Death education for nursing professors and students: a document review of the scientific literature

In Western cultures, Death is not among the favorite topics. Nevertheless, how should professionals who deal with Death on a daily basis behave? What meaning does Death have to them? This study consists of a survey on scientific literature about the referred subject in nursing education. Using a qualitative method, a documentary exploratory study was performed, characterized by a survey over a five-year period. The following keywords were used: Nursing Professor and Student, Death and Dying. Twelve articles were located and comprised three categories: Nursing students and dealing with death every day; The nursing professor dealing with death every day and the teaching skills; Academic education providing support for a critical-reflexive view about death-dying. In conclusion, there is o preparation for nursing students on the referred theme. Changing the current situation is only possible with greater investments and if further studies are performed.     

国外护理质量和护理安全研究文献回顾

随着《护士条例》的颁布,人们在关注护士地位、待遇及护理质量对患者疗效和疾病恢复的影响的同时．也更加关注护理质量和安全问题。国外在此方面研究较多,国内也逐渐开始重视护理质量与护理安全问题的研究。现将国外有关此类研究的文献回顾如下。     

Changes in community nursing in Australia: 1995-2000

AIM: This paper reports a study whose aim was to examine the congruence between community nurses' perceptions and the realities of changes in their work. BACKGROUND: There have been increasing challenges to the delivery of community nursing services in Australia over the past decade. Acute care sector changes and the recent focus on health promotion, prevention, early identification and intervention adds pressure and creates tensions for community nurses, which are well-documented in the literature. There is, however, a lack of empirical evidence of actual changes in community nurses' workloads and the focus of their work. Validation of nurses' perceptions would enable them to have a stronger voice in the future development of community health care. METHODS: Four sources of data were used: community health client administrative data 1995-2000; occasions of service data 1995-2000; staffing numbers 1998-2001; and interviews with 14 community nurses in late 2001. RESULTS: Documentary evidence shows that there has been a large increase in the number of adult clients, and all clients are increasingly receiving a shorter, more intensive, clinically focussed service and are then discharged from care, rather than receiving a lower intensity service over a longer period of time. Staffing numbers have not increased to match this higher acuity and intensity. These changes were echoed by the nurses, who reported that expanded acute care roles were impacting on their workload and resulting in a loss of holistic primary health care focus. There has been a lack of leadership and proactive planning by community nurses in response to these changes. CONCLUSION: Community health care in Australia is shifting from primary to short-term clinical care. Greater opportunities for community nurses to engage proactively in defining and promoting their role in the health care system are needed in order to ensure an appropriate balance of acute clinical and holistic primary health care in the community.     

Searching for collaboration in international nursing partnerships: a literature review

GEORGE E.K. & MEADOWS‐OLIVER M. (2013) Searching for collaboration in international nursing partnerships: a literature review. International Nursing Review 60 , 31–36 Background: Nurses from low‐income countries (LICs) face extreme nursing shortages, faculty shortages and a lack of professional development opportunities. Nurses from high‐income countries (HICs) can leverage their wealth of resources to collaborate with nursing colleagues in LICs to expand clinical, education and research capacity. In turn, nurses from HICs gain stronger competency in the care they provide, improved communication skills and an increased understanding of global health issues. Aim: The purpose of this literature review is to identify international nursing clinical, education and research partnerships among nurses from LICs and HICs and to analyse the degree of collaboration involved in each partnership using DeSantis' counterpart concept. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of international nursing partnerships in the scientific literature from January 2001 to July 2012. A total of nine articles met inclusion criteria for analysis. Findings: All of the articles discuss lessons learnt in building international nursing partnerships among nurses from HICs and LICs. However, the articles failed to meet the criteria set forth by DeSantis' counterpart concept to achieve fully collaborative nursing partnerships. Conclusions: International nursing partnerships require more foresight and planning to create partnerships in which the benefits derived by nurses from LICs equal those of their colleagues from HICs. By striving for such collaboration, international nursing partnerships can help build nursing clinical, education and research capacity in LICs.     

Impact of non-verbal communication of professors in the class room -- view of nursing professors

In the interaction teacher-student, the teacher has an important paper and his good acting depends mainly on the conscience and ability that he has in the communication, the nonverbal. This work had as objective to verify the educational of Nursing, the knowledge and the importance attributed to the nonverbal signs in its interaction in class room close to. It is an exploratory study, in the qualitative line and 25 teachers were interviewed in the Nursing School of USP, in October to December of 1999. As results, we could verify that facilitators of the interaction are considered in class room: some teacher's characteristics, student's characteristics, the contact regularity, the type of exposed content and the own communication.     

Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature

Mental health nurses work in challenging and potentially high stress settings. Stressors can occur in the context of consumer, family, and/or staff relationships, as well as the work environment and organization. The cumulative effects of stress and professional challenges can lead to harmful impacts for mental health nurses including burnout and poorer physical and mental health. Resilience involves a process of positive adaptation to stress and adversity. The aims of this integrative review were to examine understandings and perspectives on resilience, and explore and synthesize the state of knowledge on resilience in mental health nursing. Following systematic search processes, screening, and data extraction, 12 articles were included. Constant comparative analysis and synthesis of the data resulted in two key categories: Theoretical concepts of resilience and Knowledge on mental health nurses’ resilience. In mental health nursing, resilience has been variously constructed as an individual ability, collective capacity, or as an interactive person–environment process. Resilience was most often reported as low‐moderate, with positive correlations with hardiness, self‐esteem, life and job satisfaction, and negative correlations with depression and burnout. A resilience programme improved mental health nurses’ coping self‐efficacy and capacity to regulate thoughts and emotions and developed their resilient practice. Use of contemporary resilience definitions will inform more consistent investigation and progressively scaffold knowledge of this emergent construct in mental health nursing. Future research on the implementation of resilience programmes and resilience‐building strategies for mental health nurses at the individual, work unit, and organizational levels is needed.     

The relevance of transcultural nursing to international nursing

Does transcultural nursing as taught in United States' nursing education programmes adequately prepare US nurses for experiences in international health as they assist with the implementation of changes in another country's health care delivery system? That's the question posed by Lydia DeSantis, who is concerned that US nurses need a broader perspective of health care and culture in order to effect changes needed at the national level of policy and decisionmaking to meet the challenges of the Declaration of Alma-Ata. Her concerns about the focus of transcultural nursing are also relevant to INR's international readers, as it offers another perspective on how to persuade policymakers in their countries to reassess and initiate the health programmes needed to attain WHO's HFA goal.     

Integrative review of international nursing research in Mainland China

Background: Nursing research in Mainland China is divided into two parts: domestic nursing research, comprising all publications in Chinese; and international nursing research, comprising all publications in English. Domestic nursing research has been developing rapidly, demonstrated by the increase in new national or regional journals and publications. However, little is known about the extent of international research. Aims: To outline the development of international nursing research publications in Mainland China and to provide suggestions for future development. Method: All of the papers were retrieved from PubMed. The key search phase was ‘China or P.R.China NOT Hong Kong NOT Taiwan NOT Macao [AD]’, with the limits of ‘English’, ‘nursing journals’ as well as the published date up to ‘2007/09/30’. Findings: PubMed recorded 57 English papers that were originally conducted in Mainland China during the search period from 1989 to 30 September 2007. Thirty‐seven of the total 57 (65%) publications were contributed by Beijing, Shanghai and Hubei. Forty‐four of the 57 publications were conducted with collaborators from Hong Kong, the USA, the UK and Canada. Thirteen publications were funded by international societies, while only three were funded by the Chinese government. The research topics mainly focused on clinical research, nursing education and nursing management. Conclusions and Implications: This study indicates that international nursing research has been growing slowly in Mainland China along with provincial variations. The suggestions to improve nursing research include the reform of nursing education, the enhancement of the collaboration with the international societies and the establishment of research priorities.     

Literature review of role stress/strain on nurses: an international perspective

Abstract The presence of role stress/strain among nurses has been of concern throughout the world. However, to date, no one has conducted, from an international perspective, a literature review of research on the topic. This article assesses research from 17 countries, identifies the major areas of focus in the studies, compares and contrasts the findings, summarizes the state of the science on role stress/strain on nurses and makes recommendations for future research.     

Perinatal nursing research: a 25-year review--1976-2000

Parent-infant nursing research from 1976-2000 is reviewed through four groups of studies: development of research instruments, studies of mothers and fathers through the childbearing years, studies of newborns (both healthy and at risk), and studies of special populations. Potential directions for maternal/parent/newborn nursing research in the 21st century are suggested.     

Seven strategies for international nursing student success: A review of the literature

This article proposes 7 strategies that nursing faculty can employ to help international nursing students achieve success. This article discusses research that has been performed which identified barriers to educational success among internationally born students in both nursing education and general higher education. The similarities and differences in the two bodies of literature were examined. Based on a review of this literature, 7 specific, practical strategies that can be used by nursing faculty to help students successfully complete their nursing education are proposed.     

Relationship building through the development of international nursing curricula: a literature review

Purpose:  This expository paper explores the literature related to the development of international nursing (or midwifery) curricula as a vehicle for studying relationship-building.
Background:  International nursing curriculum development can be interpreted as a sanctioned extension of transnational, cross-cultural, political and economic professional outreach activities.
Method:  Extensive literature searches were conducted in the CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO and ABI/INFORM Global databases of the key terms: relationship-building; international; curriculum development; and nursing.
Findings:  The review revealed developing international nursing curricula through cooperative partnerships between institutions of higher learning and/or international development agencies provides a vehicle to build international collegial relationships among nursing faculty and professionals worldwide. A summary is provided in a table.
Conclusions:  Relationship-building through the development of international nursing curricula merits focused investigation.     

The learning experiences of international doctoral students with particular reference to nursing students: A literature review

One of the key challenges for the advancement of nursing globally is the development of doctorally prepared educators and leaders in a context where there is a shortage of provision of doctoral nursing programmes. For the short term future, many nurses wishing to undertake a doctorate will need to complete this education in the USA, the UK or Australia. Very little is known however about the nature of their learning experiences in these countries. This paper presents a literature review on the international doctoral student experience, with specific reference to nursing. A thorough review of the literature from 1990 to 2009 was undertaken which yielded only three empirical studies related to nursing. The review was then expanded to include subjects other than nursing which yielded 16 studies in total. This paper presents key themes that appear to be generic to international doctoral students, and draws out specific implications for nursing.The review found that international doctoral students’ learning experiences were strongly influenced by the extent to which they could engage with three key elements of doctoral programmes:

1.

pedagogical paradigms (specifically, self-directed learning and an emphasis upon criticality),

2.

pedagogical practices (specifically, understanding supervision styles and relationships and learning in a second language),

3.

academic environments (including the availability and accessibility of peer support and professional development opportunities).

The first months represented a critical time of transition and most international students seemed to want and expect considerable support and structured in-put during this period. Most studies concluded that there was a need for greater institutional support and supervisor training. The three nursing-specific papers were entirely consistent with these themes.The existing evidence is extremely heterogeneous and of variable methodological quality. In order to ensure that doctoral nursing students are getting a high quality and appropriate PhD experience, there is a need for more research specifically with this group. There is also a need to investigate the different stages of the doctoral process in nursing, including, for example, writing up and examination processes and post-doctoral career outcomes.