Stomach-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy with Combined Resection of the Celiac Artery: Radical Procedure for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Pancreatic Body

To enhance the resectability of cancer of the pancreatic body, a new surgical technique should be developed. Of 25 patients with cancer of the pancreatic body who underwent distal pancreatectomy with curative intent, seven with cancer invasion around the celiac artery underwent stomach-preserving distal pancreatectomy with combined resection of the celiac artery. This procedure secured arterial blood supply to the whole stomach and liver via the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery without arterial reconstruction. There was no postoperative mortality. One patient developed transient passage disturbance in the duodenum. Another one developed a minor pancreatic fistula. No patients had serious complications related to ischemia of the stomach or liver. The quality of life of the patients after surgery was well maintained, and planned adjuvant therapy was accomplished. Local recurrence was evident in only two patients. The median survival time of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy with (n = 7) or without (n = 18) resection of the celiac artery was 19 and 25 months, respectively. The overall survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.5300). The present study suggests that this surgical procedure is a rational approach to locally advanced pancreatic body cancer invading around the celiac artery. In view of the feasibility of this procedure, it can also be adopted for less advanced cancer of the pancreatic body to enhance local control and survival.     

Characteristics and management of splenic artery aneurysm in liver transplant candidates and recipients

The incidence of splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) in patients with cirrhosis ranges from 7 per cent to 17 per cent. SAA rupture after liver transplantation (LT) is reported to result in significant morbidity and mortality. We report our experience with SAA in LT candidates. From September 1995 through August 2002, 14 LT candidates were diagnosed with SAA. Twenty SAA occurred in 14 patients with an average diameter of 20 mm. Eleven patients qualified for LT; to date, seven have been transplanted. No intervention for SAA occurred prior to LT. Of the seven patients transplanted, four had SAA identified prior to LT. Three were treated at LT and are alive; the fourth had postoperative splenic artery embolization followed by splenectomy and expired on day 109 from duodenal ulcer complications. Three of seven patients had undiagnosed SAA at LT. One required emergency splenectomy for SAA rupture and is alive at 44 months. The remaining two received no treatment; one suffered a late septic death and one is alive at 15 months. No ruptures occurred in our pre-LT population, suggesting that definitive management can await LT. We recommend that all patients undergo four-phase computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) as part of the LT evaluation and that identified SAA be resected at transplantation.     

Treatment of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery after liver transplantation by percutaneous embolization and laparoscopic splenectomy

A high incidence of aneurysms of the splenic artery is found in liver transplant patients. Their significance is related to the risk of rupture, particularly in the postoperative period. Classically, their management is surgical, with ligation or resection of the aneurysmal arterial segment with or without splenectomy, depending on the location of the aneurysm. Recently, laparoscopy and percutaneous embolization have appeared as alternative treatment options. We describe here the treatment of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery in a patient who had undergone liver transplantation 10 years earlier. She was treated with percutaneous embolization of the aneurysms followed by laparoscopic splenectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic splenectomy following liver transplantation. It demonstrates that prior liver transplantation does not represent an absolute contraindication to minimally invasive surgery.     

Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

The pancreas is an uncommon site of metastases from renal cell carcinoma; however in the literature late pancreatic metastases are described. In this report a 74 years-old asymptomatic man was referred for evaluation of a mass in the distal portion of the pancreas, found on CT 4 years after right nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma. A distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed and histopathological analysis revealed to be a metastases from renal cell carcinoma. A postoperative pancreatic fistula was treated in a conservative way. The patient is alive and doing well 3 years after pancreatic surgery. This clinical report suggests that late pancreatic metastases are rare but not impossible and should be taken into consideration during a careful long-term follow-up for renal carcinoma. In addition, as it is also desumed by the Literature on survival, pancreatic metastases should be treated when possible with radical resection.     

Safe and quick distal pancreatectomy using a staggered six-row stapler

BACKGROUND: The use of stapling devices for distal pancreatectomy remains controversial, due to concerns about the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and hemorrhage. METHODS: We report herein the usefulness of the Endo SGIA stapler (Tyco Healthcare, Norwalk, CT) for distal pancreatectomy by placing 2 triple-staggered rows, ie, 6 rows of staples in the pancreatic stump. The pancreas was divided together with both the splenic artery and vein with Endo SGIA in 7 consecutive hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies. RESULTS: No patients developed clinically significant POPF or postoperative hemorrhage. None of the patients had complications that may have influenced the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The 6-row Endo SGIA stapler allows quick and effective prevention of POPF after distal pancreatectomy.     

联合腹腔干、肝总动脉切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术一例报道及文献复习

目的探讨联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术（改良Appleby手术）的可行性及优越性。方法回顾性分析我院开展联合腹腔干、肝总动脉切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术1例患者的临床资料,并进行相关文献复习。结果手术时间250min,术中出血量200ml,患者术后恢复良好,无出血、胰瘘、肝功能改变等手术并发症。结论联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术安全可行,有利于提高胰腺癌的手术切除率,一定程度上提高术后生活质量,延长生存时间。     

Removal of a Splenic Artery with a Large Aneurysm Adhered to the Pancreas Without Pancreatectomy: Report of a Case

Splenic artery aneurysms account for about 60% of all visceral aneurysms. The treatment include surgical procedures that sometimes require pancreatectomy. This report describes the case of a 64-year-old woman who had multiple splenic artery aneurysms with various visceral artery dilatations. Because there was no obvious cause for the splenic artery aneurysms and other arterial abnormalities, we suspected an anomaly of the connective tissue, which was subsequently confirmed by a postoperative histopathologic examination. Thus, we decided to remove the whole splenic artery, to eliminate the formation of any further aneurysms, as well as a splenectomy. During the operation, the largest splenic artery aneurysm was found to be adhered to the pancreas too tightly to ablate. It initially appeared that pancreatectomy would be necessary, but considering the associated risk of postoperative complications, we tried to avoid this. Thus, we cut open the aneurysm and excised it, leaving the anterior wall which was adhered to the pancreas. Our procedure proved the best way to preserve the pancreas and eliminate further aneurysmal formation. Received: July 12, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002     

Pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: risk factors analysis

Distal pancreatectomy represents the standard surgical procedure for the body and tail pancreatic tumors. This operation is associated with a high number of postoperative complications, especially pancreatic fistula. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the risk factors that predispose to the pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy and to present the proposed methods of prevention for this complication.     

Segmental occlusion of the pancreatic duct with prolamine to prevent fistula formation after distal pancreatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The authors used prolamine (Ethibloc, Ethicon GmBH, Norderstedt, Germany) for segmental obstruction of the pancreatic duct to prevent pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy combined with total gastrectomy for gastric malignancies. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although the initial clinical application of prolamine was pancreatic duct obstruction for patients with pancreatitis and undergoing pancreatic transplantation and pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer, there are no reports on prevention of pancreatic fistula formation after distal pancreatectomy. METHODS: Prolamine (0.2 mL) was injected into the distal segment of the main duct in the remaining pancreata of 51 patients. Small pancreatic ducts on the cut surface, from which prolamine extravasates, were closed by ligation, the main duct was ligated doubly, and the transected pancreatic margin was closed 15 minutes after phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride injection. RESULTS: No patient developed a pancreatic fistula or the complication of arterial bleeding due to prolonged infection. CONCLUSION: Segmental obstruction of the pancreatic duct with prolamine is useful for preventing pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy.     

Surgical management for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy

Although the mortality rate related to pancreatic surgery has been reduced recently, the postoperative morbidity is still high, because of various complications. Pancreatic fistula is one of the most common complications following distal pancreatectomy, and is generally hard to cure. Several surgical techniques and devices, such as the use of fibrin-glue sealing, stapler closure, an ultrasonic dissector, or an ultrasonically activated scalpel have been advocated to prevent pancreatic fistula. In the present review we provide an overview of several devices used for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy.     

Is Endovascular Therapy the Preferred Treatment for All Visceral Artery Aneurysms?

Endovascular intervention can provide an alternative method of treatment for visceral artery aneurysms. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with visceral artery aneurysms at a single university medical center from 1990 to 2003, focusing on the outcome of endovascular therapy. Sixty-five patients with visceral artery aneurysms were identified: 39 splenic (SAA), 13 renal, seven celiac, three superior mesenteric (SMA), and three hepatic. Eleven patients (16.9%) had symptoms attributable to their aneurysms, which included a total of four ruptures (6.2%): three splenic and one hepatic. Management consisted of 18 (27.7%) endovascular interventions, nine (13.9%) open surgical repairs, and 38 (58.5%) observations. Mean aneurysm diameter for patients treated expectantly was significantly less than for those who underwent intervention (p = 0.001). Endovascular interventions included 15 (83.3%) embolizations (11 SAA, three renal, one hepatic) and three (16.7%) stent grafts (two SMA, one renal). The initial technical success rate of the endovascular procedures was 94.4% (17/18). However, there were four patients (22.2%) with major endovascular procedure-related complications: one late recurrence requiring open surgical repair, two large symptomatic splenic infarcts, and one episode of severe pancreatitis. These four patients had distal splenic artery aneurysms at or adjacent to the splenic hilum. There were no endovascular procedure-related deaths. Reasons for performing open surgical repair included three SAA ruptures diagnosed at laparotomy and complex anatomy not amenable to endovascular intervention (six patients). One surgical patient had a postoperative small bowel obstruction treated nonoperatively; and there was one perioperative death in a patient operated on emergently for rupture. Endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysms is a reasonable alternative to open surgical repair in carefully selected patients. Individual anatomic considerations play an important role in determining the best treatment strategy if intervention is warranted. However, four of 11 (36.4%) patients with distal splenic artery aneurysms treated with endovascular embolization developed major complications. Based on our experience, traditional surgical treatment of SAA with repair or ligation and concomitant splenectomy when necessary may be preferred in these cases.Presented at the Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Anaheim, CA, June 4, 2004.     

Living-donor liver transplantation: results of a single center

In the absence of cadaveric donor liver transplantation, living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an alternative option for patients with end-stage liver disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of LDLT at a single medical center in Turkey. We retrospectively analyzed the results of 101 LDLTs in 99 recipients with end-stage liver disease. We transplanted 49 right liver lobes, 16 left lobes, and 36 hepatic segments II and III. Most donors (46%) were parents of the recipients. Seventeen recipients had concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Retransplantation was performed in two recipients. Ten hepatic arterial thromboses, 1 hepatic arterial bleeding, and 12 biliary leaks occurred in the early postoperative period. Most complications were treated with interventional techniques. Three hepatic vein stenoses, three portal vein stenoses, one hepatic arterial stenosis, and six biliary stenoses developed during the late postoperative period. Recipients with those complications were treated with interventional techniques. Mean follow-up was 14.2 +/- 10.9 months. During that time, no tumor recurrence was detected in any recipient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty-two recipients died during the follow-up. At this time, the remaining 77 recipients (77%) are alive, exhibiting good graft function. In general, complication rates are slightly higher after LDLT than after cadaveric liver transplantation. However, most complications can be treated with interventional techniques. LDLT continues to be a life-saving option in countries without satisfactory cadaveric donation rates.     

肝移植受者合并脾动脉瘤的临床特点与诊治经验

目的 总结肝移植受者合并脾动脉瘤的临床特点和诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2001年12月至2003年12月天津市第一中心医院移植外科实施的450例肝移植受者的临床资料、四期CT扫描及CT血管造影资料,并对临床及随访资料进行统计学分析.结果 450例受者中有20例(4.4%)被确诊合并脾动脉瘤,其中19例术前通过四期CT扫描确诊,1例为术中发现.肝移植术中未处理脾动脉瘤15例,其中2例于术后发生脾动脉瘤破裂出血,均予急诊手术(其中1例死于失血性休克).肝移植术中切除脾动脉瘤及脾脏5例,术后恢复顺利,移植肝功能良好.结论 肝硬化患者易合并发生脾动脉瘤,四期CT扫描能够准确诊断脾动脉瘤.肝移植术后早期易发生脾动脉瘤自发破裂,术中应同期予以处理.     

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??Diagnosis and treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas ZHANG Ren-chao*, MOU Yi-ping, JIANG Chao-hui, et al??*Department of General Surgery, the 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou 310013, China Corresponding author??MOU Yi-ping??E-mail??mouyiping@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas??SPT????Methods The clinical data of 13 cases of SPT admitted from January 1999 to October 2007 in the Department of General Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Medical College of Zhejiang University) and Department of General Surgery of the 117th Hospital of the PLA were analyzed retrospectively??Results All the cases were female with the mean age of 32 years old??SPT had no specific clinical symptoms??Abdominal pain and space occupying symptoms were the mostly symptoms??All the cases received operation??Operative procedure included pancreaticoduodenectomy in 6 cases, pancreatic neck segmentectomy in 1 case, distal pancreatectomy in 1 case, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy in 2 cases, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy in 2 cases , distal pancreatectomy, sigmoid colectomy and ethanol injection of liver nodulars in 1 case??Twelve cases recovered successfully after the operation. One case received distal pancreatectomy suffered from postoperative biliary and pancreatic fistula??Ten cases were followed up without tumor recurrence??Conclusion SPT is a special type of pancreatic tumor with low degree malignancy, affecting in young women predominantly??Aggressive surgery could get good prognosis??     

Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy Combined with Distal Gastrectomy for Distal Pancreatic Lesion and Gastric Cancer: Report of a Case

Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein was recently devised as a feasible operation. We report the case of a patient who underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein, combined with distal gastrectomy, for gastric cancer and a distal pancreatic lesion. Thus, unnecessary total gastrectomy was avoided. The operative blood loss and operative time were 630 ml and 465 min, respectively. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by a minor pancreatic fistula, which required daily irrigation and drainage, but she recovered and was discharged from hospital. This case report demonstrates that spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein combined with distal gastrectomy can be performable synchronously and is a feasible alternative to avoid unnecessary total gastrectomy.     

胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的防治

目的探讨胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的防治。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2014年5月间83例行胰体尾切除术病人的术前基本资料、术中操作及术后治疗等临床资料,对其中并发胰瘘的19例病人临床资料进行分析。结果行胰体尾切除术的83例病人中,术后并发胰瘘19例,发生率为22．9％,16例经保守治疗痊愈,有效率为84．2％,2例病人行放射治疗后治愈,1例死亡,死亡率为1．2％。单纯缝扎和切割闭合器处理胰腺断端后胰瘘发生率分别为21．6％和23．9％。结论胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的发生率仍然很高,术中正确处理胰腺断端及加强术后管理是预防胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的关键。胰瘘的治疗在于通畅引流、加强营养支持,并积极寻找新的治疗方法。     

胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 总结胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤的诊治体会。 方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2007年10月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院普外科及中国人民解放军117医院普外科诊治13例胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤（SPT）的临床资料。 结果 13例均无特异性临床表现,以腹痛、腹部肿块为主。13例均行手术治疗。行胰十二指肠切除术6例,胰颈节段切除术1例,胰体尾加脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除术1例,腹腔镜胰体尾加脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除加肝脏结节活检及肝脏结节无水酒精注射、乙状结肠及降结肠部分切除术1例。12例术后恢复顺利,1例胰体尾切除术后发生胆胰瘘。10 例随访均未发现肿瘤复发转移。 结论 SPT好发于年轻女性,属潜在恶性或低度恶性胰腺肿瘤,积极的手术治疗能获得良好预后。     

Hepatic arterial buffer response after pediatric living donor liver transplantation: report of a case

Background

Excessive portal pressure at an early stage after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) can damage sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes through shear stress leading to graft failure, or hepatic arterial complications due to low hepatic artery flow from a hepatic arterial buffer response. We encountered a case in which excessive portal vein flow was observed from an early stage after pediatric LDLT. The hepatic artery flow decreased due to a hepatic arterial buffer response.

Case report

A 6-month-old boy with biliary atresia showed excessive portal vein flow early after LDLT with a decreasing hepatic artery flow without anastomotic stenosis from postoperative day 3. The PV flow gradually exhibited a decrease at approximately postoperative day 8 and, similtaneously, hepatic artery flow exhibited improvement.

Conclusion

Because excessive portal pressure after LDLT is reversible, it has been suggested that it may be possible to prevent the progress of hepatic arterial complications if temporary portal pressure modulation can be performed for cases among the high-risk group for hepatic arterial complications.     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断与治疗：附22 例报告

目的：总结胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗经验。 方法：回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年12月收治的22例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤患者的临床资料。 结果：22例中男4例,女18例;年龄16~74（平均47.0）岁。患者多以腹痛腹胀等非特异性症状就诊,部分无症状。超声诊断灵敏度为86.3%（19/22）,CT诊断灵敏度为93.8%（15/16）,MRI诊断灵敏度为100%（12/12）。患者均接受手术治疗及病理检查证实,其中5例行胰十二指肠切除术,1例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,2例行胰腺中段切除术,3例行胰体尾切除术,5例行胰体尾及脾切除术,2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾及脾切除术,4例行胰腺肿瘤局部剜除术。全组无围手术期死亡,术后5例发生胰瘘,1例发生胰腺残端出血,1例发生胃排空延迟,均经保守治疗后好转出院。随访10个月至6年,均未发现肿瘤复发。 结论：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤多见于中老年女性,超声、CT及MRI诊断价值高,手术是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Rare spontaneous remission of hepatic artery aneurysm following ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation: a case report

A 60-year-old male patient with an unknown cause for cirrhosis and a hepatoma underwent an ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from his son. The transplanted graft was his son's right lobe. For ABO incompatible transplantation, splenectomy was performed for desensitization. A catheter was inserted into the recipient's right hepatic artery for subsequent local immunosuppression. On the 15th postoperative day, a fusiform 15 × 10 mm aneurysm was observed in the graft right hepatic artery using ultrasonography and hepatic arteriography. At that time, the patient was also diagnosed to have an intraperitoneal abscess at the bottom of his left diaphragm. Administering antibiotics, we tried to embolize the aneurysm because of fear of rupture, but this manever failed because it was difficult to insert the wire in to the aneurysm to produce a stenosis around its proximal neck. However, because the aneurysm was not detectable on the 37th postoperative day, it was assumed to have embolized spontaneously. This relatively rare case revealed a hepatic artery aneurysm that spontaneously regressed after ABO incompatible LDLT.