提高大鼠原位肝移植成功率的技术细节及围手术期处理

目的探讨提高大鼠原位肝移植(rat orthotopic liver transplantation,ROLT)成功率的相关技术细节及围手术期处理的正确方法。方法以Kamada建立的"双袖套"法为基础,通过反复练习,逐步改进麻醉、肝上下腔静脉吻合、供肝灌洗、供肝冷保存、术后补液、动物饲养等方法。结果完成ROLT达270余例,建模的学习曲线非常陡峭,分作探索期、突破期、成熟期,手术成功率分别为0%、71.1%、94.5%,后期达到90%以上的成功率。肝上下腔静脉的吻合是大鼠原位肝移植建模过程中最为关键的步骤和难点。结论通过对显微外科技术细节的精益求精的训练及细致的围手术期处理,才能提高ROLT手术成功率和术后存活时间。     

二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植的手术方法探讨

目的:探讨二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植术中的处理方法。方法:术中尾静脉建立输液通路,采用自制拉钩牵开腹壁,暴露手术野,单人手术放大镜下操作,二袖套法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。结果:32只大鼠原位肝移植手术成功率为 100%,平均无肝期为(22. 48 ± 2．03)min,受体总手术时间为(45. 00 ± 3. 21)min,l周生存率84. 38%。结论:术中建立输液通路,良好的手术野暴露有助于缩短受体无肝期及总手术时间和提高受体生存率。     

大鼠肝移植模型建立的经验

目的:探讨大鼠肝移植模型稳定建立的手术技巧及其经验总结。方法:通过改良Kamada"二袖套"法,对两组(预实验组60对,实验组60对)SD大鼠施行原位肝移植,以术后老鼠存活24 h为大鼠建模成功标准。结果:预实验组成功建立肝大鼠肝移植模型10只,3 d成活率90%,7 d成活率70%。实验组成功建立肝大鼠肝移植模型50只,3 d成活率100%,7 d成活率90%。结论:大鼠肝移植模型的稳定建立难点在于肝上上腔静脉的吻合,关键在于无肝期的缩短。     

大鼠原位肝移植手术技巧探讨

目的:探讨建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型的外科技巧. 方法:在Kamada二袖套法基础上,着重对供肝分离、灌注、肝上下腔静脉切取,肝上下腔静脉吻合,袖套和胆道处理等手术方法作了进一步改进. 结果:共建立40例大鼠原位肝移植模型,手术成功率80%,7d存活率达70%. 结论:在娴熟细致的外科操作基础上进一步缩短无肝期,可顺利完成大鼠肝移植模型的建立.     

改良二袖套管法大鼠原位肝移植动物模型150例体会

目的用改良二袖套法建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植动物模型。方法采用改良的二袖套法施行大鼠原位肝移植动物实验150例,观察术后并发症及存活率。结果受体平均无肝期为13分钟,受体手术时间45分钟,24小时存活率97％,两周存活率为90％。结论改良二袖套管法大鼠原位肝移植术操作简便,具有无肝期短,手术成功率高,重复性好,提高了大鼠肝移植动物模型的稳定性。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型建立方法的若干问题探讨

目的探讨建立大鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改进的二袖套法行100例Lewis→BN大鼠原位肝移植,术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果供体手术时间(30.9±5.0)min,供肝修整时间(10.0±3.0)min,受体手术时间(50.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(23.0±2.5)min。手术成功率为92%(术后存活2 d以上),1周存活率为87%,1个月存活率为84%。结论通过提高手术技巧,熟悉各种并发症的原因和预防处理措施,可以减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,延长大鼠术后存活时间。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的技术改进

目的:探讨大鼠原位肝移植模型的技术改进.方法:选取体质量相近的SD大鼠作为供受体,分别用Kamada"二袖套法"和改良"二袖套法"(改良的方法包括:提高肝上下腔静脉的吻合质量、改进门静脉和肝下下腔静脉套管的吻合及胆总管的重建等)建立大鼠原位肝移植模型,比较两组在总的手术时间﹑无肝期时间﹑受体手术时间以及手术成功率上的差异.结果:两组手术成功率分别是78.9%(71/90)和91.7%(55/60)(P＜0.05),而两组在总的手术时间﹑无肝期时间﹑受体手术时间上无统计学差异.结论:改良的大鼠原位肝移植模型是一种简单﹑易行﹑稳定的肝移植研究模型.     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立和术式改进

目的探讨双袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型及术式改进.方法在Kamada等的袖套法大鼠肝移植模型的基础上改进,施行原位肝移植95例,建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型.结果供体手术时间(33.1±2.4)min,受体手术时间(45.7±2.1)min,无肝期(15.9±1.9)min.手术死亡9例,手术成功率90.5%,其中出血5例,空气栓塞2例,血管扭曲2例.术后1周存活率87.2%,术后1周内死亡的主要原因:术后胆漏和腹腔感染各1例,肝上下腔静脉狭窄2例和肝下下腔静脉血栓1例、胆管梗阻和袖套脱落出血各3例.结论改进的大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,手术成功率高,为肝移植提供理想的研究手段.高质量完成手术每一步骤,缩短无肝期是手术成功的关键.     

大鼠原位全肝移植术的手术技巧

目的：探讨用二袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位全肝移植模型的手术技巧。方法：用二袖套法进行了50例原位大鼠全肝移植术。结果：受体无肝期时间平均为17min，术后24h存活率为90％，1周存活率为50％。结论：自制血管袖套和取肝修肝方法的改进，有利于建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧探讨

目的:探讨建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧。方法:采用二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植,供体经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注,肝上下腔静脉采用手缝合法进行吻合;门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合;胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合。结果:大鼠原位肝移植52例,手术成功45例(86.5%),1周内存活43例(82.7%),1个月内存活36例(69.2%),供体手术时间(30.6±4.0)min,受体手术时间(46.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(20.0±2.5)min。结论:大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,可为肝移植提供理想的研究手段;良好的肝脏灌注,改进的肝上下腔静脉吻合法可以缩短无肝期,提高大鼠肝移植的生存率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.