Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts Assessment by Multislice Computed Tomography

Abstract Background: Selective coronary angiography is the standard but invasive procedure for postoperative assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the multislice computed tomography (CT) as a means of postoperative patency assessment and anastomotic site control of arterial and venous coronary bypass grafts performed with off-pump coronary artery bypass techniques. Methods: Over a 6-month period, 20 patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass (beating heart technique) and benefited, 7 days later, from a patency and anastomotic site control by multidetector angio multislice CT with cardiac gating. Results: Whole internal thoracic artery bypasses and venous grafts were visualized perfectly on their entire length, including the anastomotic site, and 3-dimensional reconstruction was possible. The relationship between cardiac cavities and the bypasses were well visualized, allowing quantification of bypass stenosis ensured by software analysis. Conclusions: Postoperative control of coronary bypasses is possible by multislice CT with a very satisfactory resolution, thus making it possible to check the patency of coronary bypasses and the quality of anastomosis with a noninvasive method. Three-dimensional reconstructions are very useful in the event of redo surgery.     

The Benefit of Multislice Computed Tomography in the Emergency Room Management of Polytraumatized Patients

Abstract Reducing time requirements for the primary diagnostic evaluation is a major concern in the early phase of polytrauma management. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a quick and reliable method for the initial diagnostic evaluation. CT provides more detailed and more consistent information than conventional radiography and it has the great advantage of allowing rapid examination of the head, vertebral column, chest, abdomen, and pelvis during one single examination. The CT suite needs to be adequately equipped for resuscitation and reanimation, which is done parallel to the radiologic investigations.Since polytrauma management is based on a multidisciplinary approach that is characterized by a coordinated interaction between trauma surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists, members of all involved disciplines need adequate teaching. Guidelines and algorithms contribute to optimize the early management.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在胃癌规范性根治术术前评估中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(multislice spiral computed tomography angiography,MSCTA)在胃癌规范性根治术术前评估中的价值.方法 通过术前MSCTA了解86例胃癌患者腹腔干三大动脉分支及其属支(肝总动脉、肝右动脉、肝左动脉、脾动脉、胃左动脉)的解剖走行情况,并经术中验证;同时采用MSCTA对胃癌进行术前TNM分期,并将其与手术后病理结果 进行对照.结果 通过术中探查验证,86例患者术前MSCTA评估腹腔干三大动脉分支及其属支走行情况的准确率为100%.肝动脉解剖异常者22例,变异率为25.58%,其中异常肝右动脉11例(12.79%)、异常肝左动脉7例(8.14%)、同时存在异常肝左及异常肝右动脉1例(1.16%)、肝总动脉源自肠系膜上动脉3例(3.49%).脾动脉直型24例(27.91%),轻曲型44例(51.16%),显著曲型18例(20.93%).本组未发现胃左动脉变异情况.通过与术后病理对照,MSCTA对胃癌术前T、N、M分期的准确率分别为75.58%(65/86)、74.42%(64/86)和91.86%(79/86).结论 MSCTA能较客观地评估胃癌患者术前腹腔于三大动脉分支及其属支的解剖走行情况及较为准确地进行胃癌术前TNM分期,在制定手术方案、防止术中动脉损伤等方面有着重要的作用.     

Use of Intraoperative Computed Tomography Scanning in Determining the Magnitude of Arthroscopic Osteochondroplasty

Femoroacetabular impingement has recently become a recognized cause of disability and hip arthritis. Hip arthroscopy and femoroacetabular reshaping have been performed to treat this condition. Quantification of the excess femoral and acetabular bone requiring resection has been challenging with the less invasive arthroscopic technique. We describe the use of intraoperative computed tomography assessing osteochondroplasty during arthroscopic surgery to treat cam- and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement. We also describe the technical steps and present the important radiologic findings we have been able to visualize. We found intraoperative computed tomography scanning to be a reliable and reproducible method of assessing the quality of femoroacetabular impingement surgery. We believe that femoroacetabular impingement surgery can be assessed intraoperatively by use of computed tomography scanning where corrections can be made if necessary.     

Remission of Splenic Volume in the Recipient During the Course of Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Evaluation Using Multislice Computed Tomography and Semiautomatic Software

Aim

The purpose of the study was to examine changes in splenic volume among recipients during the course of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using multislice computed tomography (CT) scanning with a semiautomatic volumetry software.

Materials and Methods

Forty-eight patients, including 33 males and a mean overall age of 54 ± 8 years), underwent liver transplantation for the primary disease of liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 31/17, respectively). The mean MELD score was 14 ± 6. The liver graft mass compared with recipient weight was 74% ± 28%. Splenic artery embolization was not performed. Dynamic CT scans splenic volume, and platelet counts (10³/cm³) were obtained pre, ≤50 day and ≥90 days postoperatively.

Results

The total time to generate volumetry and image postprocessing per examination was <10 minutes. One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the average splenic volume tended to be reduced from pre- to post-LDLT, although not significantly: pre-LDLT, 469 ± 270 mL; ≤day 50, 369 ± 212 mL; and ≥day 90, 378 ± 210 mL (P = .066). One-factor ANOVA revealed that the average platelet count was significantly different in the 3 periods: pre-LDLT, 69 ± 32 × 10³/cm³; ≤day 50, 181 ± 253 × 10³/cm³; and ≥day 90, 126 ± 64 × 10³/cm³ (P < .01). The post hoc Scheffé test revealed the statistical significance of the platelet counts between pre-LDLT and ≤day 50 (P < .01).

Conclusion

Splenic volumetry with multislice CT and semiautomatic software, which is simple and not time consuming, was able to evaluate remission from hypersplenism during the course of LDLT.     

Quantitative Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography in Children

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) methodologies have been instrumental in deepening our understanding of bone acquisition and strength during childhood. Important publications in the last year have drawn attention to the functional muscle-bone unit, showing that factors such as population ancestry, bone size, and muscle composition are additional dimensions of bone strength that affect muscle-bone relationships. The role of adiposity in pediatric bone health is complex and may vary by sex, puberty stage, and degree of obesity. Several new studies have demonstrated the association of peripheral QCT (pQCT) outcomes with fracture, although pQCT outcomes are not superior to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures in this regard. New high-resolution pQCT studies document transient weakness in mid-puberty that coincides developmentally with the period of peak fracture incidence. These new studies will ultimately help us understand the development of sex differences in bone strength that emerge in adolescence.     

Intraoperative Ultrasonography versus Helical Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography with Arterioportography in Diagnosing Colorectal Liver Metastases: Lesion-by-lesion Analysis

Helical computed tomography with arterioportography (CTAP) and intraoperative sonography (IOUS) are both recognized to be extremely sensitive in the detection of liver metastases measuring <2 cm in diameter. As sensitivity and specificity values for both techniques differ significantly in the literature and in default of sufficient published data regarding this subject, a lesion-by-lesion analysis was considered necessary. Accuracy of IOUS was compared with helical computed tomography (CT) and portal-phase contrast enhancement (CTAP) in the preoperative detection of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma projected as a prospective blinded study. Cost efficiency should be determined. Liver CTAP and IOUS were evaluated in 33 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Metastases were resected in 10 cases, and the remaining 23 patients were observed for follow-up with CT investigations every 3 months for a period of 1 year. CTAP and IOUS detected all 13 lesions measuring 5–10 mm (13/13). One metastasis measuring >10 mm was missed by IOUS. CTAP presented an ideal sensitivity of 100%, but specificity was as low as 68%. IOUS sensitivity was 98% and specificity was 95%. IOUS and CTAP are of comparable value regarding the detection of liver metastases <10 mm. Both techniques may be used if resections of synchronous or metachronous metastases are planned in order not to miss limiting small lesions and to prevent superfluous liver surgery. Helical CT scan with dynamic intravenous contrast enhancement is considered the most cost-effective preoperative staging method, although local staging may not be achieved because of insufficient intraabdominal survey.     

Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings of Splenic Artery Aneurysms Associated With Liver Involvement in Wilson's Disease

Purpose

The purposed of this study was to examine the incidence and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) in patients with liver involvement related to Wilson's disease.

Computed Tomography Measures of Nutrition in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease Provide a Novel Approach to Characterize Deficits

Background

Patients with cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) develop severe nutrition deficits that affect morbidity and mortality. Laboratory measures of nutrition fail to fully assess clinical deficits in muscle mass and fat stores. This study employs computed tomography imaging to assess muscle mass and subcutaneous and visceral fat stores in patients with ESLD.

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的临床应用

近年来,冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)在我国的发病率明显增高,早期诊断、早期治疗尤为重要。随着计算机断层成像(CT)技术的迅速发展,多层螺旋CT(multidetector-row computed tomography,MDCT)逐步成为冠心病筛查和诊断的首选检查方法。现就MDCT的发展概况、钙化积分、检测冠状动脉狭窄程度、斑块评价、解剖变异显示、旁路血管评价、冠状动脉支架术后评价、心肌灌注、心功能分析等方面的临床应用进行综述     

Phenotyping Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Using Body Plethysmography and Computed Tomography

Restrictive subtype of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was recently described after lung transplantation. This study compares different definitions of a restrictive phenotype in CLAD patients and impact on survival. Eighty‐nine CLAD patients out of 1191 screened patients (September 1987 to July 2012) were included as complete longitudinal lung volume measurements and chest computed tomography (CT) after CLAD onset was available. CT findings and lung volumes were quantified and survival was calculated for distinctive groups and predictive factors for worse survival were investigated. Graft survival in patients with total lung capacity (TLC) between 90% and 81% of baseline (BL) (n = 13, 15%) in CLAD course was similar to those with TLC >90% BL (n = 64, 56%; log‐rank test p = 0.9). Twelve patients (13%) developed a TLC ≤80% BL and 10 (11%) had significant parenchymal changes on CT, of whom 6 (46%) also had TLC ≤80% BL. CT changes correlated with TLC ≤80% BL (Φ‐coefficient = 0.48, p = 0.001). Patients with either TLC ≤80% or significant CT changes (n = 16, 18%) had a significantly reduced survival (log‐rank p < 0.001). Forced vital capacity loss at CLAD onset was associated with poorer survival but did not correlate with the TLC or CT changes. A restrictive subtype of CLAD may be defined by either TLC ≤80% BL or severe parenchymal changes on chest CT.     

Accuracy of Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Milan Criteria in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background

Despite worldwide debate on optimal selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation, the Milan criteria remain the benchmark for comparisons. Moreover, morphologic tumor features are universally considered important in pretransplant patient evaluation. The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of multiphasic computed tomography (CT) in assessing HCC burden before liver transplantation with special reference to Milan criteria fulfillment.