Incidence and Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma Due to Road Traffic Accidents: A Prospective Study

Background

The incidence and causes of road traffic accidents (RTAs) vary with geographical location, socioeconomic status, religion and era. The etiological factors and associated injury patterns may be important in planning for preventive measures and treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the etiological factors, patterns and the frequency of maxillofacial injuries due to RTAs.

Materials and Methods

This prospective study was conducted on 350 patients with facial trauma due to RTAs. Records related to age, sex, the cause of the RTA, the vehicle type, time to reach the hospital, the use of seat belts, helmets, and other safety devices were evaluated and reviewed.

Results

Two-wheelers were the most involved (53.71 %) vehicle type and negligence of traffic rules (24 %) was the most common etiological factor. Male to female ratio was 6.3:1. The age group of 21–50 (68.85 %) years was mostly affected. The nasal bone (29.14 %) was most often the site of fracture followed by mandible (28.0 %). The rate of accident was higher during 1000–1400 hours (23.14 %) period and during weekends (38.0 %). Majority (58.57 %) of victims reached the hospital within 6 h of accident.

Conclusion

The low utilization of safety devices like seat belts and helmets as well as speeding, negligence of traffic rules and reckless driving were identified as etiological factors.     

Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: As Applied to Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Practice

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to undertake a systematic review of literature on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in oral and maxillofacial online data-bases and discuss the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines and its applications in maxillofacial clinical practice.

Materials and Methods

The available literature in oral and maxillofacial online databases was searched. The only inclusion criterion was to review published reports, abstracts and retrospective studies with emphasis on the treatment of clinical cases with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections in adults and children was reviewed and included in the study.

Results

Out of 18 articles found with the search terms “Methicillin-resistant S. aureus” and “MRSA” in the online databases 12 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. The relevant data was extracted and tabulated.

Conclusions

Conclusions were drawn and discussed based on the reviewed maxillofacial literature and the Guidelines by the IDSA.     

平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤、血管畸形的系统评价

目的 对平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部、头颈部血管瘤和血管畸形的疗效和安全性进行客观公正的评价。方法 计算机及人工检索中文文献。将纳入文献报道的患者性别，年龄范围，血管瘤类型、部位、大小和治疗效果等进行合并，计算各种类型血管瘤的疗效。结果 纳入的31篇文献全部为l临床回顾性研究，非随机、非对照。平阳霉素对不同类型血管瘤的治愈率依次为：获得性血管瘤(1岁后发现的血管瘤，实际为血管畸形)100％，海绵状血管瘤72．6％。混合型血管瘤65．0％，毛细血管瘤64．6％(草莓状血管瘤66．0％)，脉管瘤60％。纤维性血管瘤21．4％。葡萄酒色斑4．8％．对蔓状血管瘤无效。平阳霉素的疗效优于鱼肝油酸钠。结论 目前资料显示，平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗血管瘤和血管畸形有一定疗效。应根据血管瘤和血管畸形的最新分类。重新进行前瞻性随机对照试验。