眠得安煎剂的药理作用I：镇静催眠作用

眠得安煎剂系中医传统方剂酸枣仁汤加减所和，０．５８ｇ／ｋｇｉｐ的剂量可明显抑制小鼠小自主活动，７９．７ｇ／ｋｇｉｇ及０．７７ｇ／ｋｇ ｉｐ对阈下剂量戌巴比妥钠无明显协同催眠作用，０．５８ｇ／ｋｇ可显著延长戊巴巴纟妥钠的睡眠时间，ｉｐＬＤ５０为２１．３８（１７．０２－２６．８５）ｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐＬＤ５０为２３９．８８（２１２．２８－２７１．５３）ｇ／ｋｇ．     

噻胺酮和戊巴比妥钠用于家兔全身麻醉的实验观察

本文以交叉自身对照法，对六只家兔分别肌注噻胺酮４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，戊巴比妥钠５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，两次用药间隔一周，观察诱导麻醉及麻醉维持时间、全麻过程中动脉压、心率和呼吸的变化。给药２ｈ内，两药均能使动脉压显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），呼吸频率显著减慢（Ｐ＜０．０１）。噻胺酮较戊巴比妥钠麻醉起效快，麻醉初期（０～１５ｍｉｎ）对心率抑制作用强（Ｐ＜０．０５），麻醉后期（６０～１２０ｍｉｎ）的动脉压及呼吸恢复明显，苏醒快（Ｐ＜０．０５），戊巴比妥钠较噻胺酮在麻醉后期（９０～１２０ｍｉｎ）对呼吸的抑制作用强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

蛇毒纤溶酶的一般药理作用研究

蛇毒纤溶酶（０．００６，０．０１２，０．０２４ｕ／ｋｇ，ｉｖ）对麻醉犬颈动脉收缩压（ＳＡＰ）、舒张压（ＤＡＰ）、平均压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）、心电图各参数（Ｐ－Ｒ期间、ＱＲＳ波、Ｑ－Ｔ间期、Ｔ波）、呼吸频率及呼吸幅度无明显影响；低剂量（０．００６ｕ／ｋｇ）蛇毒纤溶酶对麻醉犬凝血时间和复钙时间无明显影响，但中、高剂量（０．０１２，０．０２４ｕ／ｋｇ）蛇毒纤溶酶则可显著延长凝血时间和复钙时间，中剂量组对复钙时间的影响恢复较快。蛇毒纤溶酶低、中、高剂量（０．０７，０．１４，０．２８ｕ／ｋｇ）对小鼠一般行为，机能协调功能及阈下戊巴比妥钠催眠作用无明显影响。     

鹅绒藤对离体豚鼠心房收缩力及频率的影响

鹅绒藤水溶性浸膏（ＡＥＣＣ）及正丁醇提取物（ＢＩＣＣ）对离体豚鼠左心房均表现出依剂量性负性肌力作用，半效抑制浓度（ＩＣ_５０）ＡＥＣＣ为４．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ．ＢＩＣＣ为１．３ｍｇ／ｍｌ，二者高浓度时对离体豚鼠右心房频率有明显抑制作用。经测定二者对小鼠半数致死量（Ｌｄ５０）分别为（ＡＥＣＣ、ｉｐ、ＬＤ５０）３．８±０．４ｇ／ｋｇ、（ＢＩＣＣ、ｉｖ、ＬＤ_５０）０．６０±０．０７ｇ／ｋｇ（９５％可信限）。     

神乐康对中枢神经系统功能的影响

神乐康（ Ｓ Ｌ Ｋ）（３ ,９ ｇｋｇ ,ｉｇ） 可显著提高小鼠学习记忆成绩,明显抑制小鼠自主活动,神乐康（９ ｇｋｇ）可明显延长戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间,并明显增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡个数,不增加戊巴比妥钠小鼠的再入睡动物个数,神乐康（２７ ｇｋｇ） 对小鼠电惊厥有显著的保护作用。     

鹅绒藤的正性肌力作用与毒性

鹅绒藤茎部乳汁水溶性冻干粉（ＦＤＰＣＣ）１～４ｍｇ／ｍｌ，对离体蛙心具有洋地黄样正性肌力作用，大剂量时（６ｍｇ／ｍｌ）致中毒并使心跳停止于收缩期。对离体豚鼠左、右心房可产生依剂量性正性肌力作用，半数有效浓度（ＥＣ＿（５０））分别为１．７×１０￣（－２）与４．０×１０￣（－２）ｍｇ／ｍｌ，对心率影响则不明显。鹅绒藤乳汁冻干粉小鼠静脉注射（ｉｖ）的半数致死量（ＬＤ＿（５０））为０．２１±０．０２ｇ／ｋｇ。     

祛痰宁对大、小鼠的祛痰作用

祛痰宁０．０５～０．４ｇ／ｋｇｉｇ给药能明显增强小鼠气管排泌酚红的作用，ｓｃ给药时作用更强，各剂量组间有明显的量效关系。排泌酚红的作用强于相同剂量杜鹃素。０．１～０。４ｇ／ｋｇ　ｉｇ给药能增加大鼠毛细管排痰法的排痰量，作用优于同剂量的氯化铵。０．２～０．８ｇ／ｋｇ　ｉｇ给药时加强毛果芸香碱引起的小鼠流涎作用，作用强度随剂量加大而增强。ＬＤ５０为４．４６±０．８４ｇ／ｋｇ，为上述有效剂量的２０倍以上。祛痰宁有可能成为一种疗效高、毒副作用小的新型祛痰药。     

抗癫痫灵对神经系统的实验研究

抗癫痫灵是治疗癫痫的民间验方。急性毒性实验结果表明：口服抗癫痫灵的毒性较低，其ＬＤ５０为１１．７４ｇ±０．５ｇ／ｋｇ。神经药理学实验研究证明：该药能减少小鼠的自主活动量，提高电刺激致惊的反应性和电致惊阈，延长戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间。     

东莨菪碱治疗吗啡成瘾大鼠的量－效关系

用经典方法建立大鼠吗啡急性成瘾模型，用不同剂量东莨菪碱治疗。结果提示：（１）东莨菪碱能明显缓解吗啡成瘾大鼠用纳洛酮激发的戒断症状，０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ东莨菪碱治疗组与生理盐水对照组比较，二者有极显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ～１．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量范围内，抑制百分率一剂量呈线性关系，回归方程ｙ＝２．９９ｘ－１．０６（ｒ＝０．９９），ＥＤ（５０）＝０．５２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。（２）东莨菪碱能明显缓解吗啡成瘾大鼠停用吗啡后出现的戒断症状，０．１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ东莨菪碱治疗组与吗啡自身脱瘾组比较，两者有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在０．１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ－１．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量范围内，其作用与东莨菪碱剂量呈正相关。     

葛根总黄酮的急性毒性及长期毒性实验

观察葛根总黄酮的毒性。方法：采用简化机率单位法计算其对小鼠的急性毒性（ＬＤ５０）。结果：腹 腔注射ＬＤ５０为５．９７（５．４６－６．４８）ｇ／ｋｇ,经口灌胃ＬＤ５０为１０．１１（９．４１－１０．８）ｇ／ｋｇ。对大鼠长期毒性：给动物经口灌胃 葛根总黄酮剂量为 ２．５０,１．６６及０．８３ ｇ／ｋｇ,１次／ｄ,连用９０ ｄ;动物一般情况良好,除大、中剂量对雄性动物体重及白 细胞总数稍有影响外,对血小板、血色素、肝肾功能及各主要脏器病理组织学均无明显影响。结论：长期应用本品 可能不产生蓄积性毒性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.