十二指肠球部多发隆起病变与幽门螺杆菌和胃上皮化生的关系

目的探讨内镜下十二指肠球部多发隆起病变与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染和胃上皮化生等组织学异常关系.方法连续调查86例经胃镜检查证实十二指肠球部多发隆起病变患者,并以40例球部基本正常患者作为对照.病变组Hp阳性患者接受三联根除治疗（奥美拉唑20mg、克拉霉素250mg、甲硝唑400mg,每天2次）,疗程7 d,停药后随访6个月后复查胃镜;病变组Hp阴性者接受奥美拉唑20 mg,每天1次治疗,疗程4～6个月,停药后2周复查胃镜.比较2次胃镜检查结果,包括胃镜下隆起病变程度及球部黏膜胃上皮化生等组织学异常,分析Hp感染与上述胃镜下表现及组织学异常关系.结果对照组患者组织学仅部分发现轻度慢性炎症,未发现球部Hp感染.病变组患者Hp检出率为58.1%,胃上皮化生检出率为57.0%.Hp阳性与Hp阴性患者胃镜下隆起病变程度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但胃上皮化生检出率更高,程度更严重（P＜0.05）.76例患者复查胃镜,根除Hp或奥美拉唑治疗对Hp阳性或阴性患者球部多发隆起病变无明显作用,但根除Hp后6个月,53.6%（15/28）患者胃上皮化生消失,61.0%（25/41）患者绒毛萎缩恢复正常,所有患者淋巴滤泡完全消失（26/26）,杯状细胞减少完全恢复（25/25）,同时炎症和活动性显著减轻（P值均＜0.01）.奥美拉唑疗效不显著.结论十二指肠球部多发隆起病变患者半数以上有Hp感染.Hp感染与隆起病变伴随组织学炎症密切相关,而与其内镜下表现及严重程度无关.根除Hp可使炎症显著减轻,胃上皮化生范围缩小或消退.     

枫蓼肠胃康胶囊联合多潘立酮治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的临床研究

[目的]探讨枫蓼肠胃康胶囊联合多潘立酮治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-12水平的调节作用。[方法]筛选本院收治慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者102例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,2组均为51例。2组均采取三联疗法治疗,持续2周。对照组口服多潘立酮片,10mg/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服枫蓼肠胃康胶囊,2粒/次,3次/d。2组患者连续治疗3个月。比较2组胃黏膜组织病理评分、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)转阴情况及临床疗效。检测2组血清TNF-α和IL-12水平。[结果]治疗后,治疗组患者黏膜炎症、炎症活动度、腺体减少、肠上皮化生评分明显少于对照组(P0.01)。治疗组患者Hp转阴率为88.24%,显著高于对照组为68.63%(P0.05)。治疗组的总有效率为92.16%,显著高于对照组为74.51%(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组血清TNF-α和IL-12水平明显少于对照组(P0.01)。[结论]在常规干预基础上,枫蓼肠胃康胶囊联合多潘立酮治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生可促进症状体征改善,提高Hp转阴率和临床疗效,下调患者血清TNF-α和IL-12水平可能与其疗效有关。     

肿节风软胶囊治疗隆起糜烂性胃炎300例

[目的]观察肿节风软胶囊治疗隆起糜烂性胃炎的疗效。[方法]入选糜烂性胃炎患者600例,随机分为治疗组(300例)和对照组(300例);治疗组服用肿节风软胶囊,对照组给予奥美拉唑治疗;2组均以6周为1个疗程,评价2组治疗后效果。[结果]治疗组总有效率94.0%,对照组总有效率84.0%;经统计学分析,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]肿节风软胶囊是治疗隆起糜烂性胃炎的有效药物。     

内镜窄带成像技术对疣状胃炎胃小凹分类及其临床病理价值探讨

疣状胃炎又称胃黏膜隆起性糜烂、隆起糜烂性胃炎,是一种具有特殊形态特征的胃黏膜病变,其临床表现无特征性,主要依靠胃镜诊断,目前病因未明,在病理学上存在一定比例的肠上皮化生和异型增生,部分有恶变可能.     

内镜窄带成像技术对疣状胃炎胃小凹分类及其临床病理价值探讨

疣状胃炎又称胃黏膜隆起性糜烂、隆起糜烂性胃炎,是一种具有特殊形态特征的胃黏膜病变,其临床表现无特征性,主要依靠胃镜诊断,目前病因未明,在病理学上存在一定比例的肠上皮化生和异型增生,部分有恶变可能.     

经内镜氩离子凝固术治疗隆起糜烂性胃炎的价值及安全性

目的探讨经内镜氩离子凝固术(APC)治疗隆起糜烂性胃炎(EGP)的价值及安全性。方法选取100例EGP患者分为观察组与对照各50例,观察组行经内镜下APC治疗,术后合并幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染者服用兰索拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素治疗7 d,无H.pylori感染者口服兰索拉唑治疗,治疗8周后患者复查胃镜评价疗效。结果手术过程顺利,未发生灼伤、穿孔等严重并发症;观察组患者症状改善明显优于对照组(P0.05),观察组治疗总有效率(98.00%)明显高于对照组(84.00%)(P0.05),观察组患者内镜下观察病灶改善明显优于对照组(P0.05),观察组治疗总有效率(100%)明显高于对照组(66.00%)(P0.05),观察组隆起糜烂病灶减少率(91.14%)高于对照组(42.27%)(P0.05),H.pylori阳性患者治疗转阴率为81.58%,对照组为74.29%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经内镜APC治疗EGP疗效确切,明显高于单纯药物治疗,手术安全性高,值得临床推广。     

幽门螺杆菌对肠化生胃黏膜Cdx2和肿瘤坏死因子-α蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌对慢性浅表性胃炎伴肠化生胃黏膜尾型同源异型核基因(Cdx)2和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α蛋白表达的影响。方法选择30例慢性浅表性胃炎、30例轻度肠化生,35例中度肠化生和35例重度肠化生患者进行幽门螺杆菌(Hp)检查,并检测各组在不同Hp感染情况、Hp阳性Hp根除前后Cdx2和TNF-α蛋白的表达情况。结果 Cdx2、TNF-α蛋白在慢性浅表性胃炎组(胃炎组)、轻、中、重度肠化生组的表达阳性率逐渐升高,且Cdx2表达在不同组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);TNF-α表达在胃炎组及不同程度肠上皮化生组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),随着肠化生加重,Hp感染率呈增加趋势,不同Hp感染情况时各组内Cdx2表达差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),TNF-α表达差异均有统计学意义(P0.05); Hp阳性经Hp根除后Cdx2阳性表达率下降,但仅有轻度肠化生组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Hp阳性经Hp根除后TNF-α蛋白表达率下降,轻度肠化生组、中度肠化生组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),重度肠化生组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论监测Cdx2、TNF-α蛋白表达水平有助于判断肠上皮化生程度,胃黏膜轻度肠化生根除Hp后可逆转,中度肠化生胃黏膜根除Hp后胃黏膜炎症可减退。     

唾液幽门螺杆菌抗原检测与慢性胃炎活动性及癌前病变关系的研究

目的评价唾液幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,Hp)抗原与慢性胃炎活动性以及胃黏膜癌前病变肠上皮化生与不典型增生的相关性。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),对2004年6月至2005年6月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院消化内科246例接受胃镜检查患者的唾液标本进行幽门螺杆菌抗原检测,分别比较不同胃病患者唾液中Hp抗原的阳性检出率。结果慢性活动性胃炎组唾液中Hp抗原阳性检出率为74.29%(26/35),明显高于慢性非活动性胃炎组46.92%(99/211)(P<0.05)。慢性胃炎组患者唾液中Hp抗原的阳性检出率为45.98%(80/174),慢性胃炎伴轻度肠上皮化生(肠化)组唾液中Hp抗原阳性检出率为52.63%(20/38),慢性胃炎伴中重度肠化组唾液中Hp抗原阳性检出率为68.18%(15/22),慢性胃炎伴不典型增生组唾液中Hp抗原阳性检出率为83.33%(10/12),结果显示,慢性胃炎伴中重度肠化或不典型增生组与慢性胃炎组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论唾液中存在高Hp检出率现象,口腔可能为Hp的重要寄居地,口腔内Hp感染程度与胃炎活动程度及部分胃黏膜癌前病变有关,慢性活动性胃炎或伴中重度肠化或不典型增生患者口腔内Hp检出率明显增高,口腔内Hp是否需行根除治疗,值得今后进一步研究探讨。     

氩离子凝固术联合药物治疗成熟型疣状胃炎临床分析

目的探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术(APC)联合药物治疗成熟型疣状胃炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法 49例成熟型疣状胃炎患者分为对照组24例(药物治疗组)、治疗组25例(APC+药物治疗组)。治疗4周后复查胃镜及随访,评价其疗效。结果治疗组25例经"APC+药物"治疗后临床疗效优于对照组单纯药物治疗,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 APC治疗成熟型疣状胃炎操作简便、安全性高、且其联合药物治疗效果优于单纯药物治疗。     

康复新液联合埃索美拉唑治疗慢性糜烂性胃炎合并胃黏膜隆起胃镜切除98例临床观察

[目的]探讨康复新液联合埃索美拉唑治疗慢性糜烂性胃炎合并胃黏膜隆起胃镜下电切术后的临床治疗效果。[方法]回顾性分析我院收治98例慢性糜烂性胃炎合并胃黏膜隆起胃镜下电切术后患者,随机分2组,治疗组50例,采用康复新液联合埃索美拉唑治疗;对照组48例,采用埃索美拉唑医治,对照2组疗效。[结果]根据患者病情分析,治疗组总有效率为92.00%;对照组总有效率为81.25%;治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]康复新液能有效修复胃黏膜,能快速减缓症状,增进糜烂及胃黏膜隆起电切术后人工溃疡面的愈合,避免复发,是医治慢性糜烂性胃炎合并胃黏膜隆起电切术后的有效药物,值得在临床中普遍推行。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。