完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除并肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2014年5月—2016年5月12例行腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠吻合术,1例为减少手术费用在腹腔外行手工肠肠吻合。手术时间240~310 min,平均280 min;术中出血20~150 m L,平均60 m L;术后住院时间5~7 d,平均6.5 d。术后随访2~12个月,未出现手术并发症,无死亡病例。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全可行的,且具有明显微创优势,可进一步推广。     

完全腹腔镜下手术治疗新生儿、小婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿70例北大核心CSCD

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗新生儿、小婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2016年12月~2021年7月70例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的临床资料。手术年龄10~148 d,(61.7±26.8)d;体重2.6~7.6 kg,(4.7±1.2)kg。TodaniⅠ型58例(Ⅰa型54例,Ⅰb型2例,Ⅰc型2例),Ⅳa型12例。囊肿直径1.1~14.8 cm,中位数5.1 cm。40例(57.1%)产前超声诊断。47例(67.1%)术前有黄疸,11例合并大便颜色变浅,15例合并肝功能损害。结果手术时间135~240 min,(187.9±19.6)min;术中出血2~30 ml,中位数5 ml;术后进食时间4~14 d,中位数6 d;术后住院时间8~33 d,中位数10 d。术后胆肠吻合口漏3例,其中1例合并吻合口狭窄。术后随访7~62个月,中位数33个月。无肠梗阻、胆管炎和胰腺炎。结论完全腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝管空肠吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗胆道疾病的探讨

目的报道新疆医科大学第一附属医院近两年行腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胆管空肠吻合术的病例特点及手术方式,探讨完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胆管空肠吻合术在开展及应用过程中的技巧与方法。方法患者9例,其中男性5例,女性4例,平均年龄64岁,术前行增强CT及MRI,诊断为胆总管结石(3例)、胆总管囊肿(1例)、胰头癌(2例)、壶腹癌(1例)、胆总管狭窄(1例)、医源性胆道损伤(1例),所有患者均无绝对手术禁忌,均行腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胆管空肠吻合术,恶性肿瘤患者均在术前与患者及其家属沟通后要求行姑息手术。手术过程基本可分为处理原发病(姑息手术除外)、胆囊切除、分离修整胆总管、消化道重建、胆肠吻合。结果所有病例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间360 min,术中出血量130 ml,术后住院时间9 d;术后1例胆总管结石患者并发胆漏及胸腔积液经腹腔引流10 d后治愈,另1例粘连性胆道狭窄患者并发胸腔积液于出院前好转。结论采用腹腔镜胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术进行胆道重建具有充分的可行性,虽然存在手术难度大、对手术团队的操作及配合要求高等问题,但仍然是目前胆肠吻合术的首选术式。     

管型消化道吻合器在胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术中的应用

目的总结管型消化道吻合器在胆管空肠吻合术中的应用经验。方法应用管型消化道吻合器行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术43例,包括胆总管结石合并胆总管下端炎性狭窄21例,肝内外胆管结石11例,胆总管下端癌1例,壶腹周围肿瘤7例,先天性胆总管扩张症2例,医源性胆总管损伤1例。结果本组手术时间平均75(60～90)min,胆肠吻合时间平均13(10～20)min,无吻合口瘘、胆道出血、胆肠吻合口狭窄等并发症,无围手术期死亡病例。结论应用管型消化道吻合器行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,安全可靠,缩短了手术时间,提高了手术效率及安全性。     

腹腔镜下胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的应用体会。方法对16例经腹腔镜探查不能行切除术的胰头癌患者,在腹腔镜下行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果所有病例均成功完成腹腔镜胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。手术时间(122.02±2.08)min,术中失血量(79.52±2.58)m L,腹腔引流量(78.25~5.58)m L,术后住院时间(4.70±0.12)d,顺利出院。全部患者获随访6个月,无1例发生肠粘连梗阻。胆肠吻合口狭窄1例,经皮肝穿胆肠吻合口气囊扩张后恢复通畅。结论对经腹腔镜探查不能行切除术的胰头癌患者,在腹腔镜下行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少,但须规范进行手术操作。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。     

完全腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用经验.方法:回顾性分析201 1年8月-2012年12月7例腹腔镜胆总管囊肿手术患者的临床资料.结果:5例患者在完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流,手术时间为310～400 min,术中出血50～100 mL,术后住院时间5～7 d,术后随访3～19个月,未出现术后并发症,无死亡病例.2例因胆总管囊肿炎症重,渗血较多中转开腹完成手术.结论:完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流治疗先天性胆总囊肿是安全可行的,具有微创、术后恢复快等优点;熟练的腹腔镜技术,良好的团队配合是手术成功的关键.     

腹腔镜下胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合67例应用体会

目的总结完全腹腔镜下胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的适应证、禁忌证、技术要点、安全性、并发症的预防及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2013年12月期间于笔者所在医院科室接受腹腔镜下胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的67例患者的临床资料。结果 67例患者中,66例完全在腹腔镜下完成手术,1例于放置蓝蝶后在手助下完成。手术时间144-253 min,平均152 min;术中出血30-220 mL,平均70 mL;术后住院时间6-11 d,平均8.1 d;住院费用2.0-2.5万元,平均2.1万元。术后发生漏胆3例,均经引流后痊愈;术后无肠瘘、出血、腹腔感染、肠梗阻等发生。术后20例患者获访,随访时间5-20个月,中位数为13个月。随访期间发生胆管炎2例,无吻合口狭窄发生。结论对胆总管囊肿、胆总管下端良性狭窄、胆总管结石伴胆管扩张、壶腹部周围癌等需行胆肠吻合患者施行腹腔镜胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是可行的,其手术费用稍高,但患者术后恢复快,且具有微创优势。     

腹腔镜技术在治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿中的应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年2月期间收治的采用完全腹腔镜囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗的7例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 所有手术顺利,无中转开腹.平均手术时间210 min,出血量80 ml.术后第1日患者离床活动,平均2.4d排气或排便.除1例术后有少量胆汁漏外,无严重术后并发症发生,均恢复顺利,平均住院时间8.1d.术后随访3～30个月,无腹痛、发热或黄疸等症状.结论 完全腹腔镜成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y术安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,值得推广.     

外科治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿20例体会

目的 总结外科治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效。方法 20例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿，6例先行外引流术，待3～5周病情平稳后，2例行Ⅱ期囊肿切除、胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术；9例行胆总管囊肿后壁囊内粘膜剥离及囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术；5例小囊肿行囊肿全切除及肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 1例行外引流的患者术后2d死于感染性休克、DIC，余19例中术后发牛腹水3例，胆肠吻合口瘘2例，切口裂开2例，肺部感染1例，经对症治疗后治愈。16例获8个月～8年获访，无明显胆道感染的临床表现。13例胃肠道钡餐检查，仅2例有反流但不超过空肠胆支的1／3；无一例发生癌变。结论 小儿先天性胆总管囊肿一经确诊应早期手术，手术时应尽量切除病变，并行适宜的胆道重建术。     

Laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for biliary strictures: the experience of 10 patients

Hepaticojejunostomy is performed to reestablish bilioenteric continuity. During a 5-year period between July 1998 and July 2003, the authors attempted hepaticojejunostomy by a total laparoscopic approach in 10 patients with benign stricture disorders of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Six of these patients had type 1 (extrahepatic, fusiform) choledochal cyst and presented with pain, fever, and jaundice. Four of the patients had iatrogenic biliary strictures after cholecystectomy (2 patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 2 patients after open cholecystectomy). These patients had a variable presentation 1 to 3 weeks after the primary procedure, with peritonitis and/or cholangitis or only progressive jaundice. For nine of the patients (90%), the procedure was completed entirely laparoscopically. The mean operative time was 326.6 min for the patients with choledochal cysts and 268 min for the patients with iatrogenic strictures. One patient with stricture after open cholecystectomy underwent conversion to an open repair because of severe anatomic distortion and fibrosis. Four patients drained bile postoperatively for 5 to 7 days. One patient with iatrogenic biliary stricture after open cholecystectomy required open revision of the anastomosis 18 months after laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy because of recurrent cholangitis. The remaining eight patients (80%) were doing well a mean follow-up period of 3.1 years (range, 3 months to 5 years). Total laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy is feasible for a select group of patients, but requires advanced laparoscopic skills, including intracorporeal suturing. It must be attempted only in centers well versed in advanced laparoscopic surgery.     

腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠吻合、腹腔外空肠吻合术50例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合、腹腔外空肠吻合术的技巧和中期疗效。方法对大的囊肿,于囊肿中部切开前壁,再用电钩横断囊肿后壁;对小的囊肿,围绕囊肿周围游离,完整切除扩张胆管。对反复发生胆管炎症的患儿,采用Lilly’s方法游离囊肿。脐部切口扩大至1.5 cm,将空肠提出腹壁外,行空肠Roux-Y吻合。腹腔镜监视下肝管空肠端侧吻合。结果16例患儿行囊肿全部切除,34例患儿行Lilly’s囊肿切除。1例早期手术患儿术前反复发作胆管炎症,囊肿周围紧密粘连,分离中渗血明显中转开腹完成手术。手术时间190-450 min,平均226 min。8例患儿需要输血。术后住院时间6-16 d,平均8 d。49例术后随访3-39个月,平均26个月。术后并发症4例：1例发生胆漏,经腹腔引流后自愈;急性胰腺炎1例,保守治疗治愈;肠粘连肠梗阻1例,保守治疗;肠坏死1例,开腹探查见空肠肝支肠管梗阻坏死,行肠切除和再次胆肠吻合手术。余45例无腹痛、发热、黄疸等症状。无胆管狭窄和反流性胃炎病例,无手术死亡。结论分离囊肿后壁,避免门静脉损伤是最关键的腹腔镜操作;胆肠吻合是腹腔镜最难的技术。腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治术疗效满意。     

Laparoscopically assisted extrahepatic cyst excision and left hemihepatectomy for a type IV-A choledochal cyst

Some studies have reported on laparoscopic excision for treating the choledochal cyst, yet there are no reports on laparoscopic surgery for treating type IV-A choledochal cysts that require a liver resection. In this paper, we report on a case of laparoscopic cyst excision combined with left hemihepatectomy and laparoscopy-assisted Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for treating a type IV-A choledochal cyst. A 51-year-old female was admitted with symptoms of jaundice and cholangitis. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was done preoperatively for controlling the cholangitis. The imaging studies revealed a type IV-A choledochal cyst with an associated stricture of the left main intrahepatic duct. After the resolution of the cholangitis, total laparoscopic cyst excision and left hemihepatectomy were performed by using the four-port technique, and then a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was done by a laparoscopy-assisted method. The total operation time was 420 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 300 mL, and no perioperative transfusion was needed. The tubogram, which was performed through the PTBD on postoperative day 5, showed good patency of the bilioenteric anastomosis and no biliary leakage. The patient was discharged at postoperative day 7 without any complications. This case shows the feasibility of performing laparoscopic surgery for treating a type IV-A choledochal cyst that requires a liver resection. We believe that laparoscopic cyst excision with a liver resection can be one of the treatment options for selected patients with type IV-A choledochal cysts.     

复合型胆总管囊肿的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 总结腹腔镜手术治疗复合型(Ⅳ-A)胆总管囊肿的经验.方法 回顾性分析2002-2009年间腹腔镜手术治疗65例胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.其中16例为Ⅳ-A型,切除肝外囊肿及肝门部胆管成形后行肝管空肠扩大吻合术.结果 16例复合型胆总管囊肿均顺利完成腹腔镜手术.8例合并肝总管狭窄,予以狭窄段切开或切除后扩大肝管空肠吻合;4例左右肝管汇合处狭窄,于分叉水平向左右肝管切开行双管-空肠吻合;2例合并右肝管开口隔膜狭窄,经肝门胆管将其切开;2例合并左肝管囊肿下游狭窄,自肝门向左肝管切开扩大成形后行肝管-空肠斜形吻合.2例出现术后并发症,1例暂时性胆漏自愈,1例吻合口狭窄再手术后解除.随访观察肝内囊肿明显减小直至消失.结论 腹腔镜提供的视野放大效果有利于囊肿根治性切除及肝门胆管狭窄矫治.对于复合型胆总管囊肿,腹腔镜肝门部或肝内胆肠吻合安全有效.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize our experience of laparoscopic surgery for complex choledochal cysts (type Ⅳ-A). Methods The clinical data of 65 children of choledochal cyst undergoing laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection were retrospectively reviewed from 2002 to 2009 in our institute.Among those type Ⅳ-A cyst was found in 16 patients. Hepaticojejunostomy was performed using a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop after extrahepatic cyst excision and ductoplasty. Results Laparoscopic procedures were successfully performed in 16 patients with type Ⅳ-A cysts. The stenotic segment was splited or excised and a wide hepaticojejunostomy was completed at the porta hepatis in 8 patients with a stricture extending to the level of common hepatic duct. The constrictive confluence of the bilateral hepatic duct was incised and the bi-ductal cystojejunostomy was achieved at the bifurcation in 4 cases. A septum was found at the orifice of right hepatic duct and was excised through the hilar stoma in 2 cases. A downstream stricture of the left hepatic duct was incised from the hilum to the dilated segment along the lateral wall in 2 patients, so that a long intrahepatic cystojejunostomy was completed in an oblique course. Postoperative complications developed in 2 cases including temporary bile leakage in one case and anastomotic stricture in another. The intrahepatic cysts were remarkably reduced in size during the follow-up. Conclusions With the magnified laparoscopic view, the radical resection of extrahepatic cyst and correction of the intrahepatic bile ductal stenosis can be easily performed. Laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy and/or intrahepatic cystojejunostomy is effective and safe for children with type Ⅳ-A choledochal cysts.     

Surgical management of choledochal cysts: a review of 60 cases

Sixty cases of choledochal cysts in children are reviewed. The series comprises 55 cases of Alonso-Lej. Type 1 cysts, two cases whose cysts were infraduodenal and retropancreatic in position, and three cases of choledochal cysts with both proximal and distal atresia of bile ducts. The following five types of operative procedures were employed for the 58 cases: (1) Choledochocystoduodenostomy in 12; (2) Partial excision, choledochorraphy and choledocho-duodenostomy in six; (3) Cyst excision, portal dissection and portojejunostomy in three; (4) Choledochocystojejunostomy Roux-en-Y in 20; and (5) Cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y in 17 cases. Two patients did not receive definitive surgical treatment. Early complications included six cases of leakage, of which one died; and four cases of cholangitis and septicemia, resulting in fatality in all. The overall operative mortality was 5/58 (8.6%). This review, though retrospective in nature, further supports the more recent trend that radical cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment of choice. This procedure carried no mortality and low morbidity. All 17 patients treated in this manner are well and free from jaundice and recurrent cholangitis. Cyst excision eliminates the reservoir for bile stasis, biliary obstruction, cholangitis, and biliary cirrhosis. It also removes the possibility of malignant change in the cyst and spontaneous rupture.     

Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in symptomatic neonates

Purpose

Choledochal cysts require surgical excision, preferably before the onset of cholangitis. Recently, it has become feasible to accomplish the excision laparoscopically in adults and older children. Yet, whether laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst can be performed safely in symptomatic neonates with choledochal cyst is unclear. We herewith reviewed our experience of laparoscopic excision of choledochal cysts in neonates.

Methods

We managed 9 neonates with choledochal cysts between April 2003 and February 2007. The choledochal cysts were excised laparoscopically. The Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was fashioned extracorporeally by exteriorizing the jejunum through the extended umbilical port site. End-to-side anastomosis between the common hepatic duct stump and Roux loop was carried out intracorporeally. The patients were followed up for an average of 26 months.

Results

The patients presented with jaundice, pale stool, and deranged liver function tests. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasonography postnatally. The median operation time was 3.6 hours. There was no operative complication and no conversion. The blood loss was minimal. The recovery was uneventful, and the median hospital stay was 6 days. The liver function tests normalized 3 to 16 weeks postoperatively. No complication was detected at the follow-up visits.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results show that laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in neonates is both feasible and safe. It curtails further complication of the cysts and reverses the derangement of liver function. In addition, the laparoscopic approach minimizes surgical trauma.     

Laparoscopic Resection Of Congenital Choledochal Cyst, Choledochojejunostomy, and extraabdominal Roux-en-Y anastomosis

Background The feasibility of laparoscopic resection of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy in children is still unclear. This report presents the author’s experience with a first series of patients. Methods Data from 11 consecutive children (median age 17.5 months, SD 22, range 2 to 70) with choledochal cyst scheduled for laparoscopy were collected prospectively. There were nine type I and 2 type V cysts according to Todani’s classification. All except one patient had intermittent jaundice or recurrent pancreatitis. The laparoscopic technique included excision of the cyst. A Roux-en-Y anastomosis was constructed after exteriorization of the small bowel via the infraumbilical trocar incision. After repositioning of the bowel an end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out laparoscopically. Results The procedures were carried out in nine children without intraoperative events and a median duration of 289 min (SD 62). In two patients, the operation was converted after 60 and 90 min due to a lack of overview at the dorsal margin with problems in separation of the portal vein. Oral food intake was started within 2 days and tolerated well in all except one patient, in whom biliar fluid from the drain led to laparoscopic reevaluation on day 1. A small leak was resutured and the patient was discharged on day 5. In one patient, recurrent cholangitis and a dilated Roux-en-Y loop led to correction of some kinking of the loop via laparotomy after 3 months. All other patients are well with bile-stained stools after a mean follow-up of 13 months. Conclusions Laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst and choledochojejunostomy in children is feasible. We feel that there is a considerable learning curve with the technique. Future studies will have to prove the feasibility of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y bowel anastomosis without the need for bowel exteriorization.     

Totally laparoscopic management of choledochal cysts using a four-hole method

Background Choledochal cyst is a rare benign disease of the biliary tract. However, once diagnosed, it must be excised with the gallbladder because of the risk for cancer developing in the biliary tree, including the gallbladder. This report introduces a new surgical technique for totally laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using a four-hole method. Methods Between October 2003 and May 2005, the authors performed totally laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision for 12 patients. All the patients except one were women, and the mean age was 37.3 years (range, 17–62 years). According to the Todani classification, there were five type Ia cases, four type Ic cases, and three type IV cases. Choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed laparoscopically using the four-port technique. Results The mean operation time was 228 min (range, 150–330 min). No operative or postoperative transfusion was required. An oral diet was started on postoperative day 3. The average length of hospital stay was 5.8 days. There was no major complication associated with anastomosis leakage or obstruction. No patient had an adverse response, as determined by clinical or laboratory evaluation during a 2- to 19-month follow-up period. Conclusions Considering that choledochal cyst is common among young women, who are especially interested in cosmetic results in addition to complete resolution of medical problems, the laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst may be an attractive treatment option. Presented at the 2005 meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), 13–16 April 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida     

345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿诊治经验

目的 总结成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1974-2007年收治的345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 345例中具有典型临床表现(腹痛、黄疸、腹部肿块三联征)者仅110例.345例检查辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC、MRCP获得确诊,其中BUS检查321例,有311例确诊,确诊率为96.9%.19例囊肿内引流术后发生癌变,癌变率为31%,明显高于未手术者(未住院且拒绝手术的72例中有3例癌变,癌变率为4.2%).345例均行手术治疗,其中284例次行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术.337例手术后早期恢复,近期(术后2～3周)死亡8例(2.3%).结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿仅靠临床表现不易确诊,还应辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC及MRCP等检查,其中BUS是较好的早期诊断方法.手术以采用囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术为优.