社区慢性病管理的2型糖尿病患者牙周状况与口腔保健知识调查

目的通过对2型糖尿病患者的牙周状况和口腔保健知识的调查,分析加强对糖尿病患者进行口腔健康教育的重要性。方法随机选择在社区卫生服务中心接受慢性病管理的2型糖尿病患者84例,检查牙周指标、糖化血红蛋白及进行口腔保健知识问卷调查。结果牙周病患者占全部受检者的62%;糖尿病患者的口腔卫生保健知识调查多项问题肯定回答比例低于50%。结论对糖尿病患者的健康教育除了控制好糖代谢水平,预防多种并发症,还应加强患者对牙周病防治知识的认识和口腔保健知识水平,才能有利于减少糖尿病患者合并牙周病变的发生、发展。     

阳泉市矿区中小学教师口腔健康行为及就诊行为调查分析

目的：了解中小学教师的口腔健康行为及就诊行为，为今后对教师开展口腔健康教育及诊疗服务提供参考。方法对参加2013年健康体检的阳泉市矿区2820名中小学教师的口腔牙周状况进行调查统计，并采用随机问卷调查的方法进行抽样调查，调查的内容为口腔健康行为及就诊行为。结果参加体检的2820名教师，牙周健康率和牙石检出率分别为14.5%和84.8%，刷牙方法正确率为33.5%，曾经洗过牙的占16.3%；未接受过口腔健康教育的比例66.8%，最近3年未看过口腔门诊的占65.5%，有疼痛不适就诊的占70.5%，定期口腔检查和洁治的占9.5%，畏惧看牙病的占72.5%。结论中小学教师口腔健康行为及主动接受口腔卫生服务比例较低，应加强口腔健康教育，定期接受口腔卫生服务。     

山东省老年人牙周健康状况及认知情况调查分析

目的 了解山东省老年人牙周健康状况及牙周保健知识的认知水平,探讨其对牙周健康的影响,寻求有效的临床干预及保健指导措施,减少老年人牙周炎发病率.方法 对648名60岁以上老年人通过调查问卷获得被调查者的一般情况、日常口腔保健行为及家族牙周病和糖尿病史、牙周保健知识认知水平数据；通过牙周检查表记录其牙周健康状况,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,使用SPSS17.0软件,对数据进行统计学分析.结果 性别、学历、吸烟、刷牙以及家族糖尿病史与牙周炎有关系密切；被调查人群牙周保健知识认知水平存在不足.结论 政府部门以及相关医疗机构应当逐步建立健全社会口腔卫生保健体系,加强宣传教育,强化口腔保健知识与行为,使患者充分认识到自我口腔保健对牙周病治疗的必要性,明确自身在疾病治疗中的主导地位,减少老年群体的牙周炎发生率.     

健康教育对408例牙周病病人的效果评价

目的:探讨对牙周病病人进行健康教育的效果。方法:对我科2007-06~2008-12间口内治疗的牙周病病人408例随机分为两组,对照组204人,对病人不进行专业的口腔牙周卫生教育指导;观察组204人,对病人进行专业口腔牙周卫生教育指导发放评估表,并进行健康教育,教育内容包括:牙周病成因如局部因素:牙石、食物嵌塞、颌创伤、局部解剖因素、不良习惯、不良修复体;一些全身促进因素,如内分泌失调、吸烟、精神压力、免疫缺陷、遗传:因素、营养不良等。牙周病的预防。口腔卫生健康教育如:刷牙、牙线、漱口。通过提问法和谈话法评价病人对牙周健康知识掌握情况。结果:健康教育前后病人的病因基本知识和防病知识知晓率显著提高,P<0.01,有显著性差异,牙周状况明显好转。结论:在对牙周病人给予洁治、刮治及药物治疗的同时进行有效的口腔卫生健康教育,使病人在心理、身体两方面都能处于较好状态,积极配合治疗,改善了护患关系,做到病人和医务人员相配合,个人口腔保健和定期口腔检查相结合,这才是维护牙周组织健康最可靠的保证。     

椅旁宣教对牙周炎患者口腔健康知晓度的作用

目的:分析椅旁口腔教育对牙周病患者口腔卫生知晓性的影响。方法:选取2012年5月-2015年5月本院牙周科患者470例,治疗前问卷调查患者的基本情况、对牙周病的认识、口腔卫生习惯等,初诊与每次复诊均进行口腔卫生知识教育,末次复诊时重新进行问卷评估。结果:301例完成治疗后的最终评估,其初评值为(19.10±2.82)分,经牙周治疗及多次口腔卫生宣教后的复评分显著提高至(23.68±2.82)分,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。不同年龄段患者间问卷3部分初评与复评结果比较,差异无明显统计学意义;但各年龄段复评较初评比较有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)结论:椅旁口腔教育可提高牙周病患者对口腔卫生的重视程度。     

某武警部队406人口腔卫生行为与观念调查报告

为准确了解武警部队人员口腔健康观念与行为基本情况,作为武警部队开展口腔卫生勤务工作试点的基线资料,我们于１９９７年６月对某武警部队口腔健康观念与行为的基本情况进行调查,现将调查结果报告如下。对象与方法口腔健康观念与行为状况调查采用封闭式选择试题问卷,软垢指数调查采用世界卫生组织口腔健康调查基本方法规定的检查标准。一、口腔健康观念调查１．刷牙目的：①预防龋病和牙周疾病;②清爽舒适。２．口腔科就诊时间选择：①牙疼的时候;②平常应该定期检查牙齿。３．自我口腔疾病的认知：①现患有口腔疾病;②不患有口腔疾…     

1350名大学生刷牙方法和牙周健康状况调查分析

本文作者于2011年调查了本校在校的1 350名大学生刷牙方法和牙周健康状况,旨在分析大学生口腔卫生习惯与牙周健康之间的关系. 1资料与方法 1.1研究对象 以吉林大学南湖校区在校1 350名大学生作为研究对象,其中男性770名,女性580名,年龄17～25岁.1.2方法 采用问卷方式调查学生口腔卫生习惯;当场发放调查问卷,填完立即收回.牙周健康调查按我国牙周病调查标准,用标准口镜、牙科镊子与牙周探针在自然光线下由口腔科医师进行检查记录结果.     

石家庄市中学生牙周健康情况调查分析

据调查,青少年龋病患病率很高,但大多数能得到及时治疗;而同样危害口腔健康的牙周病却未被公众所认识,甚至于对青少年牙周病还十分陌生。青少年正处于生长发育的关键时期,也是应建立良好的生活方式及口腔卫生习惯的关键时期,目前大多数青少年的口腔卫生状况不容乐观,需要口腔医务工作者进行牙周健康的宣教,加大对该人群的牙龈健康的关注。基于此,我们对石家庄市中学生的牙周健康状况进行调查,探讨影响青少年牙周健康的相关因素,旨在为预防青少年牙周病提供更多的理论依据。     

成都市高中生口腔卫生状况及保健知识调查分析

目的：对成都市1667名高考学生牙周状况与口腔健康知识及行为进行调查，分析目前中学生口腔卫生状况及健康保健知识。为提高中学生口腔预防保健提供理论依据，方法：采用自行设计口腔健康调查表对1667名高考学生牙周状况与口腔健康知识及行为进行问卷调查和专科检查。结果：口腔情况：学生中20．6％有刷牙出血等。口腔保健：学生中28．43％刷牙每天2次及以上，20．7％每次刷牙3分钟及以上；82.8％愿意接受口腔卫生教育，仅17．7％学校有开展口腔卫生教育。牙周状况：学生中牙龈指数1．134，简化牙石指数0．947，简化软垢指数1．25。结论：目前我市高中生牙龈炎流行程度为中度，口腔卫生知识及习惯较差。学校是口腔卫生教育的重要场所，加强学校口腔卫生健康教育有助于培养学生口腔卫生观念从而提高口腔健康程度。     

贵州省65～74岁老年人牙周情况调查分析

目的:了解全省城乡65～74岁人群的牙周状况和影响因素。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对我省65～74岁老年人进行牙周情况的抽样调查。结果:贵州省65～74岁老年人牙龈出血、牙石、牙周袋及牙周附着丧失检出率高,牙龈出血检出率乡镇高于城市(P<0.05);牙周袋、牙周附着丧失检出率城乡及男女之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。关于吸烟习惯的调查显示,男性每天吸烟人数所占比例较高,而女性中大部分人不吸烟;吸烟量的调查中,每天吸烟支数达11～20支的人数所占比例最高,为38.66%。结论:老年人牙周疾病患病率高,农村地区口腔卫生状况较差,男性吸烟对牙周有影响;促进口腔健康教育,特别是农村地区的口腔健康教育,纠正不正确的旧观念和不良口腔卫生习惯,加大吸烟对牙周有害的宣传,定期口腔检查,有助于控制牙周病的流行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.