血管内窥镜评价急性心肌梗塞患者的介入治疗

目的：探讨介入治疗后出现的血栓形态与介入治疗方法的关系。　　方法：应用血管内窥镜观察经介入治疗后３１ 例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者经皮冠状动脉腔内再通术（ＰＴＣＲ）组１４例,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）组１０ 例,支架置入组１５ 例（其中８例行ＰＴＣＡ后支架置入）冠状动脉血栓形态。　　结果：在支架置入组均为附壁血栓,无一例是管腔内血栓;而在ＰＴＣＲ组和ＰＴＣＡ组中管腔内血栓分别占８６％ 和９０％ ,比支架置入组管腔内血栓有意义地增多（Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。　　结论：３种ＡＭＩ介入治疗中,支架植入术在降低急性冠状动脉闭塞及再狭窄等并发症的发生率方面,优于ＰＴＣＲ和ＰＴＣＡ。     

小直径冠状动脉支架术--理想的器械是什么?

目前 ,冠状动脉内支架术已成为冠心病介入治疗的主要手段之一 ,支架植入术的适应证已从经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)后靶血管急性闭塞和频临闭塞拓展到ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄的防治领域 ,而且支架植入后亦可取得更加理想的冠脉影像学结果。临床实践证明冠脉内支架术已成为一种安全而有效的手段 ,早期支架术后血栓形成的并发症愈来愈少 ,临床上靶病变需要再次介入治疗的发生率也降低至 15 %以下 ,支架植入的禁忌证也逐渐减少 ,随着根据不同病变血管所设计的支架种类及型号的增多 ,更加便于临床使用 ,但是 ,由于仍把冠状动脉小血管视为支架…     

冠脉内支架在复杂冠脉病变治疗中的应用

冠脉内支架在复杂冠脉病变治疗中的应用山东省千佛山医院（２５００１４）邱洁＊崔连群近年来，冠脉内支架作为经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）失败后的补救措施已开始应用于临床。对不宜行ＰＴＣＡ的复杂冠脉病变，支架植入是良好的介入治疗方法。现将冠脉内支架植入术治...     

PTCA术后低分子肝素早期抗凝疗效观察

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）及支架植入术后最重要的并发症是急性和亚急性血栓形成，从而导致急性血栓闭塞。因此，术后早期抗凝治疗非常重要。我们对４１例ＰＴＣＡ和支架植入术后患者分别用低分子肝素（ＬＭＷＨ）及普通肝素（ＳＨ）进行早期抗凝治疗，以探讨ＬＭＷＨ在ＰＴＣＡ及支架术后早期抗凝的作用。１　对象与方法１．１　对象１９９７年３月～１９９８年８月在本院成功地接受ＰＴＣＡ及冠状动脉内支架植入术的冠心病患者共４１例，Ａ组２０例，Ｂ组２１例；两组均除外手术过程中因技术因素造成急性血栓形成、血管闭塞、腹…     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床作用

本文报道了３１例冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变在经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等的情况下行冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ）,均获成功。术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及ＣＡＳＩ后亚急性血栓形成。随访２６例,１例术后１３天发生猝死,２例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄改善,余２３例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常。结果表明,冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行ＣＡＳＩ是解除ＰＴＣＡ急性并发症的安全有效的可行方法,亦有助于ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄的防治。     

血管内超声成像评价经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的疗效

为进一步评价血管内超声（ＩＶＵＳ）在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中的作用，本研究应用ＩＶＵＳ技术观察了８例冠心病患者ＰＴＣＡ前后的病变管腔内径、面积、斑块面积及斑块厚度，并对冠状动脉内支架植入术的疗效进行了评价。ＩＶＵＳ显示：ＰＴＣＡ后病变管腔内径、面积均较术前有所增加（Ｐ＜０．００１）；斑块面积在ＰＴＣＡ前后无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＩＶＵＳ技术可区别病变管腔内的斑块及钙化程度，并准确识别夹层的范围，它所提供的血管成形术结果有助于及时发现并发症，这一技术还可为复杂冠状动脉病变选择合理介入治疗方式及判定是否需要进一步介入治疗提供帮助。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术20例初步报告

经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）已被公认为治疗冠心病的有效方法之一，但术中和术后易发生难以预测的急性血管闭塞致心肌梗塞或猝死等重大并发症，术后再狭窄率高。冠状动脉内支架植入术（Ｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ）可明显减少ＰＴＣＡ的并发症和术后再狭窄。本文报告２...     

小直径冠状动脉内支架与球囊成形术后再狭窄的对比研究

冠状动脉支架已被证实在直径 >3 0ｍｍ的冠状动脉血管内可降低再狭窄的发生率 ,但直径 <3 0ｍｍ的冠状动脉内支架其价值尚有争议。本研究旨在小冠状动脉血管内支架或球囊血管成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)对晚期再狭窄的作用。一、资料与方法回顾性分析我院 1993年 1月至1998年 5月行ＰＴＣＡ或支架术成功 ,靶血管直径 <3 0ｍｍ ,并于术后 6个月有冠状动脉造影随访结果的 6 9例患者 (共77支血管 )的临床和血管造影资料。分为支架组 2 6例 2 9支血管 ,共置入 31个支架 ,平均每支血管置入 1 0 7个支架 ,占同期小冠状动脉支架病例的 34 7% ;ＰＴＣＡ组 43…     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

冠状动脉介入治疗术后并发症监护体会

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)及支架植入术是目前治疗冠状动脉狭窄的有效方法 ,此项技术具有手术创伤小、病人痛苦少、恢复快、效果可靠等优点。但ＰＴＣＡ作为一项介入性治疗方法 ,术后有可能出现一些并发症 ,但可通过术后监护 ,及时发现和处理有关并发症 ,既提高了手术成功率 ,又获得较满意的临床效果 ,现将监护体会报告如下 :一、临床资料 :我科于 1996年 12月至 2 0 0 1年 12月行ＰＴＣＡ +支架植入术患者 5 0例 ,其中男 38例 ,年龄 36岁～ 82岁 ,女 12例 ,年龄 5 3岁～ 76岁。以上病人中植入 1个支架者 30例 ,2个支架者 15例 ,3…     

Improving the results of coronary angioplasty

Coronary angioplasty has changed dramatically in the past three years with major reductions in suboptimal results and restenosis rates, and improvements in safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Intracoronary stent implantation with optimisation of strut expansion and the abandonment of anticoagulants after deployment, have led to less entry-site complications, facilitated early hospital discharge, virtually abolished subacute stent thrombosis and resulted in a 50% reduction in target vessel revascularisation. Adjuvant medical treatment with anti-platelet agents, including glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, improves the safety of angioplasty and may further reduce the restenosis rate. Selective use ofdebulking devices has extended the indications for angioplasty. High resolution fluoroscopy, quantitative coronary angiography and intracoronary ultrasound leading to improved diagnosis, equipment selection and treatment have contributed to better outcomes. Further clinical trials will compare angioplasty and stent implantation with coronary bypass surgery in patients with multivessel coronary disease, and may extend the indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to selected patients with three vessel disease.     

药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄的研究进展

目前,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和冠状动脉内支架置入术已广泛应用于临床,成为冠心病常规介入治疗的方法之一,但术后再狭窄率仍然居高不下;药物洗脱支架的出现则改变了这种局面,随着近两年来药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄临床实验结果的陆续公布,使药物洗脱支架成为目前防治再狭窄的最佳办法。现根据医学研究的最新结果,从药物洗脱支架的作用机制、临床疗效和安全性等方面作一综述。     

冠状动脉内磁化支架置入术后冠状静脉窦血中NO与ET-1水平的变化

目的 :观察冠心病患者冠状动脉内置入磁化支架后冠状静脉窦血中一氧化氮 （NO）与内皮素 - 1（ET- 1）水平的变化 ,探讨磁化支架防治冠状动脉再狭窄的机制。方法 :经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及冠状动脉内支架置入术的冠心病患者随机分为磁化支架组 （2 3例 ）及非磁化支架对照组 （16例 ）。经股静脉将 6 F右冠状动脉造影导管置入冠状静脉窦采血 ,采用 Griess法及非平衡法分别测定冠状动脉内支架置入术前及术后 6 h内冠状静脉窦血中 NO及ET- 1的水平。结果 :磁化支架组术后 6 h冠状静脉窦血中 NO含量较对照组相比显著升高 （P<0 .0 1） ;磁化支架组ET- 1水平的改变 ,包括术后即刻降低 P<0 .0 1)与 6 h回升 （P<0 .0 1）都不如对照组明显 ,两组 ET- 1水平在 3h有显著性差异 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :冠状动脉内磁化支架置入术后 NO升高与 ET- 1水平变化趋缓反映了靶区血管局部内皮细胞功能改善 ,磁化支架置入术后急性冠脉痉挛及远期冠脉再狭窄的发生率降低可能与此有关     

Long-term follow-up of the first 56 patients treated with intracoronary self-expanding stents (the Lausanne experience)

Fifty-six patients treated with the self-expanding intracoronary stent for acute occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or restenosis were followed for 24 to 43 months (mean 34). Successful deployment and positioning were achieved in 55 of 56 patients. Occlusion of the stent was documented in 8 patients, the earliest occurring 30 minutes and the latest 8 months after implantation. Three of the occluded stents were recanalized by PTCA. Coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) were required in 4 patients: 1 for symptomatic restenosis, 1 for left main stenosis adjacent to the stent and 2 for acute ischemia during the in-hospital stay (less than 7 days). Myocardial infarction occurred in the territory of the stented vessel in 8 patients. Seven patients died between 1 day and 19 months after implantation. Local bleeding complications occurred in 10 patients, with 5 requiring blood transfusion. Restenosis within the stent was angiographically documented in 5 patients (9%). A new lesion in the treated vessel was found in 10 patients, followed by implantation of a second stent in 5 and a third stent in 1 patient. Medical treatment was instituted in the remaining 4 patients. Forty-nine patients (88%) are alive. Twenty-nine patients (51%) remained asymptomatic, and 44 (78%) are in a better functional class than before the implantation. Eleven of 15 (79%) major complications (acute occlusions or deaths) occurred in patients who received a stent in the left anterior descending coronary artery. In conclusion, implantation of the self-expanding intracoronary stent appears to be a new therapeutic option for treating acute occlusion or restenosis after PTCA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

冠状动脉支架内再狭窄机制研究现状

目前,冠状动脉内支架植入术已广泛应用于临床,成为冠心病常规介入治疗的方法之一,也使冠状动脉内介入治疗后再狭窄的发生率大为降低。但冠脉内安装支架只能降低,并不能完全防止再狭窄的发生,支架内再狭窄仍是影响远期效果的主要因素。从支架内再狭窄的分类、影响因素和发生机制等方面做一综述。     

Rationale and design of the randomized, multicenter, cilostazol for RESTenosis (CREST) trial

Restenosis of a segment of diseased coronary artery following metallic stenting is a common clinical problem and a major limitation of the procedure. Systemic pharmacologic interventions to deal with this problem have met with little success. Several small studies suggest that cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor whose pharmacologic properties include antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory effects; a beneficial effect on serum lipids; and in vitro inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, may help prevent platelet aggregation and impede the accumulation of new intimal tissue in the stented artery. The Cilostazol for RESTenosis (CREST) trial will aim to evaluate more definitively the ability of cilostazol to prevent restenosis following uncomplicated stent implantation for de novo coronary artery stenosis. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter study, 700 patients will receive clopidogrel, aspirin, and either cilostazol or placebo after successful intracoronary stent implantation. The primary endpoint is minimal luminal diameter (MLD) of the first lesion stented after 6 months; secondary endpoints include MLD in all lesions, mean percent diameter stenosis, target lesion revascularization, and major angiographic endpoints. Safety endpoints are abnormal complete blood count and liver function tests at 1, 3, and 6 months. The trial has been initiated, and enrollment is anticipated to be concluded in 2003. Cilostazol has properties that may reduce or avert in-stent coronary restenosis. The CREST trial is a large, rigorously conducted trial that may corroborate the favorable effects of cilostazol on coronary stent restenosis suggested by earlier studies.     

药物涂层支架的研究进展

冠状动脉支架的应用极大地降低了再狭窄率,使经皮冠状动脉介入治疗有了质的飞越.冠状动脉支架发展至今已多种多样,其中药物涂层支架应用最为广泛,但药物涂层支架在降低支架内再狭窄的同时存在增加支架内血栓的风险.因此,不断改进药物支架是目前的研究热点,且药物支架向可降解支架逐渐发展.现就主要的药物涂层支架进行综述,介绍药物涂层支架的发展过程并大胆预测其发展趋势.     

Safety and Efficacy of Angiographic Guided Elective Palmaz-Schatz Stent Implantation Without Coumadin: Comparison of Stent Implantation and Angioplasty

This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of routine high-pressure Palmaz-Schatz coronary stenting in patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease with only angiographic guidance without coumadin for poststenting treatment. Intracoronary stenting reduces restenosis rate after coronary angioplasty. High pressure stent deployment with intravascular ultrasound guidance reduces the incidence of stent thrombosis, despite reduction of anticoagulation. However, the feasibility of routine stent implantation with only angiographic guidance and without coumadin for poststenting treatment has not yet been determined. Patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for symptomatic coronary heart disease received stent implantation for abrupt or threatening vessel occlusion, vessel dissection without compromised antegrade blood flow (but at high risk for subacute occlusion and early restenosis), unsatisfactory angioplasty result with > 30% residual stenosis, and elective stent implantation in de novo lesions, restenotic lesions, and lesions in bypass grafts. Quantitative coronary analysis was performed before the procedure, immediately after, and at follow-up 6 ± 1 (SD) months later. This patient group was matched for clinical and angiographic characteristics with those patients who underwent balloon angioplasty during the same period. Patients who underwent coronary stenting had larger net gain (1.95 ± 1.0 vs 1.42 ± 0.9; P < 0.001) resulting in a larger minimal luminal diameter (2.48 ± 1.19 vs 1.78 ± 1.01; P < 0.001) at follow-up as compared with balloon angioplasty. Restenosis, defined as > 50% diameter stenosis at follow-up, occurred in 35.0% in the PTCA group and in 16.1% in the stent group (P < 0.001). Subacute stent thrombosis occured in one patient (0.8%) due to angiographically evident suboptimal stent expansion. Routine coronary high pressure Palmaz-Schatz stenting with angiographie guidance without coumadin for poststenting treatment represents a safe and effective option in patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease without increasing the incidence of (sub)acute stent thrombosis.     

支架内再狭窄的介入治疗

目的介绍支架内再狭窄的处理经验.方法回顾分析156例支架内再狭窄患者经PTCA或支架植入术治疗的即刻和术后随访结果.支架内再狭窄治疗前后行冠脉造影,并于术后5.7±3.8个月复查冠脉造影.结果 156例支架内再狭窄患者PTCA或支架术治疗均获成功,其中134例(144支血管)行PTCA治疗,占86.7%;22例(22支血管)行再次支架置入术,占13.3%.156例经再次PTCA或支架术治疗后随访平均6个月的再狭窄率为24.3%.40处弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA处理后18处(45%)再次再狭窄,而96处局限性支架内再狭窄中有17处再次再狭窄(18%),弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA治疗后,再次再狭窄率明显高于局限性支架内再狭窄(P<0.01).支架内狭窄严重程度(>75%)也是影响PTCA疗效的主要因素.结论对于大多数支架内再狭窄(70%)采用PTCA治疗安全有效,术后再狭窄率与首次支架置入术相似.     

雷帕霉素涂层支架预防血管内再狭窄的研究进展

如何防治冠状动脉介入治疗术后再狭窄形成已成为当今介入心脏学界面临的一大挑战 ,近年来的研究表明雷帕霉素涂层支架可有效预防再狭窄形成 ,为解决这一难题提供了新的治疗手段。本文就目前雷帕霉素涂层支架在临床防治再狭窄研究的最新进展作一综述。