补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:观察补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变疗效及对患者中医证候和视功能水平的影响.方法:选取2017-01/2019-12期间我院气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者110例,进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方式分为观察组55例110眼、对照组55例110眼,对照组参考相关指南根据患者病情程度予以常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗.比较两组患者治疗3mo临床疗效,治疗前、治疗3mo中医证候积分,临床指标(黄斑水肿情况评分、黄斑视网膜体积、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度),视功能(最佳矫正视力、视野平均敏感度),以及血清生化指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)].结果:治疗3mo后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者黄斑水肿情况评分、黄斑视网膜体积、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较治疗前减小,且观察组小于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者最佳矫正视力、视野平均敏感度均较治疗前改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者血清VEGF、HIF-1水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变疗效确切,可能通过降低VEGF、HIF-1表达改善症状,促进视功能恢复.     

物理疗法治疗蒸发过强型干眼的临床疗效观察

目的:探究物理疗法治疗蒸发过强型干眼的临床疗效。方法:选取2018-10/2019-04期间在甘肃中医药大学附属医院眼科门诊诊断为蒸发过强型干眼患者70例140眼。将患者随机分为对照组35例70眼给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗,治疗组35例70眼在对照组基础上进行针刺联合中药电离子导入治疗,1次/d,治疗3wk(治疗6d休息1d)。观察治疗前后泪河高度(TMH)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、Schirmer I试验(SⅠt)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)。结果:治疗组和对照组治疗前TMH为0.21(0.15,0.27)、0.21(0.15,0.28)mm,治疗后为0.24(0.21,0.29)、0.23(0.19,0.29)mm。治疗组和对照组治疗前SⅠt为5.00(3.00,7.00)、6.00(4.00,7.00)mm/5min,治疗后为10.00(8.00,12.00)、7.00(6.00,8.00)mm/5min。治疗组和对照组治疗前BUT为2.75(1.38,6.15)、3.25(1.38,5.03)s,治疗后为8.90(6.90,12.85)、7.15(5.40,9.53)s。治疗组和对照组治疗前FL为4.50(3.00,6.00)、5.00(3.00,6.00)分,治疗后为1.00(0.75,2.00)、3.00(2.00,4.00)分。治疗前治疗组和对照组各指标均无差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组间各指标比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组、对照组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:物理疗法在治疗蒸发过强型干眼中具有显著的临床疗效。     

高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床研究

目的：观察高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床疗效。方法：中重度干眼患者40例随机分成试验组和对照组,每组各20例。试验组用玻璃酸钠滴眼液（3g/L）、对照组玻璃酸钠滴眼液（1g/L）联合重组人表皮生长因子滴眼液治疗,治疗前和治疗2wk后,通过症状评分、眼表疾病指数（OSDI）评分、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、泪液分泌试验（Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt）、角膜荧光素染色评分（FL）等评价两组疗效。结果：治疗前,两组各项指标差异均无统计学意义。治疗2wk后,除SⅠt外,两组的其他指标和治疗前相比,差异均有统计学意义; 两组间相比,除症状评分和OSDI差异有统计学意义,余无统计学差异。结论：高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼,能有效缓解眼部不适症状,提高患者生存质量。     

针刺治疗绝经后期干眼患者的疗效及其泪液蛋白质组学研究

目的　研究针刺疗法治疗绝经后期干眼患者的有效性及其分子机制。方法　选取28例（56眼）绝经后期干眼妇女,随机分成单纯人工泪液（artificial tears,AT）治疗组（AT组）14例28眼及针刺联合人工泪液 （acupuncture plus artificial tears,AC+AT） 治疗组（AC+AT组）14例28眼,每组均治疗2个月,并对治疗前后两组患者眼表疾病指数 （ocular surface disease index,OSDI）评分、症状评分、体征评分以及泪膜破裂时间（break-up time,BUT） 进行分析。同时采集治疗前后各组泪液样本,采用二维纳米液相色谱耦合串联质谱法 （two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry,2D Nano-LC-MS/MS）对AC+AT组治疗前后泪液进行蛋白质组学分析,采用蛋白质印记法比较两组泪液蛋白差异。结果　两组治疗后OSDI评分、症状评分、体征评分和BUT,AT组分别为39.08±18.68、7.43±2.08、11.46±2.29、（4.75±1.74）s,AC+AT组分别为24.55±17.43、4.68±2.54、11.21±2.96、（4.57±2.71）s;与治疗前相比均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（均为P=0.000）。与AT组相比,针刺治疗后AC+AT组的症状评分明显改善（P=0.000）。2D Nano-LC-MS/MS法分析了泪液中2411种蛋白,其中142种表达下调,169种表达上调。与AT组相比,针刺治疗后AC+AT组患者泪液中细胞质蛋白表达下调（P=0.000）,分泌蛋白表达上调（P=0.000）。在蛋白功能方面,与AT组相比,AC+AT组细胞组分蛋白表达下调 （P=0.000）,免疫蛋白表达上调 （P=0.040）。结论　AC+AT治疗增加了泪液蛋白质合成及分泌,改善临床绝经后期干眼患者症状。针刺治疗可能成为治疗该类干眼患者的有效辅助疗法。     

原发性干燥综合征干眼的中西医结合治疗临床研究

目的　观察中西医综合疗法治疗原发性干燥综合征干眼的临床效果。方法　采用前瞻性病例对照研究。纳入患者１１０例２２０眼,治疗组及对照组各５５例１１０眼。对照组给予羟糖甘滴眼液、重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子眼用凝胶、睑板腺按摩治疗。治疗组与对照组相同用药及睑板腺按摩治疗的同时,内服润目丰液汤治疗。统计每例患者双眼的每项评价指标数值－干眼症状评分、泪膜破裂时间、ＳｃｈｉｒｍｅｒⅠ试验（无表面麻醉下）、角膜荧光素染色评分,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果　治疗组与对照组治疗前干眼症状评分、泪膜破裂时间、ＳｃｈｉｒｍｅｒⅠ试验、角膜荧光素染色评分差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;两组治疗后１周、４周、８周上述各指标随治疗时间的延长较治疗前均有好转,除对照组治疗后１周干眼症状评分与治疗前差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）外,其他时间点各指标与治疗前差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,治疗后相同时间点治疗组上述各指标均优于对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　中西医综合治疗能标本兼顾,更好地改善原发性干燥综合征干眼的临床症状,治疗效果明显。     

Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼的长期并发症

目的:评估Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼的长期并发症.方法:收集汕头国际眼科中心2011至2016年门诊确诊的水液缺乏型干眼患者300例(600眼),进行Smart plug泪小管塞治疗,随访观察术后临床并发症,中位随访时间为术后3年(术后1～5年).结果:3例患者(3眼)术后患有泪小管炎(0.5％),发病时间为术后1～3(中位2)年,取出泪小管塞后并给予局部抗生素滴眼液治愈.2例患者(4眼)因植入上下泪小管塞后流泪症状不能耐受,单纯取出下泪小管塞后症状缓解(0.7％);4例患者(8眼)因只植入下泪小管塞症状未能明显好转,1个月后再次植入上泪小管塞(1.3％);291例患者干眼主观症状改善,有效率为97.5％,长期随访未发现并发症.结论:虽然Smart plug泪小管塞治疗水液缺乏型干眼具有明确的疗效,但Smart plug泪小管塞植入后的长期并发症不容忽视,需要长期观察.     

γ-亚麻酸治疗兔蒸发过强型干眼的实验研究

目的观察γ-亚麻酸治疗实验性蒸发过强型干眼的疗效。方法烧灼兔睑板腺开口制成蒸发过强型干眼模型，将30只兔随机分为对照组和治疗组2组。对照组不给予任何药物；治疗组给予γ-亚麻酸灌胃治疗，用药前后定期进行Schirmer Ⅰ试验、角膜虎红染色，并观察泪膜破裂时间、泪液中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）质量浓度的变化。用药5周后，免疫组织化学方法检测细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）在角膜、结膜中的表达。结果治疗组兔Schirmer Ⅰ试验滤纸湿长、泪膜破裂时间较对照组增加（P〈0．01）、角膜虎红染色分值下降（P〈0．01）、泪液中IL-6质量浓度下降（P〈0．01）。ICAM-1在治疗组角膜、结膜上皮无表达或弱表达，在对照组有表达，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论1-亚麻酸通过对抗细胞因子的作用减轻蒸发过强型干眼眼表的炎症反应，对干眼有治疗作用。     

重组人表皮生长因子衍生物滴眼液治疗干眼所引起的角膜上皮损伤的临床研究

目的探讨重组人表皮生长因子衍生物（rhEGF）滴眼液治疗干眼所引起的角膜上皮损伤——表层点状角膜病变（SPK）的临床效果及安全性。方法应用前瞻性评估研究方法，对干眼合并SPK674眼（337例），按随机双盲原则分为两组：rhEGF滴眼液试验组336眼（168例），其中轻、中、重症亚组依次为146、122、68眼；硫酸软骨素滴眼液（人工泪）对照组338眼（169例），其中轻、中、重症亚组依次为154、114、70眼，分别对疗效和不良反应情况进行观察评估。结果缓解干眼症状（眼疼、畏光、流泪、异物感）：试验组和对照组两组之间轻、中、重亚组间两两对比，差异均无统计学意义（P=0．118、P＝0．128、P=0．092）；治疗干眼体征（SPK）：轻、中、重症亚组总有效率分别为75．4％、74．0％、38．2％和64．9％、44．2％、22．9％。两组轻、中、重症亚组间的比较，轻症亚组中两者差异无统计学意义（P=0．118），在中症及重症亚组中两者差异有统计学意义（P=0．001，P=0．034）。结论rhEGF滴眼液在治疗、促进中、重度干眼所引起的角膜上皮损伤（SPK）优于硫酸软骨素滴眼液，特别是中度者的疗效更为明显，并具有较好的耐受性和安全性。     

New Perspectives on Dry Eye Definition and Diagnosis: A Consensus Report by the Asia Dry Eye Society

For the last 20 years, a great amount of evidence has accumulated through epidemiological studies that most of the dry eye disease encountered in daily life, especially in video display terminal (VDT) workers, involves short tear film breakup time (TFBUT) type dry eye, a category characterized by severe symptoms but minimal clinical signs other than short TFBUT. An unstable tear film also affects the visual function, possibly due to the increase of higher order aberrations. Based on the change in the understanding of the types, symptoms, and signs of dry eye disease, the Asia Dry Eye Society agreed to the following definition of dry eye: “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage.” The definition stresses instability of the tear film as well as the importance of visual impairment, highlighting an essential role for TFBUT assessment. This paper discusses the concept of Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), which evolved from the definition of dry eye, emphasizing the importance of a stable tear film.     

Ocular Ferning Test: A Qualitative Test for Mucus Deficiency

A new qualitative test for the study of conjunctival mucus has been developed. Conjunctival scrapings were obtained from 196 patients. Microscopic mucus ferning (arborization) was observed in 148 (91%) patients with various forms of acute conjunctivitis. Six patients (18%) with cicatrizing conjunctivitis (diffuse conjunctival cicatrization, ocular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) had mucus ferning in their conjunctival scrapings specimens. Mucus ferning was significantly absent (P < 0.005) in patients with diffuse conjunctival cicatrization when compared to mucus ferning in other forms of conjunctivitis. Ocular mucus ferning test is a simple inexpensive office test for the evaluation of patients with mucus deficiency.     

Topical Quercetin and Resveratrol Protect the Ocular Surface in Experimental Dry Eye Disease

Purpose: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin (QCT), resveratrol (RES), and their combination in a dry eye disease (DED) model.

Methods: 0.01% QCT, 0.1% RES, 0.01% QCT + 0.1% RES (QCT + RES) or vehicle were topically applied in a desiccating stress (DS) mice model. CD4⁺ T cells isolated from DS-exposed mice were transferred to athymic recipient mice. Corneal fluorescein staining, tear production, and tear cytokine levels were evaluated in DS-exposed mice, and conjunctival CD4⁺ T cell infiltration was evaluated in recipient mice.

Results: QCT (p < 0.001) and QCT + RES (p < 0.05) reduced corneal staining in DS-exposed mice. IL-1α tear concentration was reduced by QCT, RES, and QCT + RES (p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.01, respectively) compared to DS + vehicle mice. CD4⁺ T cells increased in recipients of DS-exposed mice (p < 0.05) and were lower in recipients of QCT- and RES-treated mice (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of QCT, RES, and QCT + RES on DED-experimental model suggests that their topical application could be used for DED treatment.     

睑板腺分泌物与干眼症关系的研究

目的:了解异常睑板腺分泌物和干眼症的关系。方法:在门诊连续观察68例共136眼。常规检查视力和矫正视力、眼球前段和眼底检查。进行泪膜破裂时间(BUT),SchirmerⅠ试验和角膜虎红染色(rb)并评分,观察记录睑板腺分泌物的性质。按病情轻重将干眼症分为轻度和重度。结果:蛋清样分泌物28眼,奶黄样分泌物26眼,颗粒状分泌物30眼,牙膏状分泌物52眼。干眼症指标3项显示,在蛋清样,奶黄样,颗粒状和牙膏状睑板腺分泌物中,BUT积分和rb积分呈阶梯状依次增高,牙膏状分泌物组的BUT和rb积分明显高于其它3组,(两两比较,P均<0.01)。各组SchirmerⅠ积分均在1分以下,组间无差别。有54眼(40%)符合干眼症诊断标准,各组患干眼症的构成比依次升高为:蛋清样(2/28)7.1%;奶黄样(4/26)15%;颗粒状(8/30)27%;牙膏状(40/52)77%。颗粒状分泌物发生干眼症高于蛋清样组(P<0.05),而牙膏状分泌物发生干眼症明显高于其它3组(P<0.01)。蛋清样和奶黄样分泌物组无重度干眼症患者,8眼颗粒状分泌物中重度干眼症占2眼,而40眼牙膏状分泌物中19眼发生重度干眼症。牙膏状分泌物发生重度干眼症高于非牙膏状分泌物(P<0.05)。结论:异常睑板腺分泌物影响眼表面的稳定性,其中牙膏状分泌物患者易患干眼症,干眼症程度较其它分泌物组重。     

中药熏蒸疗法治疗干眼的临床应用

目的：研究中药熏蒸疗法治疗干眼症的临床效果。方法：前瞻性对照研究。选取2018年1月至2020 年12月于绍兴市中医院眼科诊治的干眼患者98例（196眼）,依照随机数字表法分为2组：对照组49例 （98眼）,滴用玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗;观察组49例（98眼）,应用干眼中医学基础理论及中药作用机理 实施中药熏蒸治疗。分别记录治疗前、治疗30 d后泪液分泌量（SⅠt）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）及角膜 荧光素染色（FL）结果。组间数据比较采用独立样本t检验及非参数秩和检验。结果：观察组与对照 组治疗前SⅠt、BUT、FL评分等差异无统计学意义。观察组治疗后SⅠt（t=-2.78,P=0.006）、BUT （t=-2.89,P=0.005）、FL评分（Z=2.69,P=0.007）均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义。观察组和 对照组患者临床治疗总有效率分别为93.9%和77.6%,2组差异有统计学意义（x2=5.33,P=0.021）。结论： 在临床治疗干眼中,基于中医学基础理论及中药作用机理所制定的中药熏蒸疗法能够有效改善患者 干眼症状,提升治疗效果。     

干眼理疗仪治疗干眼的多中心随机对照研究

目的：评估一款干眼理疗仪治疗干眼的临床安全性和有效性。方法：前瞻性、多中心、随机对照临 床研究。纳入2018年7—11月在河南省眼科研究所、苏州九龙医院和江南大学附属医院3家符合条 件的轻、中度干眼患者,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组滴0.1%玻璃酸钠滴眼液4次/d,每次1滴, 持续治疗4周[（28±5）d]。试验组使用干眼理疗仪1次/d,每次持续时间至少15 min,持续治疗4周 [（28±5）d]。分别于治疗前和治疗后1、2和4周对患者的眼表情况进行评估,分析其有效性;于治 疗前和治疗后4周对患者的干眼主观症状、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、SchirmerⅠ试验和角膜荧光素钠 染色情况进行评估后计算症征总积分,分析有效率。计量数据比较采用t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验, 构成比及有效率的比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用非劣效验证,设定非劣效界值为 Δ=10%,对照组与试验组治疗有效率之差的95%可信区间下限大于-Δ（-10%）,则推断试验组的疗 效非劣于对照组。结果：共112例患者纳入研究,其中男41例,女71例;每组各56例;112例中109 例患者完成随访。对照组与试验组治疗前右眼与左眼的主观症状总分（右眼：t=0.15,P=0.880;左眼： t=0.19,P=0.850）及症征总积分（右眼：t=0.20,P=0.840;左眼：t=0.43,P=0.670）差异均无统计学意 义。治疗4周后,2组症征总积分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对照组治疗有效率为64.8%,试验组 治疗有效率为72.7%,2组有效率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对照组出现1例不良事件,试验组出 现2例不良事件,差异无统计学意义。结论：干眼理疗仪治疗干眼有效率达72.7%,非劣于0.1%玻璃 酸钠滴眼液,且安全性高。     

FS-LASIK与去瓣LASEK术后干眼比较

比较飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（FS-LASIK）和去瓣乙醇辅助的准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术（LASEK）术后的干眼状况。方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集2016年8月至2017年 2月在宁波市眼科医院屈光手术中心行FS-LASIK的近视患者（FS-LASIK组）30例（30眼），行去瓣 LASEK的近视患者（LASEK组）30例（30眼）。分别在术前及术后3、6、12个月评估2组患者的眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷、泪液分泌试验（SⅠT）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）及角膜荧光素染色。2组数据采用两因素重复测量方差分析进行检验。结果：2组间各时间点OSDI问卷分数、SⅠT和角膜荧光素染色差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。FS-LASIK组术前及术后3、6个月的BUT与LASEK组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），术后12个月的BUT较LASEK组更长（t=2.81，P=0.01）。与术前相比，FS-LASIK组术后3个月的角膜荧光素染色显著增加（t=3.48，P=0.008），术后6、12个月与术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），LASEK组术后各时间点的角膜荧光素染色与术前差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。2组术后各时间点的OSDI问卷分数和SⅠT与术前差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。FS-LASIK组、LASEK组的 BUT在术后3、6个月与术前差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05），在术后12个月均较术前显著延长（t=3.14， P=0.01；t=2.43，P=0.04）。结论：FS-LASIK和去瓣LASEK术后干眼程度都较轻，且2种术式对干眼的影响是相似的。     

Age-related Defects in Ocular and Nasal Mucosal Immune System and the Immunopathology of Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent public health concern that affects up to 30% of adults and is particularly chronic and severe in the elderly. Two interconnected mechanisms cause DED: (1) an age-related dysfunction of lacrimal and meibomian glands, which leads to decreased tear production and/or an increase in tear evaporation; and (2) an age-related uncontrolled inflammation of the surface of the eye triggered by yet-to-be-determined internal immunopathological mechanisms, independent of tear deficiency and evaporation. In this review we summarize current knowledge on animal models that mimic both the severity and chronicity of inflammatory DED and that have been reliably used to provide insights into the immunopathological mechanisms of DED, and we provide an overview of the opportunities and limitations of the rabbit model in investigating the role of both ocular and nasal mucosal immune systems in the immunopathology of inflammatory DED and in testing novel immunotherapies aimed at delaying or reversing the uncontrolled age-related inflammatory DED.     

Caspase家族与干眼症的研究进展

Caspase家族是一类同源天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶,它们级联活化后降解其产物,参与炎症因子的产生以及细胞凋亡的调节。干眼症是眼科的常见疾病,是一种多因素相互作用所致的一种眼表疾病。细胞凋亡在干眼症的发病机制中占有非常重要的地位,炎症反应也被证实在干眼症的发病机制中发挥重要作用。近年来,人们对Caspase家族的分...     

Trehalose Versus Hyaluronan or Cellulose in Eyedrops for the Treatment of Dry Eye

Purpose Trehalose eyedrops were found by a previous study to be safe and effective compared with saline in the treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of trehalose eyedrops with that of the commercially available eyedrops containing hyaluronan or cellulose now used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome.Methods In a randomized, double-masked, 4-week crossover, controlled clinical trial, 36 patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome were divided into two groups: the hyaluronan (Hyalein)-comparison group (18 patients) and the hydroxyethylcellulose (Mytear)-comparison group (18 patients). Each group used either trehalose or one of the commercially available medications contained in a masked eyedrop container for the first 4 weeks, and then for the second 4 weeks, switched to either trehalose or the commercial eyedrop not used for the first 4 weeks. Symptoms and signs in both eyes were recorded at the baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks.Results At 4 weeks after the treatment, fluorescein and rose bengal staining scores of the ocular surface as well as the tear film breakup time had improved significantly with trehalose eyedrops compared with the commercially available eyedrops containing either hyaluronan or hydroxyethylcellulose (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). In addition, all the objective signs were significantly better in patients who finished with trehalose at the end of the 8-week trial compared with those who finished with either of the two commercially available drugs. A larger number of patients evaluated trehalose as a better treatment than the commercially available eyedrops.Conclusions Trehalose solution was a better treatment for moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome in comparison with two commercially available eyedrops containing hyaluronan or hydroxyethylcellulose. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:321–327 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Orlando, Florida, October 2002. Toshihiko Matsuo is the inventor of Trehalose Eyedrops for Dry Eye Syndrome. The patent rights are held by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan, in which Dr. Matsuo has no financial interest.