不同时期2型糖尿病患者TCD检查结果分析

目的 采用经颅彩色多普勒(TCD)技术对不同时期糖尿病(DM)患者的颅内动脉进行评估,探讨脑血管病变与糖尿病病程的相关性.方法 选取我院2型糖尿病患者73例,其中病程5年以内的DM患者(5Y-DM组)33例;病程20年以上的DM患者(20Y-DM组)40例;颞窗透声良好且均无高血压病史.另外随机选取年龄、性别与病例组相匹配的健康人设为对照组35例.应用TCD检测其大脑前、中、后动脉、颈内动脉终末段及椎动脉、基底动脉的峰值流速(Vp)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)及搏动指数(PI).比较各组间Vp、PI的差异,由此分析脑动脉狭窄与糖尿病病程长短的相关性.结果 两组DM患者的脑动脉Vp、PI明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),且20Y-DM组的Vp、PI明显高于5Y-DM组(P＜0.05).结论 脑动脉病变与糖尿病病程有明显相关性.     

糖尿病合并脑梗塞患者的经颅多普勒应用

目的:探讨糖尿病合并脑梗塞患者脑动脉自动调节功能变化.方法:用经颅多普勒(TCD)动态监测了36例糖尿病合并大脑中动脉梗塞患者及38例非糖尿病性大脑中动脉梗塞患者的脑动脉自动调节功能并做对比分析.结果:糖尿病合并脑梗塞患者存在脑动脉自动调节功能紊乱,表现为广泛脑动脉痉挛.结论:TCD是动态监测糖尿病合并脑梗塞患者脑动脉自动调节功能变化的一项有效、无创性检查手段.     

经颅多普勒超声检测缺血性脑血管病患者颅内血管病变的价值

目的 应用经颅多普勒(TCD)检测缺血性脑血管病患者颅内血管病变情况,为临床提高诊断的准确性提供参考.方法 采用TCD技术检测104例缺血性脑血管病患者(脑梗死、腔隙性脑梗死、TIA)的颅内血管情况,记录颅内动脉的收缩期血流速度(Vs)、搏动指数(PI)等参数.结果 TCD检测到的血管狭窄以MCA为主,其次是TICA;未见明显狭窄的患者,脑血流情况主要为前循环血流增高或椎基底动脉血流减慢;各组病人脑动脉硬化频谱改变比例均高.结论 TCD是诊断颅内脑血管狭窄准确性较高的无创性检查方法.     

经颅多普勒对2型糖尿病患者脑血管病变的评估价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)检测2型糖尿病脑血管早期病变的临床应用价值。方法将60例2型糖尿病无微血管病变临床症状的患者分为A组(病程≥10年)、B组(病程<10年),与年龄相近的30例对照组(C组)接受经颅多普勒(TCD)检查,对比分析各组人群大脑中动脉(MCA)、颈内动脉(ICA)末段、大脑前动脉(ACA)、基底动脉(BA)的平均血流速度、搏动指数(PI)及频谱图像的差异。结果 A组、B组患者与C组间平均血流速度比较显著升高(P均<0.01),PI基底动脉A组与B组间无显著差异(P>0.05),其余A组、B组患者和C组间脑动脉的PI值均显著升高(P<0.01);糖尿病组(A组+B组)脑血管硬化较C组明显(P<0.05),脑血管异常也较C组明显(P<0.01)。结论 TCD检测无症状2型糖尿病脑血管病变具有良好的敏感性,可以为及时制定干预治疗措施提供依据。     

经颅多普勒检测对糖尿病患者脑血管事件预测价值的探讨

目的：评价经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检测糖尿病患颅内动脉血流异常的预后价值。方法：对105例48－85岁2型糖尿病患进行TCD检测并前瞻性随访67个月。结果：本组糖尿病患血流速度异常率较高占57．1％，且以流速异常增高为主：随访期间，7例发生非脑血管病死亡，19例发生非致死性脑硬塞，1例发生非致死性脑出血，3例发生一过性脑缺血发作（TIA），所有23例发生脑血管事件的患进入研究时颅内动脉血流速度异常脑血管事件发生率显高于颅内动脉血压血流速度正常（P＜0．05）。结论：经颅多普勒超声检测颅内动脉血流速度异常对糖尿病患随后脑血管事件的发生有预测价值。     

经颅多普勒超声对糖尿病的脑血流检测分析

目的　探讨经颅多普勒 (TCD)在诊断和预测糖尿病患者脑血管病变中的临床意义。　方法　采用TCD诊断仪对 6 4例 5 0岁以上 2型糖尿病患者及 5 9例同年龄段正常对照组进行脑血流检测。　结果　糖尿病组的 PI值增高 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ;血流速度亦增高 ,其中 MCA、ACA、PCA的 Vs、Vm、Vd及 VA的 Vs与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,BA的 Vs、Vm、Vd及 VA的 Vm、Vd与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;糖尿病组颈内动脉系统血管 PI值较椎基动脉系统血管 PI值明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　 TCD对糖尿病颅内动脉血流动力学的改变灵敏度较高 ,在诊断糖尿病患者脑血管病变、预测和减少脑血管意外方面有着重要的临床意义     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的TCD检测结果分析

糖尿病脑血管病变是糖尿病（DM）大血管病变,为糖尿病死亡的重要因素,致残率高。本文利用经颅彩色多普勒（TCD）技术检测Ⅱ型糖尿病患者颅内动脉血流动力学的变化,探索TCD对其脑血管病变的临床检测价值。     

经颅多谱勒检测糖尿病脑血管病变的临床研究

目的 探讨经颅多谱勒（TCD）检测2型糖尿病脑血管病变的临床应用价值。方法 对71例糖尿病患者行TCD检查,并与对照组就频谱图、脉动指数（PI）、平均血流速度（Vm）参数的结果作比较分析。结果 TCD显示糖尿病组脑血管病变发生率为87.3%,明显高于对照组（P<0.001）,且频谱图有特异性改变;糖尿病患者各检测动脉的PI值及颈内动脉颅外起始段（ICA）、大脑中动脉（MCA）、基底动脉（BA）的Vm值也显著高于对照组（P<0.001）。结论 TCD检测无症状2型糖尿病脑血管病变具有良好的敏感性。     

经颅多普勒对2型糖尿病的脑血流分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者脑血管功能状态及血流动力学变化。方法应用经颅多普勒（TCD）检测206例2型糖尿病患者的脑血管平均血流速度（Vm）、收缩末期血流速度（Vs）、舒张末期血流速度（Vd）、频谱形态、搏动指数（PI）、血流速度异常动脉分布情况,并与200例健康者（对照组）进行比较。结果 206例患者中,血流速度异常的动脉为426支,异常率为23%;频谱形态异常168例,占80%,108例搏动指数增大占52.4%。200例对照组中,血流速度异常的动脉为34支,异常率为3.8%,频谱形态异常42例,占42%,19例搏动指数增高,占19%。两组比较有显著的差异性（P〈0.01）。结论 TCD对2型糖尿病颅内动脉血流动力学的改变灵敏性较高,在诊断糖尿病患者缺血性脑血管病变,预测和减少脑血管意外方面有重要的临床意义。     

合并脑血管病变对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的分析合并脑血管病变对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法选取2015年4月~2017年3月我院收治的老年T2DM患者110例为研究对象,其中合并脑血管病变(脑梗死)者纳入观察组(n=60),不合并脑梗死患者纳入对照组(n=50),比较两组空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素相关指标[空腹胰岛素(FIns)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]、神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)及脑动脉TCD参数[VS2/VS1、PI],同时依据ISI情况将观察组分为轻型组(ISI-4.52)、重型组(ISI≤-4.52),比较其FBG、HbA1c、FIns、NIHSS评分及TCD相关参数,并分析观察组患者ISI、HOMA-IR与NIHSS评分及TCD参数相关性。结果观察组FBG、HbA1c、ISI、HOMA-IR、NIHSS评分、颅内受检动脉VS2/VS1、PI高于对照组(P0.05),而组间FIns比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中重型组FBG、HbA1c、NIHSS评分、颅内受检动脉VS2/VS1、PI高于轻型组(P0.05),而FIns比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析显示T2DM合并脑血管病变患者FBG、HOMA-IR、NIHSS评分、VS2/VS1、PI与其ISI呈正相关(P0.05)。结论老年T2DM合并脑血管病变患者胰岛素抵抗现象较单纯T2DM患者严重,患者神经功能受损程度更大,应予以重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.