泪腺区占位性病变65例临床分析

目的探讨近10年来住院治疗的泪腺区占位性病变的类型、临床特点和治疗方法。方法对65例（74眼）泪腺区占位性病变进行回顾分析。结果65例（74眼）中男29例（32眼）,女36例（42眼）。年龄13～76岁,平均39岁。右眼31例,左眼25例,双眼9例。所有患眼泪腺区均可触及占位性病变,均经CT或B超检查证实。除2例（4眼）双眼泪腺炎型炎性假瘤患者接受药物治疗治疗外,余均经手术治疗。其中泪腺炎型炎性假瘤28例（30眼）,泪腺多形性腺瘤27例（27眼）（其中包括1例（1眼）复发病例）,泪腺腺样囊性癌3例（3眼）,泪腺腺癌2例（2眼）,泪腺恶性多形性腺瘤2例（2眼）,泪腺导管囊肿1例（1眼）。经眉弓外侧切口手术60例（62眼）,结膜切口1例（1眼）,眶内容摘除2例（2眼）。所有手术患眼术后均经病理检查结果证实诊断。结论因泪腺区占位性病变入院治疗者以泪腺炎型炎性假瘤及泪腺多形性腺瘤多见。泪腺区占位性病变绝大多数手术切口选取经眉弓外侧切口。     

泪腺窝占位性病变临床分析

泪腺窝占位性病变临床分析林锦镛，李恩江我们对１９６３～１９９０年间收检的１１４例泪腺窝占位性病变，除外皮样囊肿或嗜酸性细胞肉芽肿所引起的泪腺窝骨质的继发性病变，并进行临床分析。一、泪腺上皮性病变泪腺上皮性病变７４例（６４．９％），其中泪腺导管囊肿１０...     

两种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的疗效比较

目的：观察2种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法：前瞻性研究。选取2015年4月 至2018年4月于解放军乌鲁木齐市第474医院住院并手术的翼状胬肉患者128例(128眼)，采用随机数字表法随机分成观察组和对照组，每组64例（64眼）。观察组采用翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗，对照组采用翼状胬肉切除联合间断缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗。观察2组术后1、3、 7 d的疼痛、角膜刺激症状程度；角膜荧光染色确定2组角膜上皮完全愈合时间；6个月随访中记录结膜完全愈合、瘢痕纤维增生及胬肉复发情况。2组间各指标的比较采用独立样本t检验；2组间率的比 较采用卡方检验（必要时辅以Fisher精确概率法直接计算P值）。结果：疼痛和刺激症状评分方面，观察组术后1 d和3 d均低于对照组（疼痛评分：t=-40.477，P<0.001；t=-23.376，P<0.001。刺激症状评分： t=-18.431，P<0.001；t=-7.894，P<0.001)，术前和术后7 d，2组间差异无统计学意义。角膜荧光染色 显示角膜上皮完全愈合率方面，观察组术后3 d和5 d均高于对照组（χ2 =4.354，P=0.037；χ2 =13.333， P<0.001），术后7 d组间差异无统计学意义。观察组的痊愈率高于对照组（χ2 =8.848，P=0.003），观察 组的瘢痕痊愈率低于对照组（χ2 =8.214，P=0.004），2组胬肉复发率差异无统计学意义。观察组拆线 时间早于对照组（t=-32.686，P<0.001），拆线耗时短于对照组（t=-20.236，P<0.001），拆线疼痛评分低于对照组（t=-26.580，P<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。结论：翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗原发性翼状胬肉，术后眼部疼痛、刺激、炎症反应轻，角膜上皮愈合更快，可明显减少瘢痕的形成，术后拆线更早，拆线耗时短且疼痛感较轻。     

MRI对泪腺占位性病变的诊治价值

目的 探讨分析MRI在泪腺占位性病变诊断治疗中的价值.方法 回顾性分析36例泪腺占位性病变患者的MRI表现.主要观察指标为:病变范围、病变形态、病变边界、内部信号特点(T1及T2加权像)、病变强化显像的情况以及临近骨组织的改变.结果 36例泪腺病变的患者中,泪腺炎4例,炎性假瘤9例,淋巴瘤8例,泪腺多形性腺瘤7例,泪腺腺样囊性癌8例.泪腺炎多为双侧发病,MRI可见病变累及眶内及眼睑,形状不规则边界不清,T1加权像为中等信号,T2加权像为低信号.炎性假瘤和淋巴瘤多累及眶内,形状不规则边界不清与眼球呈铸造型,在T1和T2加权像均为中信号.泪腺多形性腺瘤可见病变累及眶内为圆形或椭圆形边界清楚,可伴有骨质增生,在T1加权像为中信号和T2加权像为高信号.泪腺腺样囊性癌多为形状不规则的病变,多伴有骨破坏,在T1加权像为中信号和T2加权像为高信号.以上泪腺病变的MRI强化显像均为中等强化.结论 MRI对于泪腺占位性病变的鉴别诊断具有一定意义,尤其有助于区别炎性病变和实体性肿瘤以及良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤,并且结合MRI强化显像技术可以对手术切除病变的范围起到一定的指导作用.     

泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变的病理特点及IgG4和C3的表达

目的　探讨IgG4和C3在泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变发生发展中的作用。方法　收集2010年7月至2018年5月就诊于承德医学院附属医院眼科、解放军总医院眼科15例（15眼）泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变患者的泪腺肿物为试验组，10例（10眼）因其他疾病而行眶内容物摘除术的正常泪腺组织标本为对照组。采用HE染色法观察2组泪腺病理形态学变化及其组织病理学特点，采用免疫组织化学染色法检测2组泪腺组织中IgG4、C3的表达，并对二者表达相关性进行分析。结果　HE染色结果显示，对照组泪腺由正常腺泡及导管组成，导管上皮细胞排列整齐，细胞结构清晰，其间有少量的淋巴细胞；试验组泪腺组织中可见大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润，淋巴滤泡形成，其间可见上皮-肌上皮岛结构改变，同时伴有不同程度纤维化。IgG4在试验组阳性表达面积为（30 934.80±16 057.17）像素，对照组阳性表达面积为（325.42±204.43）像素，试验组中明显高于对照组（t=-7.38，P=0.000）；C3在试验组阳性表达面积为（43 169.49±33 206.60）像素，对照组阳性表达面积为（323.24±271.29）像素，试验组中明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=-5.00，P=0.000）。试验组中IgG4与C3表达无相关性（r=-0.137，P=0.671）。结论　泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变患者的泪腺发生了明确的病理改变，这可能与IgG4和C3在泪腺中的高表达有关。     

回顾191例泪腺占位性病变临床分析及术后随访观察

目的：探讨191例泪腺占位性病变的临床特点及术后随访情况。

方法：选取2011-01/2015-08我科收治的191例221眼泪腺占位患者,总结其临床特征,并结合病史、影像、病理资料、地域特色进行分析。所有患者行泪腺肿瘤摘除,术后随访1a。

结果：患者191例221眼中,男44例49眼,女147例172眼。炎症性病变171眼,依次是IgG₄硬化性泪腺炎66眼、慢性泪腺炎27眼、泪腺脱垂伴炎性肿大54眼、Grave''s病24眼。淋巴组织增生性病变16眼,依次是恶性淋巴瘤6眼、良性淋巴组织增生10眼。上皮性病变34眼,依次是多形性腺瘤26眼、多形性腺癌2眼、腺样囊性癌3眼、腺癌3眼。泪腺占位性病变以IgG₄硬化性泪腺炎、泪腺脱垂伴炎性肿大多见,其中汉族159眼、维族36眼、哈萨克族16眼、蒙古族10眼。手术后主要表现为眼部干涩,哭时无泪,以双侧泪腺摘除者明显,但局部使用人工泪液可以缓解,无严重不良反应。

结论：病史及影像特点对泪腺占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断有很大的帮助,新疆地区泪腺占位,以非上皮性病变最为常见,其次是上皮性病变,多发生于汉族、维族患者,而其它民族少有发生,手术后眼部干涩及哭时无泪为主要症状。对病程短且有干眼倾向的患者需延迟摘除。     

泪腺肿瘤的影像学表现

泪腺肿瘤在眼眶病中构成比较大，患者发病年龄跨度大，无明显性别差异。临床表现主要为眼球突出、鼻侧移位，眼球运动受限，泪腺区可扪及肿物等。了解泪腺肿瘤影像学特点有助于病情预后的判断及手术方案设计。本文对属于泪腺上皮性肿瘤的多形性腺瘤、腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮癌、嗜酸性细胞癌、泪腺腺癌、泪腺上皮囊肿，以及属于非上皮性肿瘤的泪腺炎性假瘤、泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变、泪腺淋巴瘤及多发性骨髓瘤等影像学特点进行总结，旨在为泪腺肿瘤的诊治提供帮助。（国际眼科纵览，2016，40：196-200）     

泪腺占位性病变的临床病理学分析

目的研究泪腺占位性病变的临床特征和组织病理学类型。方法收集1996至2003年在我院经组织病理学确诊的泪腺占位性病变151例患者的病史资料和组织标本切片,对其临床表现、组织来源、组织病理学特征及预后情况进行回顾性总结和分析。结果在151例泪腺占位性病变患者中,上皮来源肿瘤103例（68．2％）,其中良性者69例,分别为多形性腺瘤63例（41．7％）,肌上皮瘤3例（2．0％）,泪腺导管囊肿2例（1．3％）,基底细胞腺瘤1例（0．7％）;恶性者34例,分别为腺样囊性癌15例（9．9％）,恶性多形性腺瘤14例（9．3％）,腺癌4例（2．6％）,转移性类癌1例（0．7％）。泪腺非上皮性病变48例（31．7％）,最常见者分别为黏膜相关淋巴样组织（MALT）淋巴瘤17例（11．3％）,炎性假瘤12例（7．9％）,良性淋巴上皮病7例（4．6％）。结论泪腺占位性病变种类多样,其中泪腺多形性腺瘤的治疗和MALT淋巴瘤的诊断是目前临床亟待解决的问题。（中华眼科杂志,2005．41：877-881）     

眶前部占位性病变231例临床分析

目的对我科收治的231例（281眼）眶前部占位性病变进行回顾性总结分析。方法总结眶前部常见病变的病理类型,对一些常见的、有代表性的及容易混淆的疾病分别进行讨论。结果本文收集的眶前部病变有20种。其中最常见的有皮样囊肿34例（34眼）,泪腺脱垂27例（49眼）,眶脂肪脱出24例（40眼）,皮样脂肪瘤22例（24眼）,海绵状血管瘤21例（21眼）,泪腺炎14例（24眼）,副泪腺导管囊肿12例（12眼）,结膜上皮性囊肿9例（9眼）。结论发生于眶前部病变种类繁多,CT和彩色多普勒是初步判断病变特性的重要手段,也是选择合理的手术路径,完整切除病变及获得最佳外观的基本保证。     

健眼点阿托品后提高弱视儿童眼罩遮盖的依从性

目的：观察健眼点阿托品后能否提高患儿对眼罩遮盖的依从性，探寻解决眼罩遮盖依从性差的方 法。方法：前瞻性研究。选取2015年2月至2017年2月期间在河南省濮阳市眼科医院就诊的初次 配镜的单眼弱视儿童136例，弱视眼戴镜视力≤0.3，年龄7～9岁。在讲明2种方法的优缺点之后 依据家长自愿选择的原则，根据遮盖治疗方式分为观察组（68例）和对照组（68例）：观察组在每天 用眼罩遮盖不少于6 h的基础上联合浓度为1%的阿托品凝胶每周一和周三晚上各点1次健眼；对 照组每天只用眼罩遮盖不少于6 h。让家长及老师密切观察眼罩摘戴情况，在3、6、12个月时分 别对比2组眼罩遮盖依从性的良好率及视力提高行数，采用卡方检验和独立样本t检验进行数据统 计学分析。结果：治疗3、6、12个月，观察组患者治疗依从性（94%、87%、78%）与对照组（75%、 65%、57%）差异有统计学意义（χ2 =9.517，P=0.002；χ2 =9.003，P=0.002；χ2 =6.585，P=0.010）；观察 组治疗有效率（44%、63%、76%）与对照组（28%、43%、59%）比较差异有统计学意义（χ2 =3.860， P=0.049；χ2 =5.785，P=0.016；χ2 =4.838，P=0.028）；治疗前观察组和对照组弱视眼矫正视力分别为 0.77±0.19和0.72±0.21，差异无统计学意义（t=0.663，P=0.607）；3、6、12个月时患者弱视眼矫正视 力观察组均优于对照组（t=-2.355，P=0.011；t=-3.619，P=0.002；t=-4.922，P<0.001）。治疗12个月， 观察组和对照组总治愈率分别为56%和38%，差异有统计学意义（χ2 =4.250，P=0.039）；实际治愈率 为72%和67%，差异无统计学意义（χ2 =0.269，P=0.604）。结论：对于需要遮盖治疗的弱视患者给予1% 阿托品凝胶点健眼辅助后，眼罩遮盖依从性和有效率显著提高，总治愈率明显优于单纯遮盖者。     

Autologous lacrimal-lymphoid mixed-cell reactions induce dacryoadenitis in rabbits

Autoimmune dacryoadenitis, such as occurs in Sj?gren's syndrome, is a frequent cause of lacrimal insufficiency, which in turn can cause dry eye. Rabbits are used frequently to test ocular therapies. Our goal is to develop a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis to identify and test candidate therapies. Our approach arises from the observations that lacrimal gland epithelial cells stimulate proliferation in cultured autologous lymphocyte preparations and that an anti-MHC II antibody blocks this proliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine if injecting this proliferating autologous mixed cell reaction could induce dacryoadenitis in rabbits. After establishing that irradiated lacrimal gland epithelial cells stimulate proliferation in autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, irradiated cells from a single lacrimal gland were co-cultured with autologous lymphocytes and after 5 days the mixed cell reaction, or components of the reaction, were injected into the contralateral lacrimal gland of the donor rabbit. After 2 weeks, the injected glands were removed and lymphocytic infiltration quantitated using digital image analysis of immunostained histological sections. Injecting an autologous mixed cell reaction of co-cultured irradiated lacrimal gland epithelial cells and lymphocytes reliably induced abundant periductal foci of >200 lymphocytes expressing CD18 and/or a rabbit thymic lymphocyte antigen (RTLA). Injection of medium or autologous lymphocytes alone elicited little response; injections of lymphocytes cultured with lysates of lacrimal gland epithelial cells elicited variable, modest responses. These lysates did not stimulate proliferation in the mixed cell reaction and proliferation was not observed if a porous membrane separated co-cultured lacrimal gland cells and lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that injecting an autologous mixed cell reaction of lacrimal gland epithelial cells and lymphocytes reliably creates a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis. The relative ineffectiveness of components of the reaction to do the same supports the hypothesis that lacrimal gland epithelial cells trigger or exacerbate lacrimal autoimmune disease by presentation of autoantigens via MHC II. This experimental system can aid efforts to further understand mechanisms of diseases, and to identify and test candidate therapies.     

130例原发泪腺上皮性肿瘤的诊断分析

目的分析130例泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床特点,明确诊断依据。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象130例原发泪腺上皮性肿瘤。方法收集130例经病理检查确诊的泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床资料、影像学资料和组织病理学资料。主要指标临床表现,影像学表现,组织病理学表现。结果泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床表现主要为眼球突出、视力下降、疼痛、复视等。良性肿瘤中以多形性腺瘤(43．8％)为多,恶性肿瘤占前三位的分别为腺样囊性癌(38．5％),恶性混合瘤(8．5％),腺癌(3．8％)。眼眶B超、CT、MRI都有典型的影像学特征。组织病理学改变是最终诊断依据。结论将影像学表现和临床资料结合起来可对泪腺上皮性肿瘤作出初步诊断,最终诊断要依靠组织病理学检查。     

兔自身免疫性干眼模型的建立及泪腺炎症因子研究

目的　通过静脉回输自体激活的淋巴细胞建立稳定的兔自身免疫性干眼模型,并分析干眼的泪腺炎性因子,探究干眼的泪腺免疫反应。方法　通过体外分离、培养兔泪腺上皮细胞和自体外周血淋巴细胞,建立二者的共培养体系。将体外激活的自体外周血淋巴细胞通过耳缘静脉注射的方法诱发自身免疫性泪腺炎。对干眼临床指标及泪腺细胞因子表达进行检测。结果　与正常对照组相比,干眼模型组泪液分泌显著减少（ｔ＝１１５．６,Ｐ＜０．０５）,泪膜破裂时间缩短（ｔ＝９２．５,Ｐ＜０．０５）。荧光素钠染色显示角膜弥漫性点状着色,正常对照组基本无着色。泪腺组织ＨＥ染色显示淋巴细胞浸润,正常对照组很少。ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ结果显示,干眼模型组泪腺中炎性因子ＩＦＮ-γ、ＩＬ-６、ＩＬ-１７ｍＲＮＡ相对表达量显著升高（ｔ＝２６．２、１８．７、８．４;均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,抑炎因子ＩＬ-１０、ＴＧＦ-βｍＲＮＡ相对表达量显著降低（ｔ＝２２．１、１４．２;均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　经兔泪腺上皮细胞激活的自体外周血淋巴细胞静脉回输后,成功诱发干燥综合征样自身免疫泪腺炎,建立了稳定的兔自身免疫性干眼模型。泪腺组织中细胞因子ＩＬ-６、ＩＬ-１７、ＩＦＮ-γ、ＴＧＦ-β、ＩＬ-１０参与泪腺内炎症反应的发生和发展。     

Unusual involvement of IgG4-related sclerosing disease in lacrimal and submandibular glands and extraocular muscles

Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, also known as Kuttner tumor, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary glands that is reported in a few cases in medical literature. Recent reports suggest that certain aspects of sclerosing diseases, including chronic sclerosing sialadenitis or dacryoadenitis, should be classified under immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing disease based on immunohistochemical studies. This study reports an unusual case of IgG4-related sclerosing disease appearing simultaneously in the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, and extraocular muscles. A 56-year-old male presented with complaints of bilateral eyelid swelling and proptosis that began two years ago. Computed tomography confirmed that bilateral submandibular enlargements also existed five years ago in the subject. Orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement and thickening of extraocular muscles. Typical findings of chronic sclerosing dacryoadenitis were revealed upon pathologic exam of the right lacrimal gland. Immunostaining revealed numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells. Through these clinical features, we make a diagnosis of IgG4-relataed sclerosing disease in the subject.     

Acute lacrimal gland swelling with intracranial extension and without any neurological features – A rare case report

We report a case of young adult female with swelling in the superolateral aspect of left orbit for two weeks which was diagnosed as tubercular dacryoadenitis with intracranial extension without any neurological features. Tubercular dacryoadenitis is very rare but still makes an important differential diagnosis of lacrimal gland swellings especially in endemic areas like India. Few cases of tubercular dacryoadenitis have been reported in the past; but not a single case with intracranial extension in young adults with short history and without neurological symptoms. Although radiological investigations are routinely done in orbital lesions, it is advisable do so even in acute cases to look for intracranial extension before the appearance of neurological features. Tubercular dacryoadenitis though rare, should be kept as a differential diagnosis of acute or chronic lacrimal gland swellings in endemic areas.     

Lacrimal histopathology and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis

PURPOSE: To study the effects of induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis on lacrimal gland function, histopathology, and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model. METHODS: One lacrimal gland was surgically excised from each experimental rabbit, and epithelial cells were purified, cultured, irradiated, and then cocultured with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) for 5 days. Autoimmune dacryoadenitis was induced by injecting the autologous mixed cell reactions (AMCRs) into the rabbit's remaining lacrimal gland. Normal rabbits and rabbits with both lacrimal glands injected with nonstimulated PBLs were examined as controls. Eyes were evaluated biweekly for 8 weeks by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer testing, tear break-up time measurement, and rose bengal examination. Sections of lacrimal glands removed at 8 weeks post-operation were immunostained using antibodies against rabbit class II major histocompatibility complex molecule (MHC-II), CD4, CD8, CD18, and rabbit thymic lymphocyte antigen (RTLA). Relative numbers of positively stained cells were quantified with a ChromaVision image analysis system. RESULTS: During an 8-week period, a continuous decrease in tear production and stability, accompanied by a continuous increase in rose bengal staining, occurred in eyes in which AMCR-PBL had been injected into the ipsilateral lacrimal glands. Similar, though generally less severe, changes occurred in eyes contralateral to the AMCR-PBL-injected eyes. No obvious changes by 8 weeks in these parameters were found in eyes in which the lacrimal glands had been injected with nonstimulated PBLs or in the lacrimal gland-excised eyes contralateral to normal eyes. Interstitial cells in normal lacrimal glands expressed CD18 and RTLA antigens, but few expressed CD4, CD8, or MHC-II. Focal mononuclear cell infiltrates were only found in lacrimal glands from animals with induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis. These cells were predominantly positive for CD4 (7.3-fold increase), RTLA (7.8-fold increase), or CD18 (42-fold increase). MHC-II expression in interstitial and ductal epithelial cells was also significantly greater in these animals than in control animals. The mononuclear cell infiltrates were frequently found enveloping venules, some of which appeared to be high endothelial cell venules. The ductal epithelium also contained CD4 and CD8 immunopositivity, within the epithelium, at the lumenal surface, or surrounding the ducts. Occasionally CD4 and CD8 immunopositive cells could be identified within the acinar lumens. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of activated PBLs (i.e., AMCR-PBLs) in the lacrimal gland induces autoimmune dacryoadenitis with immunopathologic features similar to those of Sj?gren's syndrome. The lacrimal immunopathology is accompanied by typical clinical manifestations of dry eye syndrome. The persistent significant dry eye does not appear to result just from failure of the diseased gland but from a more general dysfunction of the surface secretory tissues.     

翼状胬肉bFGF TNF-α p53表达的研究

目的 探讨成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblastgrowthfactor,bFGF)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumornecrosisfator-alpha,TNF-α)、p53在翼状胬肉的表达及在翼状胬肉发病机制中的作用.方法 免疫组织化学SP法对89例(102只眼)翼状胬肉组织进行bFGF、TNF-α、p53表达检测,并与32只眼正常结膜组织进行对照.结果 bFGF、TNF-α、p53在翼状胬肉的表达明显高于正常结膜(χ2=42.33,P＜0.001;χ2=104.66,P＜0.001;χ2=110.11,P＜0.001);bFGF、TNF-α在翼状胬肉进行期组表达明显高于静止期组(χ2=18.78,P＜0.001;χ2=20.09,P＜0.001),p53在翼状胬肉进行期组与静止期组的表达没有显著性差异(χ2=.56,P=0.45).结论 翼状胬肉的发生、发展可能与bFGF、TNF-α、p53的异常分泌有关.     

曲安奈德对特发性黄斑前膜患者手术效果的影响

目的 研究玻璃体注射曲安奈德（intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide,IVTA）对特发性黄斑前膜（idiopathic anterior macular membrane,IMEM）术后黄斑区解剖结构与视功能的影响。设计 病例对照研究。研究对象 2017年1月至2019年12月于河北医科大学第二医院眼科接受手术治疗的IMEM患者74例（74眼）。方法 采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为玻璃体切除术联合IVTA组（注药组,38 例38 眼）和单纯玻璃体切除术组（对照组,35 例35 眼）。两组患者行玻璃体切除术剥除黄斑前膜及内界膜,注药组术眼术中IVTA 2 mg/0.05 ml。术后随访至少12个月。观察两组患者手术前、术后1、3、6、12个月最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity,BCVA）、黄斑中心凹厚度（macular fovea thickness,CMT）、异常中心凹内层（ectopic inner foveal layers,EIFL）+外丛状层厚度及眼压的变化情况,采用Pearson相关分析,多元线性回归方程,广义估计方程进行统计分析。主要指标BCVA、CMT、EIFL +外丛状层厚度。结果 两组患者术前BCVA与EIFL+外丛状层厚度均密切相关（r=0.934,P=0.005）。注药组和对照组术后BCVA均较术前明显提高（χ2=3428.83,P＜0.001;χ2=445.67,P＜0.001）;术后3、6、12个月,两组间BCVA差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.31,P=0.004;χ2=11.31,P=0.001;χ2=22.54,P＜0.001）,注药组视力提高较对照组明显。注药组和对照组CMT术后均显著降低（χ2=1121.82,P<0.001;χ2=355.92,P<0.001）;术后3、6、12个月,两组间CMT差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.47,P＜0.001;χ2=21.15,P＜0.001;χ2=28.88,P＜0.001）,注药组患者术后CMT降低较对照组明显。注药组和对照组EIFL +外丛状层厚度术后显著降低（χ2=842.68,P<0.001;χ2=246.40,P<0.001）。术后3、6、12个月,两组间EIFL+外丛状层厚度差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.25,P=0.001;χ2=15.93,P＜0.001;χ2=11.98,P=0.001）,注药组EIFL+外丛状层厚度降低较对照组明显。结论 IMEM患者玻璃体手术术毕时IVTA有利于黄斑解剖结构和视功能的恢复。（眼科,2021, 30： 453-459）     

Experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis: purification and characterization of a lacrimal gland antigen.

A soluble lacrimal gland antigen (LG-Ag) capable of inducing experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis (EAD) in SJL/J mice has been purified from bovine lacrimal gland extracts by a combination of ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons. Antibodies raised in guinea pigs against purified LG-Ag were used to confirm the tissue-specificity and to assess the cellular localization of LG-Ag within tissues. Anti-LG-Ag serum reacted with the crude lacrimal gland extracts but not with the extracts of bovine submaxillary gland, parotid gland, or retina. As shown by immunofluorescent staining, LG-Ag appeared to be localized on the murine lacrimal ductal epithelial cells but was lacking in the salivary ducts. LG-Ag induced EAD that was characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells around the ducts and associated vasculature, accompanied by extensive damage of the acinar cells. The lesions induced were tissue-specific, in that SJL/J mice immunized with LG-Ag had intense lymphocytic infiltrates in lacrimal gland, but had no significant lesions in their salivary and harderian glands. The availability of a purified LG antigen can facilitate the further analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in EAD.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral lacrimal gland lesions

Purpose To report the findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of various benign and malignant unilateral lacrimal gland lesions.Methods This is a retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. Thirty-one consecutive patients with a unilateral lacrimal gland lesion were analyzed. The preoperative MRI findings were correlated with the pathology results. The main outcome measures were anatomic extent, configuration, margins, angulation, internal features on T1- and T2-weighted images (with respect to extraocular muscles and cerebral gray matter), contrast enhancement of the lesion and adjacent bone change on MRI.Results Of the 31 patients, 21 had chronic dacryoadenitis, 3 had lymphoid tumors, and 7 had epithelial tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (3), adenoid cystic carcinoma (3), and pleomorphic adenocarcinoma (1). The results of the patients with chronic dacryoadenitis demonstrated involvement of the orbital lobe alone in 13 patients (62%), involvement of both orbital and palpebral lobes in 8 (38%), a molded configuration with ill-defined margins, sharp angles in 13 (62%), round angles in 8 (38%), lack of bone change, an isointense internal signal on T1-weighted images, a hypointense signal on T2-weighted images, and moderate contrast enhancement. The patients with lymphoid tumors demonstrated involvement of the orbital lobe, a molded configuration with ill-defined margins and sharp angles, lack of bone change, an isointense internal signal on T1-weighted images, an isointense signal on T2-weighted images, and moderate contrast enhancement. Those with epithelial tumors showed involvement of the orbital lobe, a well-circumscribed oval configuration, and round angles. Pleomorphic adenoma demonstrated smooth margins, bone expansion in two patients , and no bone change in one. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenocarcinoma showed irregular margins and bone destruction. All epithelial tumors demonstrated an isointense internal signal on T1-weighted images, a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, and moderate contrast enhancement.Conclusions It is difficult to uniformly correlate the MRI features and histopathologic findings in lacrimal gland lesions. However, MRI seems to be useful in determining the etiology of a unilateral lacrimal gland lesion. Internal tissue features on T1- and T2-weighted images of MRI are most helpful in categorizing these lesions. Although the number of patients is small, our findings suggest that there are differences in orbital MRI findings of inflammatory lesions and lymphoid tumors as compared to benign and malignant epithelial tumors in the lacrimal gland fossa.Presented in part as a free paper at the 10th International Congress of Ocular Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 17–21 June 2001An erratum to this article can be found at