9.59%,不同类型病例的肠道病毒核酸阳性率分别为死亡病例55.56%（10/18）,重症病例36.07%（145/402）,普通病例32.63%（217/665）。不同类型样本肠道病毒核酸检测阳性率不同,肛拭子和粪便阳性率达到49.62%,疱疹液检测阳性率为43.84%,鼻咽拭子的检测阳性率为22.89%。结论引起海南省2009年手足口病暴发流行的主要病原是EV71,其次为CoxA16。应继续加强手足口病的病原学监测,掌握病毒型别变化趋势,更好地为手足口病防控工作提供技术支持。     

广州市及周边地区2011年手足口病病原学与分子流行病学调查

目的对广州市及周边地区手足口病（HFMD）的流行病学和病原学特征进行分析。方法收集2011年广州市及其周边地区手足口病病例968份,采用荧光定量RT—PCR方法对采集的标本进行肠道病毒（EV）核酸检测,将其分为肠道病71型（EV71）、萨克奇病毒A组16型（CAl6）、非EV71、CAl6阳性肠道病毒（N）三类,分离部分EV71毒株并进行全基因测序和分析。并用生物信息学软件进行病毒基因特征分析．经在线比对后进行Ev型别鉴定。结果分析显示2011年广州市及周边地区HFMD的高发年龄段为年龄小于4岁的儿童,1．2岁婴幼儿发病率最高;5-7月为发病高峰期;EV71和CAl6为HFMD的主要病原：但有24．79％的病例由其他肠道病毒（EV）型别引起。基于全基因序列构建种系发生进化树显示,所分离的6株EV71毒株与c4亚型毒株具有最近的亲缘性和最高的同源性。结论2011年EV71和CAl6为广州市及周边地区流行的主要病原,EV71病毒株分离株属于c4型,且遗传性较稳定,但存在部分其他型别Ev引起HFMD。     

2011-2012年深圳市重症手足口病的病原学和流行病学分析

目的了解深圳市手足口病(HFMD)重症病例的病原学类型和流行病学特征,为本地区手足口病的预防控制提供理论依据。方法收集2011-2012年深圳市各医院送检的220例手足口病重症病例的粪便样本,应用Real-time RT-PCR技术检测肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16)、肠道病毒通用型(EN)。结果 2011-2012年深圳市共发现220例重症手足口病病例,其中,2012年HFMD重症患者数量为2011年的32.53%。220例重症手足口病病例中,EV71型占80.45%,CA16型占5.00%,其他肠道病毒则占13.19%。2011年5、6月为深圳市手足口病重症的高发月份,而2012年5月和7月为高发月份。1岁组重症病例最多有82人,占重症病例总数的37.27%。重症病例人群男性多于女性(1.62∶1)。结论 EV71是引起深圳市手足口病重症病例的最主要原因,其他肠道病毒比CA16更容易引起手足口病重症。     

昆明市妇幼保健院2014～2018年门急诊手足口病的病原构成变化

  目的  通过对昆明市妇幼保健院手足口病病原构成观察，了解肠道病毒EV71疫苗接种后免疫保护情况；为肠道病毒EV71疫苗接种推广提供临床客观依据。  方法  采集2014年1月至2018年12月间到昆明市妇幼保健院门急诊就诊临床确诊手足口病患儿的粪便标本，进行肠道病毒EV71，柯萨奇病毒A组16型，肠道病毒通用型PCR检测。按照是否接种肠道病毒EV71型灭活疫苗分为观察组和对照组。比较2组EV71及非EV71型病原构成比；同时把是否EV71感染作为因变量，是否接种疫苗，性别和年龄作为自变量进行多因素分析。  结果  观察组和对照组感染肠道病毒EV71构成比分别为0.6%、15%，2组之间存在差异（χ2 = 27.088，P < 0.05）。多因素分析结果显示只有是否接种疫苗为影响因素，接种疫苗为保护因素，接种疫苗者对EV71保护率达96.8%。  结论  昆明市妇幼保健院门急诊手足口病患儿中接种肠道病毒EV71灭活疫苗者感染肠道病毒EV71的构成比低于未接种者，推广疫苗接种对人群预防EV71感染引起的手足口病有很好的效果。     

永川地区2009～2012年手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

目的：分析永川地区2009～2012年手足口病（HFMD）流行病学特征,为防控工作提供依据。方法收集2009～2012年本院感染科H FM D患者的资料,分析其流行病学特征。结果共收集H FM D患者509例,其中,重症2例,死亡1例;发病高峰为每年5～7月份,2011年及2012年出现第2个高峰,为10～12月份;患者多见于5岁以下儿童;男性多于女性,散居儿童多于幼托儿童;农村多于城市。柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Cox A16）及其他肠道病毒（EV）为优势流行株,但2011年和2012年肠道病毒71型（EV71）感染比例明显增多。EV71感染是引起 HFMD重症及死亡病例的重要因素。结论永川地区 HFMD流行具有明显的季节性、人群性、地区性以及病原学特征。应采取相应措施,更好防控手足口病的发生和流行。     

对2013年长春市柯萨奇病毒A6型手足口病的临床分析

目的：探讨2013年长春市柯萨奇病毒A6型小儿手足口病（HFMD）的临床特点。方法：用荧光定量RT-PCR技术对100例手足口病患儿的粪便标本进行人肠道病毒通用型（EV）、肠道病毒71型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CVA16）及柯萨奇病毒A组6型（CVA6）检测，同时分析临床资料。结果：CVA6阳性51例（51%），EV71阳性9例（9%），CVA16阳性3例（3%）。CVA6阳性病例主要表现为发热、皮疹、进食减少，可累及神经系统、呼吸系统、循环系统。经抗病毒、对症、支持治疗后均痊愈或好转，无死亡或留有后遗症病例。结论：CVA6为2013年长春地区HFMD新流行的主要病原型；CVA6感染可侵犯多器官，经系统治疗预后良好。     

Dynamic change of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in infants

Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) are major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Studies indicate that the frequent HFMD outbreaks result in a few hundreds children's death in China in recent years. The vaccine and other research for HFMD need to be developed urgently. The aims of our study were: to explore dynamic development of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16 in infants from Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide the fundamental data for further establishing of corresponding immunization course.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 133 of parturient women once immediately before delivery and their infants at two and seven months of age. Method of micro-dose cytopathogenic effect was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16, respectively.Results Seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 in prenatal women were 79.7% (106/133) and 92.5% (123/133), respectively; geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 29.0 and 61.9; 75.9% (101/133) prenatal women were both positive in anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16; seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 were 25.6% (34/133) and 38.3% (51/133) in infants at two months of age; GMTs were 12.3 and 18.0, respectively. GMTs of anti-EV71 were significantly higher for infants at seven months (82.6) compared with that at two months (P <0.05), showing infants had inapparently infected by EV71 during two to seven months. Although only one offspring (0.75%) at seven months was found having anti-Cox A16 transfered from maternal, this observation suggested no maternal antibody may remain in infants at seven months.Conclusions The prevalence of EV71 and Cox A16 were relatively high in Jiangsu Province. Bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and Cox A16 should be developed, and the ideal time point for prime immunization for infants is around 2-5 months of age.     

Dynamic change of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in infants

Background Enterovirus 71 （EV71） and coxsackievirus A16 （Cox A16） are major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD）. Studies indicate that the frequent HFMD outbreaks result in a few hundreds children＇s death in China in recent years. The vaccine and other research for HFMD need to be developed urgently. The aims of our study were： to explore dynamic development of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16 in infants from Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide the fundamental data for further establishing of corresponding immunization course. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 133 of parturient women once immediately before delivery and their infants at two and seven months of age. Method of micro-dose cytopathogenic effect was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16, respectively. Results Seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 in prenatal women were 79.7% （106/133） and 92.5% （123/133）, respectively; geometric mean titers （GMTs） were 29.0 and 61.9; 75.9% （101/133） prenatal women were both positive in anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16; seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 were 25.6% （34/133） and 38.3% （51/133） in infants at two months of age; GMTs were 12.3 and 18.0, respectively. GMTs of anti-EV71 were significantly higher for infants at seven months （82.6） compared with that at two months （P 〈0.05）, showing infants had inapparently infected by EV71 during two to seven months. Although only one offspring （0.75%） at seven months was found having anti-Cox A16 transfered from maternal, this observation suggested no maternal antibody may remain in infants at seven months. Conclusions The prevalence of EV71 and Cox A16 were relatively high in Jiangsu Province. Bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and Cox A16 should be developed, and the ideal time point for prime immunization for infants is around 2-5 months of age.     

Dynamic change of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in infants

Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) are major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Studies indicate that the frequent HFMD outbreaks result in a few hundreds children's death in China in recent years. The vaccine and other research for HFMD need to be developed urgently. The aims of our study were: to explore dynamic development of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16 in infants from Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide the fundamental data for further establishing of corresponding immunization course.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 133 of parturient women once immediately before delivery and their infants at two and seven months of age. Method of micro-dose cytopathogenic effect was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16, respectively.Results Seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 in prenatal women were 79.7% (106/133) and 92.5% (123/133), respectively; geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 29.0 and 61.9; 75.9% (101/133) prenatal women were both positive in anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16; seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 were 25.6% (34/133) and 38.3% (51/133) in infants at two months of age; GMTs were 12.3 and 18.0, respectively. GMTs of anti-EV71 were significantly higher for infants at seven months (82.6) compared with that at two months (P <0.05), showing infants had inapparently infected by EV71 during two to seven months. Although only one offspring (0.75%) at seven months was found having anti-Cox A16 transfered from maternal, this observation suggested no maternal antibody may remain in infants at seven months.Conclusions The prevalence of EV71 and Cox A16 were relatively high in Jiangsu Province. Bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and Cox A16 should be developed, and the ideal time point for prime immunization for infants is around 2-5 months of age.     

2012年顺义区手足口病聚集性疫情病例及重症病例病原学结果分析

目的：通过对手足口病聚集性病例和重症病例进行病原学检测,发现该地区手足口病原体的类型,为手足口病防控提供病原学依据。方法通过临床医生和流调人员采集符合聚集性疫情的手足口病病例和诊断为重症病例的咽拭子标本,应用RT-PCR方法检测原始样本和分离阳性病毒株中EV、EV71和CoxA16病毒的核酸。结果聚集性疫情病例咽拭子标本共276例,共分离出病毒125例,阳性率为45.29%;其中EV71阳性率为17.75%（49/276）,CoxA16阳性率为26.09%（72/276）,其他EV阳性率为1.45%（4/276）。重症病例咽式子标本共21例,共分离出病毒8例,阳性率为38.09%;其中EV71阳性率为9.52%（2/21）,CoxA16阳性率为23.81%（5/21）,其他EV阳性率为4.76%（1/21）。聚集性疫情病例中散居儿童、学生中CoxA16的检出率高于托幼儿童,其差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.843,P=0.050和χ2=8.048,P=0.005）。结论顺义区手足口病聚集性疫情病例和重症病例均以CoxA16病毒感染为主。聚集性疫情病例以托幼儿童为主,重症病例以散居儿童为主。应加强手足口病的病原学监测,为落实防控措施及明确临床诊断提供实验室依据。     

EV71病毒感染动物模型研究进展

人肠道病毒71型（enterovirus 71,EV71）是引起手足口病的主要病毒之一,并可导致严重的神经系统疾病,近年随着发病率的升高,严重威胁了婴幼儿的生命健康。可感染EV71的动物模型是研究其致病机理、疫苗评价和药物研发等的重要工具,然而目前尚未建立有效的EVT1感染标准化动物模型。本文将对不同物种的EV71病毒感染模型进行总结,并着重就利用基因修饰手段建立的EV71病毒感染模型进行讨论和展望。     

1073例儿童手足口病病原学检测结果及临床特征分析

目的 了解手足口病(HFMD)儿童病例中肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16)的感染状况及重症HFMD病例的临床特征和实验室检查结果.方法 采集HFMD患儿咽拭子标本,检测EV71和CA16感染情况,分析患儿性别、年龄分布情况并对重症患儿的临床特征和实验室检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 1073例H...     

2010年云浮市手足口病病原学监测结果分析

目的对2010年云浮市哨点医院手足口病（HFMD）监测结果进行分析,了解云浮市手足口病的病原学特征,为云浮市手足口病的防治提供科学的依据。方法收集73例监测哨点医院手足口病病例送检的粪便标本,应用Real time—PCR技术检测肠道病毒7l型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CAl6）、非EV7l和CAl6的其它肠道病毒核酸。结果 73例手足口病患者中42例为肠道病毒核酸阳性,阳性率为57.5%,其中EV71病毒、CAl6病毒以及非EV7l和CAl6的其它肠道病毒分别占总阳性数的71.4%、7.1%、21.4%。三种不同型别肠道病毒在全年中交替变更;病毒检出高峰出现在5～6月,病例人群男性高于女性（1.92：1）,4岁以下儿童病例阳性率最高。结论云浮市2010年手足口病疫情发病高峰为5-6月,4岁以下儿童病例发病数最多,肠道病毒EV71型是2010年云浮市手足口病流行的主要毒株类型。开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究,将有助于提出更好的预防和控制措施。     

实时荧光PCR技术在手足口病原学检查中的应用

目的：采用实时荧光PCR法检测手足口病患儿病原体。方法：收集40例本市确诊手足口病患儿的肛拭子样本,进行肠道病毒筛选和柯萨奇病毒16型与肠道病毒71型鉴别与分析。结果：实时荧光PCR法检测40例患儿肛拭子标本使用通用型试剂盒检出22例阳性,其中9例为CVA-16感染,12例为EV71感染,发病3 d内采集标本检出阳性患儿占75%。结论：CVA-16和EV71肠道病毒是手足口病的主要病原体,手足口病病毒检出率与标本的采集时间相关性,实时荧光PCR技术对手足口病的病原诊断具有重要价值。     

菏泽市2013～2017年手足口病病毒学监测分析

目的 探讨菏泽市2013～2017年手足口病流行病毒类型,为菏泽市手足口病疫情的防控和实施策略提供科学依据。 方法 2013～2017年菏泽市各县区手足口病定点医疗单位收集的临床诊断病例的粪便或肛拭子标本,提取病毒核酸,应用实时荧光定量PCR进行病毒的核酸检测;用描述性流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。 结果2013～2017年共收集样本2751份,其中阳性样本2294份,阳性率为83.39%;EV71阳性样本1111份,阳性率为40.39%;CA16阳性样本387份,阳性率为14.08%;其他肠道病毒阳性样本796分,阳性率为28.93%。2013年、2015年优势株为EV71;2014年优势株为CA16;2016、2017年以其他肠道病毒型为优势株。不同年龄组、性别、季节分布差异有显著性（P<0.05）。各年手足口病毒型别分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 2013~2017年菏泽市手足口病流行病毒类型从高到低分别是EV71、其他肠道病毒和CA16。EV71是引起重症病例的主要病原体。在高发季节前,应加强托幼机构及散居儿童的卫生健康教育和防控力度,提前做好低幼儿童的疫苗宣传及接种工作;强化手足口病监测力度。