股骨滑车成形联合内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗髌骨脱位

目的探讨股骨滑车成形联合内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗髌骨脱位伴有严重股骨滑车发育不良的临床效果。方法回顾性研究自2006年3月至2008年12月在我院诊断为髌骨脱位伴有严重股骨滑车发育不良的患者5例(5膝),接受股骨滑车成形联合内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗。测量比较手术前后胫骨结节滑车沟间距(TT-TG值),髌股适合角(CA),髌骨倾斜角(PTA),髌骨外移率(PLSR),手术前后的Lysholm膝关节功能评分及Kujala髌股关节不稳症状评分评估手术效果。结果患者术后均获得随访,最短随访时间为3年。术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,未发生感染。无复发性髌骨脱位。Kujala髌股关节不稳症状评分从术前的54.20±8.04增加到术后的81.60±3.97,Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前的54.60±5.22增加到82.60±2.70。术后患者的TT-TG值、CA、PTA、PLSR均恢复到正常范围,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于临床上髌骨脱位伴有严重滑车发育不良的患者采用股骨滑车成形联合内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗可以有效纠正髌股关节的运动轨迹,改善膝关节功能,临床效果较好。     

自体肌腱移植双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位

背景:对于髌骨不稳的治疗,临床上一般分为保守和手术治疗,其中手术治疗方法众多,每种方法各有侧重,对于使用何种方法治疗髌骨不稳,目前仍没有形成统一的共识.目的:探讨应用自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位.方法:选择安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科行膝关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带重建髌骨脱位患者46例,所有患者均采用自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建.结果与结论:重建后随访2~16个月,观察患者关节稳定性及灵活度.46例患者随访期间未见严重并发症,患膝轻度伸直受限1例,重建后均未见髌骨复发脱位.重建后随访Lysholm膝关节评分和Kujala评分均高于重建前(P < 0.01).结果证实,采用膝关节镜辅助下自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位效果较好.     

基于Kaplan-Meier的关节镜下髌骨脱位三联修复术远期效果评价

目的使用Kaplan-Meier分析法评价关节镜下复发性髌骨脱位三联修复术远期效果。方法入选髌骨脱位患者69例髌骨脱位患者随机分为观察组（n=36）及对照组（n=33）,分别给予关节镜下三联修复及普通双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位。对以上患者进行为期5年的长期随访,比较手术前后外侧髌股角、Lysholm评分及疗效维持情况。结果治疗前两组外侧髌股角及Lysholm评分均无组间差异（P ＞0.05）;末次随访时,两组患者的外侧髌股角及Lysholm评分均显著大于/高于手术前,观察组上述两者显著大于/高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组分别有3及4例患者删失,删失率无统计学差异（P ＞0.05）。两组最长疗效维持时间分别为75及68个月;观察组的疗效维持时间的算术均数及中位数分别为58及54个月,而对照组分别为48及42个月。Kaplan-Meier分析显示两组患者的累积疗效维持率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=3.481,P=0.032）。结论关节镜下复发性髌骨脱位三联修复术远期效果优于普通双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带法。     

关节镜辅助下治疗髌骨不稳定的效果分析

目的对比分析改良Maquet三联手术与关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定的临床疗效。方法选取2009年1月至2012年12月因髌骨不稳定住院治疗的患者90例,实验组采取关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗,对照组采取改良Maquet三联手术治疗,对比分析两组患者手术前后外侧髌股角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移程度,同时对于所有患者术后进行为期12个月的随访,对比两组患者的Lysholm评分(LKSS)和Kujala评分,并复查两组患者的膝关节正侧位及屈膝60°X线平片。结果两组患者术后的外侧髌骨角均显著大于术前,髌骨适合角及髌骨外移程度均显著小于术前(P0.01);且实验组的外侧髌骨角、髌骨适合角和髌骨外移程度改善优于对照组(P0.01)。术后12个月两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分均显著高于术前(P0.01),且实验组术后12个月的两组评分均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定相比于传统开放性手术,可取得较好的术后疗效,同时有效防止术后复发,值得临床进一步推广。     

自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位：中期随访评价

背景：以自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带是现在较流行的修复方式。目的：观察重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的中期临床疗效。
　　方法：回顾性研究2006年9月至2009年9月因复发性髌骨脱位而接受内侧髌股韧带重建的患者24例(25膝)资料,随访时间2-5年,平均3.1年,观察临床疗效、膝关节功能恢复及CT评估髌骨位置。
　　结果与结论：随访结果显示,IKDC 评分优良率为92%,2例(8%)患者再次发生髌骨脱位,需要再次手术治疗,随访时IKDC评分、Tenger评分、Lycholm评分明显高于术前(P<0.01)。结果证实,自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位中期临床疗效较好。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗髌骨脱位患者的围手术期护理

目的探讨内侧髌股韧带重建治疗髌骨脱位患者的术中及术后护理。方法对76例髌骨脱位患者,手术前后采用Kujala及Lysholm膝关节功能综合评分,比较髌股关节不稳症状恢复情况,并行髌骨轴位片检查进行术前术后对比。结果Kujala术前评分（41．0±8．4）分,与术后评分（87．0±4．2）分比较,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）;Lysholm术前评分（42．8±7．1）分与术后评分（87．2±3．63）分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,髌股关节功能有明显改善。结论采用内侧膑股韧带重建可以纠正髌股关节不稳定,能改善髌股关节功能。     

双束髌股韧带解剖重建治疗急性髌骨脱位21例

目的探讨双束髌股韧带重建治疗急性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法回顾性分析21例急性髌骨脱位行双束髌股韧带重建术患者的临床资料。结果术后1、3、6、12、24个月各随访1次,无髌骨脱位及半脱位发生,术后1a患膝关节活动度恢复正常,0°及屈膝30。髌骨外推试验和外推恐惧试验均阴性,2例存在髌股关节摩擦感,1例股四头肌力量减退。末次随访时,本组患者Lysholm膝关节功能评分85～97分,Tegner运动水平主观评分5～7分,Kujala评分89～96分。结论双束髌股韧带解剖重建治疗急性髌骨脱位创伤小、对伸膝装置影响小,可有效恢复髌股关节功能及防止复发。     

中药内服加外敷配合髌内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的效果研究

目的:探讨中药内服加外敷配合髌内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的治疗效果。方法:选取2016年3月～2019年6月收治的104例复发性髌骨脱位患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组采用髌骨内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解术治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,采用中药内服加外敷治疗。比较两组膝关节Lysholm评分、Kujala及Tegner评分,髌骨外移率、Insall疗效及不良事件发生情况。结果:观察组膝关节Lysholm评分、Kujala评分均高于对照组,Tegner评分低于对照组;Insall疗效优良率高于对照组、髌骨外移率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组均未发生不良事件。结论:中药内服加外敷配合髌内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的治疗效果良好。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建对复发性髌骨脱位膝关节功能的影响

目的探讨关节镜下内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)重建对复发性髌骨脱位膝关节功能的影响。方法回顾性分析收治的60例复发性髌骨脱位患者临床资料,均采用关节镜下MPFL重建术治疗。评价术前、术后6w、术后6个月优良率及膝关节稳定性。结果术后6w、术后6个月,髌骨稳定性优良率逐渐升高,6个月髌骨外推检验、恐惧试验、J-sign试验优良率均达100%;术后6w、术后6个月,Lysholm评分、HSS评分均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用关节镜下MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效显著,可纠正髌骨轨迹,提高膝关节稳定性,利于患者康复。     

自体半腱肌移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定

目的探讨内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位及半脱位的手术方法及临床疗效。方法经临床关节镜检查诊断的髌骨脱位及半脱位患者8例(10膝),在行半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带的基础上,配合胫骨结节内移及股薄肌前移等手术治疗。手术前后均对患者的膝关节功能进行Lysholm评分。结果8例患者随访2～14个月(平均8个月),术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生,恐惧试验均为阴性。Lysholm评分术前平均(78.3&#177;3.8),术后平均(93.2&#177;3.3)。结论半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带为主的综合术式治疗髌骨不稳定能有效防止其复发,对维持髌骨的稳定有重要作用。     

Surgical Treatment of Iatrogenic Patella Baja

Purpose of ReviewPatella baja is characterized by a loss of patellar height and can develop as either an acute or chronic complication following a knee injury or surgical procedure. The purpose of this review is to describe the diagnosis and management of patella baja and highlight the senior author’s surgical technique.Recent FindingsThe pathogenesis of patella baja involves a complex interaction between quadriceps dysfunction, immobilization, and inflammation leading to infrapatellar scarring and adhesions. It is associated with fractures about the knee and can result as a complication of surgical procedures such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, particularly bone-patellar tedon-bone autografts, high tibial osteotomies (HTOs), tibial tubercle osteotomies (TTOs), and total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Patients with patella baja can have limited knee range of motion, anterior knee pain, significant weakness with active knee extension, and an extensor lag. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of symptomatic patella baja. Treatment strategies include tibial tubercle proximalization, patellar tendon lengthening, and patellar tendon reconstruction. Allografts and autografts can be utilized to augment tendon lengthening or reconstructive procedures. Various small case series have reported favorable outcomes for these procedures.SummaryThe treatment of patella baja is challenging and little consensus exists on optimal management, as much of the literature is limited to small case series. The preferred surgical technique of the senior author involves an end-to-end patellar tendon lengthening with hamstring autograft augmentation.     

Study of patellar kinematics after reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament

Background

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is currently the technique of choice for the treatment of patellar instability. But what should be the most appropriate graft tension for optimal restoration of patellofemoral kinematics?

Methods

Six freshly frozen cadaveric knees were studied, the three bone segments were respectively equipped with opto-reflective markers. The acquisitions were made using the Motion Analysis System®. Six successive acquisitions were performed for each knee under different levels of graft tension.

Findings

With an intact medial patellofemoral ligament, the medial patellar tilt increased up to a mean value of 2.02° (SD 3.1), the medial patellar translation gradually increased up to a mean value of 3.3 mm (SD 2.25) with a slight lateral rotation over the first 30° of knee flexion with a maximum mean value of 1.22° (SD 0.8) at 20° of knee flexion.Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament was performed using different levels of tension applied to the graft. Only 10 N of graft tension could restore normal patellar tilt, lateral shift and rotation, with results approximating those measured on healthy knee.

Interpretation

This study confirms the role of the medial patellofemoral ligament in providing adequate patellar stability during the first 30° of knee flexion. According to our findings, a 10 N tension applied to the graft appears sufficient to ensure proper control of patellar tracking whereas 20, 30 and 40 N of tension are excessive tension values inducing a major overcorrection in all studied parameters.     

Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Evaluation of the Depth of the Carpal Tunnel by Ultrasonography

The objective of the work described here was to evaluate the depth of the carpal tunnel (DCT) in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and healthy volunteers by ultrasonography (US), through measurement of the distance from the flexor retinaculum to the surface of the capitate bone at the carpal tunnel outlet, and compare it with other ultrasonographic and electrophysiologic parameters in CTS. The study was conducted in 60 non-diabetic patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (unilateral n = 37, bilateral n = 23) evidenced by electrophysiologic diagnosis according to the criteria of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AAEM). Furthermore, 40 hands from 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA); flattening ratio (FR), the ratio of the length to the width of the median nerve; and DCT at the canal outlet were measured for all participants. The mean age was 35.6 ± 9.48 y. The female-to-male ratio was 47:13 in the CTS patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 95% for CSA, 75% and 60% for FR and 75% and 87.5% for DCT, respectively. Differences between patients and healthy controls were significant for all three parameters, greatest for DCT, followed by CSA and then FR. We conclude that DCT increased in CTS and this new parameter is comparable in sensitivity and specificity to CSA and FR. DCT increased independently of the cause of the CTS (decrease in size of canal or increase in contents).     

腕管的高频超声

目的 观察正常人腕管的超声成像特点。方法 对２０例正常人的腕管进行检测。男１２例,女８例,平均年龄４６岁。结果 超声能动态显示腕管内容物的大小,形态,获得了有价值的资料和数据。结论为进一步研究引起腕管综合征的病因奠定基础。     

高频超声在腕管综合征诊断中的应用探讨

【目的】探讨高频超声在诊断腕管综合征（CTS）中的应用价值,并进一步分析神经增粗与神经传导速度及病程的相关性,并证实高频超声在诊断CTS中的临床价值。【方法】对100例健康志愿者及63例经临床和电生理检查确诊的CST进行高频超声腕管内正中神经的检查,并记录神经的横截面积（CSA）,并作CSA与神经电生理及病程的相关性分析。【结果】对照组腕管内正中神经的CSA为（8．60±2．25）mm^2,CST组CSA为（15．61±4．60）mm^2,两组相比较有显著差异（P〈0．01）。CST组CSA与神经电生理（感觉传导速速）的相关系数为-0．74（P〈0．01）,与CTS病程的相关系数为0．79（P〈0．01）。【结论】高频超声在CTS的诊断有重要应用价值,其可作为CTS及周围神经检查新的形态学诊断方法。     

Comparison of Proximal and Distal Cross-Sectional Areas of the Median Nerve,Carpal Tunnel,and Nerve/Tunnel Index in Subjects With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Objectives

To provide a quantitative analysis of ultrasonographic measurements and possible pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome by comparing cross-sectional areas of the median nerve, carpal tunnel, and nerve/tunnel index and the difference in ultrasonographic findings between affected and nonaffected hands and between sexes.

Design

Blinded comparison study.

Setting

Secondary referral and training hospital of institutional practice.

Participants

Patients (N=51; 42 women, 9 men) with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent sonography within 1 week after the electrodiagnostic study.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic studies were conducted on both upper extremities. Cross-sectional areas of the median nerve and carpal tunnel were measured at 2 separate levels; proximal and distal cross-sectional areas of the carpal tunnel were each measured at the scaphoid-pisiform and trapezium-hamate levels, respectively.

Results

Comparison between normative (n=24) and abnormal hands (n=78) revealed the following: the mean proximal cross-sectional areas of the median nerve, carpal tunnel, and nerve/tunnel index of electrodiagnostically normative hands were 10.941mm², 192.43mm², and 5.635%, respectively, whereas those of abnormal hands were 13.74mm², 208.87mm², and 6.693%, respectively, showing statistically significant differences for all (P<.05). Distal measurements of the cross-sectional area of the median nerve, carpal tunnel, and nerve/tunnel index were 10.088mm², 150.4mm², and 6.762%, respectively, in normative hands, and 11.178mm², 149.6mm², and 7.493%, respectively, in abnormal hands, showing no statistically significant differences (P>.05). In women, proximal cross-sectional areas of the median nerve and nerve/tunnel index of abnormal hands showed statistically significant differences, but no ultrasonographic measurement with a statistically significant difference was observed in men.

Conclusions

Compared with nonaffected hands, the proximal cross-sectional areas of the median nerve and carpal tunnel were greater, but the distal ultrasonographic measurements were not in affected hands. Ultrasonographic findings of carpal tunnel syndrome were different according to sex.     

记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折346例报告

目的：探讨记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法：采用记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨骨折346例，并观察其术后疗效情况。结果：346例髌骨骨折病人，经随访骨折平均愈合时间8周，膝关节功能恢复时间平均7．5周。功能达到优302例，良44例。结论：记忆合金聚髌器对于髌骨各型骨折均能适用，效果优于其它方法，由于固定牢靠，可早期行膝关节功能锻炼，使关节功能得到较好的康复。     

Tunnel enlargement after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Comparison of bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring autografts

Bone tunnel enlargement associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has recently become a topic of interest in the literature. This association was examined, along with the effect of femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement on the clinical results of ACL reconstruction performed with either bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) or hamstring (HST) autografts. Forty-six patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (23 receiving BPTB autograft and 23 HST) between March 1999 and July 2001. Thirty patients (13 receiving BPTB autograft and 17 HST) completed the last clinical and radiologic evaluations and were included in the study. The mean age of patients in the HST group was 29.8 years (range 18–39) and that in the BPTB group was 27.6 years (range 20–37). The mean follow-up period was 24.6 months (range 12–36) in HST group and 18.5 months (range 12–40) in BPTB group. The effect of tunnel enlargement on the clinical results was evaluated by comparing preoperative and postoperative Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores and ligament laxity measurements between and within the groups. Postoperative femoral and tibial tunnel diameters in both groups were significantly larger than their corresponding preoperative tunnel diameters. In an intergroup evaluation, the enlargement of the tibial tunnel was similar in both groups (P=.556), but the femoral tunnel diameter was significantly larger in the HST group than in the BPTB group (P>.001). Preoperative laxity of the knees significantly improved after the operations in both groups, but no difference between the groups was evident at the final follow-up visit. No correlation between tunnel widening and the clinical results of the BPTB and HST procedures was observed.