食管癌术后乳糜胸

由于胸导管和食管的关系相贴近,食管癌手术时极易损伤胸导管。术中胸腔开放,胸导管在正压下不易充盈,发生破裂后漏出少量乳糜液被血液混杂,或流入右侧胸腔而不易被发现,从而导致术后乳糜胸。     

胸导管结扎防止食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生

食管癌切除术后乳糜胸是一种严重的并发症,乳糜液的大量丢失,迅速引起患者脱水,营养障碍,水及电解质失调,免疫力下降和全身衰竭.对于乳糜胸的治疗,目前多数学者主张积极的手术治疗,疗效显著,已无大的争议.但毕竟需两次手术,加重了创伤,并造成患者精神负担和经济损失.我院1989-01/1999-12施行中上段食管癌手术328例,其中156例术中常规行胸导管结扎作为实验组,另172例术中未作胸导管结扎,作为对照组.比较两组术后乳糜胸的发生情况,探讨预防性结扎胸导管对防止或减少食管癌术后乳糜胸的作用.现报告如下.     

食管癌切除术后乳糜胸的防治

目的探讨食管癌切除术后乳糜胸的防治方法。方法对1478例食管癌切除术患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。术中行预防性胸导管结扎者267例,发生乳糜胸4例（1．50％）;未行预防性胸导管结扎者1211例,发生乳糜胸30例（2．48％）。结果34例乳糜胸中,22例经保守治疗治愈,12例经再次手术治愈。结论食管癌切除术中预防性胸导管结扎可降低乳糜胸的发生率。食管癌切除术后乳糜胸首选保守治疗,经保守治疗5—7d,胸腔引流量〉1000ml／d者应再次手术治疗。     

胸导管结扎防止食癌术后乳糜胸的发生

食管癌切除术后乳糜胸是一种严重的并发症,乳糜液的大量丢失,迅速引起患者脱水,营养障碍,水及电解质失调,免疫力下降和全身衰竭。对于乳糜胸的治疗,目前多数学者主张积极的手术治疗,疗效显著,已无大的争议。但毕竟需两次手术,加重了创伤,并造成患者精神负担和经济损失。我院1989-01/1999-12施行中上段食管癌手术328例,其中156例术中常规行胸导管结扎作为实验组,另172例术中未作胸导管结扎,作为对照组。比较两组术后乳糜胸的发生情况,探讨预防性结扎胸导管对防止或减少食管癌术后乳糜胸的作用,现报告如下。 1 材料和方法 1.1 材料对照组172例,男144例,女28例,年龄26岁～86岁,平均65岁,中段食管癌153例,上段食管癌19例,术后发生     

乳糜胸10例诊治分析

目的总结乳糜胸病因和诊治的临床经验。方法对10例乳糜胸患者的病史临床特点、诊断、治疗以及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果10例乳糜胸,其中特发性乳糜胸5例,继发于胸部手术后2例,服用药物后继发2例,淋巴瘤1例。分别针对病因治疗（3例）或内科保守治疗（6例）,行胸导管结扎手术（1例）所有病例均获得有效控制。结论早期病因诊断,个体化的治疗方案,有助于降低乳糜胸的死亡率。     

成人心脏外科术后乳糜胸的研究进展

乳糜胸是成人心脏手术后少见的并发症,多由于胸导管或其分支受到阻塞、损伤,乳糜溢出至胸膜腔所形成,可使患者出现蛋白质、能量缺乏,电解质紊乱,增加凝血障碍或感染的风险。如果不及时进行治疗,死亡率较高,保守治疗是成人心脏术后乳糜胸的首选治疗方法。现通过汇总分析近十年成人心脏术后发生乳糜胸的病例报道,对其发病机制和治疗策略进行综述。     

肺癌根治术后乳糜胸发生的相关因素分析

目的 综合评价肺癌根治术后乳糜胸的诊治及疗效.方法 回顾性分析肺癌根治患者1473例的临床资料,并发乳糜胸者36例,分析乳糜胸发生的相关临床因素及临床特征.结果 肺癌根治术后乳糜胸发生率为2.4％;乳糜胸组的男性(83.3％)、吸烟史(75.0％)、肺部疾病史(41.7％)、糖尿病史(44.4％)、鳞癌(55.6％)、...     

老年性食管癌切除术后乳糜胸9例诊治体会

胸部手术后乳糜胸是一种严重并发症,食管癌切除术是乳糜胸的常见原因之一.其发生率约为0.6%～2.5%,若采取非手术治疗,其死亡率约为50%[1].我院1987年7月～1998年12月共治疗9例老年性乳糜胸患者,现报告如下.     

食管癌术后并发乳糜胸的治疗（附36例报告）

目的总结食管癌手术后并发乳糜胸的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2351例食管癌手术患者的临床资料。结果本组术后并发乳糜胸36例,其中行保守治疗25例,治愈23例,2例因肺部感染呼吸功能衰竭死亡;手术治疗11例,行胸导管缝扎术后均痊愈。结论食管癌术后乳糜胸发生率较低,发生乳糜胸后给予积极的保守治疗可使大部分患者痊愈;对乳糜胸较重或保守治疗病情未改善者,应果断实施手术。     

不同部位食管癌术后乳糜胸发生率比较

目的比较中上段食管癌与下段食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生率。方法回顾分析3661例不同部位食管癌术后乳糜胸发生情况。结果食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生率为1．12％,其中中上段食管癌术后乳糜胸发生率为1．48％,下段食管癌为0．68％（P〈0．05）。中上段食管癌术后4d确诊乳糜胸23例（76．7％）,再手术率为93．3％;下段为5例（45．5％）,再手术率为63．3％（P〈0．05）。结论中上段食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生率、再手术率均高于下段食管癌。     

Transabdominal ligation of the thoracic duct as treatment of choice for postoperative chylothorax after esophagectomy

Postoperative chylothorax after injury of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy is a rare but severe complication which may lead to serious problems such as loss of fat and proteins, and immunodeficiency. Without treatment mortality can rise to over 50%. From 1988 to 2005, we treated 10 patients with postoperative chylothorax after 409 resections of the esophagus (2.4%). Of these 10 patients nine underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with gastric pull-up to enable an intrathoracic (n = 7) or cervical (n = 2) anastomosis and one patient received a transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and cervical anastomosis. The average amount of postoperative chylus was 2205 mL (200-4500 mL) per day. After a median postoperative interval of 10 days, relaparotomy and transhiatal double ligation of the thoracic duct was performed in nine out of 10 patients. One patient could be managed conservatively. The average amount of chylus was reduced to 151 mL per day (90.5%). Seven patients had no complications, and three suffered from postoperative pneumonia. Two of the patients with pneumonia recovered, and one died. Discharge from hospital, after ligation of the thoracic duct, was possible after a median time of 18 days (11-52). Ligation of the thoracic duct via relaparotomy appeared to be a simple and safe method to treat postoperative chylothorax.     

Surgical treatment of chylothorax caused by lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive disease caused by infiltration of smooth muscle-like cells in lymph vessels as well as the lung. We report a case of pulmonary LAM in a 22-year-old female with shortness of breath, recurrent pneumothorax and chylous pleural effusions. Multiple ligation of thoracic in lower part of thoracic duct was performed and biopsy of thoracic duct confirmed the diagnosis of LAM. The operation was successful and the patient was discharged. Although the thoracic duct involvement is extensive, multiple ligation in lower part of thoracic duct may be a good choice.     

Fluid overload deteriorate chylothorax: evaluation in a canine model

No conservative treatments for chylothorax have yet been established, and surgical ligation of the thoracic duct is required in many cases. In the present study, we investigated the management of body fluid in a canine chylothorax model. Twelve beagle dogs were divided evenly into three groups: A, B, and C. Under general anesthesia, the thoracic duct was cut and opened, and the amount of lymph fluid leakage was measured. Intravenous extracellular fluid infusion was started at 5 mL/kg/h for the first 2 h, and then between 2 and 4 h, the infusion rate was increased to 10 mL/kg/h in group A and to 20 mL/kg/h in group B. During the first 2 h after cutting the thoracic duct, the mean lymph fluid leakage rates in groups A, B, and C were 0.466, 0.635, and 0.575 mL/kg/h, respectively. The rates of leakage did not differ significantly among the groups. Between 2 and 4 h, the mean rates of leakage were 0.750, 1.43, and 0.544 mL/kg/h, respectively, being significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C. The amount of lymph fluid ascending the thoracic duct correlates with the amount of intravenous fluid infusion. For the management of chylothorax, it is important to avoid fluid overload.     

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia: a case report of thoracic duct agenesis

We present a 17-year-old Caucasian male with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia and an absent thoracic duct. This patient is unique as he did not present with the disorder until age 9.5 years. Since his initial presentation he has had recurrent chylothoraces and has been treated symptomatically. We discuss the possible implications of his disorder as well as some of the limited treatment that is available.     

Inflammatory cytokines in robot-assisted thoracic surgery versus video-assisted thoracic surgery

BackgroundCytokines play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and are essential modulators of injury repair mechanisms. While minimally invasive operations have been shown to induce lower levels of cytokines compared to open thoracotomy, the inflammatory cytokine profile difference between video-assisted (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) techniques has yet to be elucidated.MethodsIn this prospective observational study of 45 patients undergoing RATS (n=30) or VATS (n=15) lung resection for malignancy, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1, and endothelial growth factor (EGF) were measured before and after surgery via immunoassay.ResultsLevels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients undergoing VATS than in patients undergoing RATS (P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively) 2 hours following surgery. MCP-1 levels were also found to be significantly higher in the VATS group (P<0.001) 24 hours following surgery. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF levels were not significantly different at any time-point comparing VATS to RATS.ConclusionsThe VATS approach is associated with a more robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response through the upregulation of MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared to the RATS approach in patients undergoing anatomic lung resection. Further studies are necessary to validate the clinical significance of this finding.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察简

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及临床分析.方法 2006年11月至2012年11月期间,我院诊治的60例非小细胞肺癌患者,随机将其分为对照组（传统手术）和观察组（电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术）,对两组术中、术后情况,以及术后第1、5天血清C-反应蛋白水平,进行观察和比较.结果 与对照组相比,观察组术中出血量明显减少,引流时间、术后疼痛时间、术后住院时间均明显缩短,P〈0.05,而淋巴结清扫数目没有明显差异,P〉0.05;与对照组相比,术后血清C-反应蛋白水平显著降低,P〈0.05.结论对于非小细胞肺癌患者,电视胸腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗的疗效显著,显著改善患者的预后质量,值得临床推广.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery left upper lobectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy

A 62-year-old woman was referred to the Thoracic Surgery Department after computed tomography (CT) revealed a 1.0 cm × 1.1 cm mass peripherally in the left upper lobe with spicular formation during her routine medical examination. The nature of the mass was confirmed to be adenocarcinoma by transpercutaneous lung biopsy. No metastasis or contraindication for surgery was found. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) left upper lobectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy was performed. Total surgery time was 80 min and blood loss was 50 mL. Postoperative pathological exam suggested adenocarcinoma, without evidence of lymph node metastasis in any station (T1aN0M0 stage IA). The patient was discharged home on the 10^th postoperative day.     

胸腔镜手术诊治肺部结节138例临床分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）在肺部结节诊断与治疗中的应用价值。方法本组自2004年6月至2010年6月应用电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）、术中冰冻切片病理检查对138例肺部结节病例进行诊断和治疗。结果138例均取得很好诊断或治疗目的。结论电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）在肺部结节诊断与治疗中创伤小、安全、可靠。