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全面了解世界各国对学校性教育的相关政策规定,为推动我国学校性教育的政策发展提供参考.方法 通过图书馆文献回顾和计算机互联网以及联合国人口基金等国际机构和个人的支持,收集美国、加拿大、英国、芬兰、澳大利亚、新西兰、泰国、菲律宾、肯尼亚7个国家关于学校性教育/健康教育的政策、法规、课程标准共35份.通过文献研究法、层次及类别比较法,对政策构成的基本要素进行分析.结果 《美国国家健康教育标准》规定把性教育纳入学校的健康教育政策之中;英国在2000年将《个人、社会、健康、经济教育》正式确定为公立学校非法定国家基础课程,涉及性教育的内容主要集中反映在第3(11~14岁)和第4(14~ 16岁)学段,统称为“性和关系教育”;芬兰政府于1970年后将性教育纳入了中小学的教学大纲;《健康与体育》课程是澳大利亚政府规定的基础教育学校主干课程之一,明确提出“关系与性”作为全面健康教育的一部分;新西兰教育部于2015年颁布了《性教育—校长、董事会成员和教师指南》;泰国学校开展性教育主要以“体育与健康”课程为载体,该课程为泰国基础教育的八门核心课程之一;菲律宾《健康教育课程指南》由该国教育部于2012年制定出台,其中涉及性教育内容主要包括在“生长发育”和“家庭健康”两部分.结论 各国学校性教育政策在目标、内容、实施策略上存在异同.可为研制符合我国社会文化背景的学校性教育政策指南,促进学校性教育发展带来有益启示. 相似文献
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开展学校性教育对于儿童青少年的健康成长十分必要。目前中国有一系列支持学校开展性教育的法律法规和政策文件,但学校性教育的发展仍面临观念落后、课时缺乏、师资不足、教材匮乏、研究薄弱、话题敏感等挑战。从国际上一些有着多年学校性教育经验的国家来看,研发本土化的全面性教育指南对于推动本国学校性教育的发展至关重要。2018年,在联合国教科文组织和联合国人口基金的支持下,北京师范大学儿童性教育课题组主持研制《全面性教育指南》,为推动中国学校性教育发展提供技术支持。 相似文献
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目的 探究中国学校性教育政策的结构状况,为学校性教育政策的效力发挥和优化发展提供参考。方法 以45份国家层面发布的学校性教育相关的政策性文件为样本,构建“政策目标—政策工具”分析框架对其进行内容分析。结果政策目标方面,学校性教育政策重视教育方式指导(32.76%),轻视教育效果评价(5.17%)、师生权益保障(5.17%),忽视教育环境创设(0);政策工具方面,学校性教育政策常用命令性工具(59.45%),多用能力建设工具(29.71%),而少用系统变革工具(2.70%)和激励性工具(0);“政策目标—政策工具”的适配性方面,学校性教育政策集中在运用命令性工具以实现教育方式指导(68.42%)、教育过程管理(54.55%)、学生素养提升(38.46%)、教育资源开发(37.50%)等方面的政策目标,而普遍缺失运用系统变革工具和激励性工具以实现教育效果评价、师生权益保障、学生素养提升和社会综合治理等方面的政策目标。结论 学校性教育政策在政策目标定位和政策工具选择及其二者的交叉适配方面有一定偏差,需进一步改进。 相似文献
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蒋薇美 《性教育与生殖健康》2005,(2):3-6
性教育是个全球性的问题。在长期忌讳谈“性”的中国更是个严峻迫切的问题。在人们的传统观念里,“性”是一个羞于启齿的字眼,是一件只能在黑暗中做的事,是人长大后自然而然就能明白的事。这种状况,在一个封闭的时代还勉强过得去。可是今天,人类进入了性信息开放的时代,电影、电视、音像制品、网站、广告等,到处都是性的诱惑,此时还谈性色变, 相似文献
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全面性教育是基于课程,探讨性的认知、情感、身体和社会层面意义的教学过程,可以使儿童青少年具备一定的知识、技能、态度和价值观,从而确保其健康、福祉和尊严。3~6岁是儿童性发展的重要阶段,幼儿园是儿童接受性教育的重要场所。本文以全面性教育视角对中国幼儿园性教育实践进行分析,发现其存在以下困境:支持幼儿园性教育实践的政策不全面;幼儿园性教育缺少教学纲要或指南;幼儿园性教育师资不足;幼儿园性教育缺乏必要的家庭支持。基于现有困境和挑战,研究从完善性教育政策、制定本土化性教育纲要或指南、开展性教育师资培训、加强性教育宣传4个方面提出促进幼儿园性教育发展的建议与展望。 相似文献
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Background
Policy-makers who are making decisions on sexuality education programs face important economic questions: what are the costs of developing sexuality education programs; and what are the costs of implementing and scaling them up? This study responds to these questions by assessing the costs of six school-based sexuality education programs (Nigeria, Kenya, Indonesia, India, Estonia and the Netherlands).Methods
Cost analyses were carried out in schools that were fully implementing a SE program, as this best reflects the resources needed to run an effective program. The costs were analyzed from the program perspective, meaning that all costs borne by the governmental and (international) non-governmental organizations supporting the program were included. Cost analyses were based on financial records, interviews and school surveys.We distinguished costs in three consecutive program phases: development, update and implementation. Recommendations on the most efficient program characteristics and scale-up pathways were drawn from results of three fully scaled up programs (Estonia, Nigeria and the Netherlands), scale-up scenarios of two pilot programs (Kenya and Indonesia), and an implementation plan (India), The costs of the programs were compared by converting cost per student reached in US dollars (US$) to international dollars (I$).Results
Findings revealed a range of costs and coverage of sexuality education programs. Costs per student reached were; US$7 in Nigeria, US$13.50 in India, US$33 in Estonia and the Netherlands, US$50 in Kenya, and US$160 in Indonesia.Conclusions
Intra-curricular sexuality education programs have, because of their compulsory nature, the most potential to be scaled up and are therefore most efficient. Extra-curricular sexuality education programs have lower potential to be scaled up and are therefore less efficient. In terms of class size and number of lessons, countries need to strike a balance between the quality (demanding smaller classes and many lessons) and the costs (demanding larger classes and fewer lessons). Advocacy was a significant cost component.13.
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Using a mail survey, we collected data on attitudes and opinionsabout school drug/sexuality education from 606 individuals representing106 junior and senior high schools in Illinois. Respondentsfrom five role groups (principals, district administrators,school board members, teachers and parents) completed questionsregarding perceptions of student risk behaviors and effectsof school health programs in four areas: drug/alcohol use, tobaccouse, AIDS/STDs and teen pregnancy. For each program area, weanalyzed six constructs across respondent groups: perceivedseriousness of problem, perceived prevalence of problem, perceivedacceptance of school program, perceived program effectivenesson student attitudes and behavior, and satisfaction with schoolprogram. To test role differences, MANOVA and random-effectsregression model analyses were performed. Significant differencesin role perceptions were found for all constructs except perceivedprogram effectiveness on student attitudes. Overall, teachersand parents responded similarly to each other and differentfrom other groups. They tended to be less satisfied with schoolprograms, view programs as less effective and perceive otherrole groups as less accepting. We discuss the discrepancy inrole perceptions in the context of diffusion theory, applicationto designing interventions, and potential impact on school programdecisions, implementation and maintenance of change. 相似文献
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Snegroff S 《Family planning perspectives》2000,32(5):257-258
Although many parents realize the importance of educating their children about sexuality, many of them find themselves unable to address the subject comfortably. In addition to their own discomfort, parents are concerned about how their children would feel about discussing sex with them. Parents who are unwilling or unable to discuss this important and sensitive part of life with their children present sexuality in a negative way and as a taboo rather than a natural part of being human. The author states that ?no sexuality education is sexuality education,? and the message received from this lack of education may be a negative one. As a consequence, children who receive a negative message of sexuality from their parents are unlikely to turn to their parents to discuss sexual matters as they get older. On the other hand, positive communication about sexual information with children leads to ongoing discussions as they mature. Establishing an environment conducive to open and comfortable communication is therefore highly critical. The following are some tips for parents when educating their children about sexuality: 1) be approachable, 2) be accepting, 3) discuss issues and answer questions simply, and 4) discuss issues and answer questions honestly. Programs sponsored by local schools, civic organizations or religious groups can help narrow the gap that exists between parents and their children concerning human sexuality. 相似文献
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探讨学校性教育课程对小学流动儿童性健康知识和健康行为的影响,为在小学开设性教育课程提供参考.方法 在北京市1所开展基于课程的性教育的流动儿童学校,选取三年级全体学生为研究对象,由经过培训的学校教师对学生开展每学期6课时,全学年12课时的性教育课程.使用《珍爱生命——小学生性健康教育读本》三年级上册和下册作为教学材料.通过每个学期教育前后问卷调查,评价性教育课程对学生性健康知识和健康行为的影响.结果 三年级上册教育前和教育后流动儿童的性健康知识总分均值分别为25.97分和30.22分(满分41分),差异有统计学意义(t=-7.648,P<0.05).三年级下册教育前和教育后的性健康知识总分均值分别为12.14分和16.07分(满分22分),差异有统计学意义(t=-13.864,P<0.01).教育后,学生的健康行为有明显改善(t=-5.701,P<0.05),教育前后的得分平均分分别为29.69分和33.69分.结论 小学性教育课程可以提高小学三年级流动儿童性健康知识水平,改善流动儿童健康行为. 相似文献