Surgical treatment of right ventricular hydatid cyst

Hydatid cyst is a serious endemic parasitic disease found in cattle-raising areas of the world. Cardiac hydatid cysts are rare and appear in 0.5% to 2% of hydatid cyst cases. A 24-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain. A cystic mass (4 4 3 cm) was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A hydatid cyst was located in the right ventricular wall near the inferior branch of the acute marginal branch of the right coronary artery and was located such that it pushed the tricuspid valve inward. The cystic materials were removed with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgery for cardiac hydatid disease is safe, and the results are satisfactory.     

Transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency surgical management of patients with aortic dissection.

The diagnostic accuracy and benefit of transesophageal echocardiography were investigated in 32 patients with suspected aortic dissection. Results of transesophageal echocardiography were compared with surgical assessment. The Stanford classification was used for differentiation of dissection type. Examination time was 5 to 15 minutes. Twenty-eight patients were correctly identified to have aortic dissection; four patients had nondissecting aneurysms of the ascending aorta. Both sensitivity and specificity for detection of aortic dissection were 100%. Type of dissection was misdiagnosed in one patient. Classification of dissection type was correct in 96%. The primary entry site was correctly identified in 25 patients (89%). Aortic regurgitation was found in 57% of patients. Pericardial effusion was detected in 21%, with tamponade in one patient. Myocardial infarction was suggested by transesophageal echocardiography in 7%, and 14% had significantly reduced left ventricular function. Eight patients underwent operation based on transesophageal echocardiography alone. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, performed in 20 patients, verified retrograde flow in the true lumen after femoral cannulation. Transesophageal echocardiography documented postrepair persistence of the intimal flap in aortic segments that were not operated on in all patients. Secondary tears and flow in the false lumen were detected in 35% of patients. We conclude that transesophageal echocardiography allows expedient and accurate diagnosis and classification of aortic dissection, and we recommend it as the primary bedside diagnostic modality. It can especially identify patients requiring surgical intervention without further delay caused by other diagnostic procedures.     

A new approach to the surgical treatment of hydatid cyst.

Hydatid cysts of soft-tissue organs occur in five forms: univesicular, multivesicular, calcified (aborted), ruptured (into adjacent body cavities or host organ ducts), and infected. Each of these distinct forms requires an appropriate surgical approach. For uni- or multivesicular cysts uncontrolled spillage of fertile elements of the parasite is a major hazard. A new method using local freezing of the cyst''s outer layer and 0.5% silver nitrate as a scolicidal agent effectively overcomes this problem. Calcified cysts can be left alone. Suppuration or rupture into adjacent body cavities or internal organ channels must be handled according to basic surgical principles and all of the parasitic material removed.     

新疆地区肾棘球蚴病的多中心诊治经验

目的 提高肾棘球蚴病的诊断及外科治疗效果. 方法 回顾性分析1985年2月至2010年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院、自治区人民医院和伊犁州友谊医院泌尿外科86例肾棘球蚴病患者资料.男59例,女27例.年龄3～59岁,平均38岁.病变位于右肾48例,左肾38例.单纯肾棘球蚴病60例,并发肝、肺等其他脏器棘球蚴病者26例.病程1个月～5年,平均2.5年. 结果 B超、CT和包虫试验检查诊断符合率分别为88％(76例)、81％(70例)、85％(73例).B超显示圆形或类圆形液性暗区,单发病灶,部分内含多个大小不等的圆形暗区及光环,形成囊中子囊征象,较大的类圆形病灶中出现“双壁征”,部分出现外囊壁钙化强回声光带.CT表现为圆形或类圆形囊性单发包块,其内有大小不一的子囊影,囊内CT值15 ～25HU,注入造影剂后囊内容物不增强.经手术治疗85例,其中包虫内囊摘除39例,穿刺抽液后内囊摘除者14例,肾部分切除术15例,外囊完整摘除术5例,肾切除者12例.随访53例,随访时间2～15年,平均7年,复发7例. 结论 B超、CT、免疫学检查是诊断肾棘球蚴病的主要方法,手术治疗仍是棘球蚴病的主要治疗方法,根据残余肾功能、包虫囊大小、数目、位置确定手术方案,肾包虫完整外囊摘除术是最理想的手术方式.     

Textbook outcome in the surgical treatment of liver hydatid cyst

BackgroundTextbook outcome is a composite measure used in surgery to define the ideal postoperative period and to assess the quality of care. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of textbook outcome and the factors independently associated with its achievement following surgical treatment of liver hydatid cysts.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients operated on for liver hydatid cysts between January 2006 and December 2021. Textbook outcome was achieved when all the following criteria were fulfilled: no mortality within 90 days, no major complications within 90 days, no hospital readmission within 90 days, and no prolonged hospital stay. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with textbook outcome.ResultsDuring the study period, 296 patients underwent surgery. Textbook outcome was recorded in 65.9% (195/296). Female gender (odds ratio 2.02; P = .010), noncomplicated cyst (odds ratio 3.97, P < .001), and radical surgery (odds ratio 2.26, P = .003) were the variables associated with a higher probability of achieving textbook outcome.ConclusionTextbook outcome may be a useful measure to assess the variations in surgical management between different centers, and to improve quality of care after liver hydatid cysts resection.     

Transesophageal echocardiography in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with intracardiac extension.

Renal cell carcinomas may extend into the vena cava and the tumor thrombus occasionally involves the right atrium. The operative approach depends upon precise preoperative and intraoperative staging and thrombus localization. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with complete inferior vena caval and hepatic vein occlusion with tumor extension into the right atrium. Preoperatively, transesophageal echocardiography provided superior images of the tumor and its extension, and intraoperatively allowed continuous monitoring of cardiac function and the removal of tumor from the atrium and inferior vena cava. Its use obviated the need for more costly and invasive preoperative and intraoperative procedures.     

腹腔镜在肝包虫病手术中的应用

本文通过归纳总结权威医学数据库上所有关于腹腔镜治疗肝包虫病的文章,对这一领域的进展和现状进行回顾并评论.在国内外,各种开腹治疗肝包虫的代表性手术方式,目前腹腔镜都已全面开展.20世纪90年代初开展的腹腔镜下包虫囊肿穿刺引流术为腹腔镜治疗肝包虫病奠定了最初的基础,腹腔镜内囊摘除术凸显了多方面优势.而腹腔镜外囊剥离术由于"根治"而又微创的优势,复发率低,是最理想的手术方式,虽国内外至今开展例数较少,却昭示了广阔的前景.腹腔镜肝叶、肝段切除术由于手术的高风险、高难度受到限制,处于探索阶段,适应证最为狭窄.     

Hepatic hydatid cyst and splenic hydatid cyst--their surgical treatment with splenic preservation

The hydatid cyst located in the spleen is very rare and the association of the liver location concomitant with the spleen location is exceptional. If the elective surgical intervention for the hydatid cyst of the liver with abdominal evolution is the operation Lagrot, most of the authors preferred a splenectomy in the hydatic cyst of the spleen. It is presented the case of such an association, pointing out the role of the echography for diagnosis and the opportunity of deciding on the preservation of the spleen in treatment.     

Predictors of morbidity and mortality in the surgical management of hydatid cyst of the liver

Background/aims Surgery for hydatid cyst of the liver is widely practiced worldwide; this type of management is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to find out possible predictors for this high mortality and morbidity. Materials and methods The medical records of 169 patients who underwent surgery for hydatid cyst of the liver were retrospectively reviewed. The mortality and the morbidity rates were assessed as well as the following eight potential predictors of mortality and morbidity: age of the patients, size of the cyst, number of cysts, other organs involved by the disease, the presence of preoperative complications, the type of surgery performed (radical or conservative), whether the disease was new or recurrent, and when surgery was performed in the first period (1973–1986) or in the second period (1987–1999). Cross-tabulation and logistic regression between mortality and morbidity (dependent variable) and the above-mentioned eight potential predictors (independent variables) were carried out. Results Of the 169 patients, 112 were female subjects and 57 male subjects, the age range was from 5 to 85 years (mean=39.2 years), the mortality rate was 6.5% (n=11), and the overall morbidity rate was 53.8% (n=91), while specific complications of liver hydatid cyst surgery were seen in 32% (n=54). Patients of age >40 years, with a cyst diameter of >10 cm, who presented with pre-operative complications, who had conservative surgery, and who had surgery before 1987 were having a significantly higher mortality and morbidity rate. Conclusion Age, size of the cyst, the presence of pre-operative complications particularly cyst-biliary communication, and type of surgical procedure performed (conservative or radical) represent as significant predictors of mortality and morbidity of surgery for liver hydatid cyst.     

Transesophageal echocardiography in the management of burn patients

A systematic review was conducted to assess the level of evidence for the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the management of burn patients. We searched any article published before and including June 30, 2013. Our search yielded 118 total publications, 11 met the inclusion criteria of burn injury and TEE. Available studies published in any language were rated and included. At the present time, there are no available systematic reviews/meta-analyses published that met our search criteria. Only a small number of clinical trials, all with a limited number of patients were available. Therefore, a meta-analysis on outcome parameters was not performed. However, the major pathologic findings in burn patients were reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, mitral valve vegetation, pulmonary hypertension, pericardial effusion, fluid overload, and right heart failure. The advantages of TEE include offering direct assessment of cardiac valve competency, myocardial contractility, and most importantly real time assessment of adequacy of hemodynamic resuscitation and preload in the acute phase of resuscitation, with minimal additional risk. TEE serves multiple diagnostic purposes and is being used to better understand the fluid status and cardiac physiology of the critically ill burn patient. Randomized controlled trials especially on fluid resuscitation and cardiac performance in acute burns are warranted to potentially further improve outcome.     

One stage surgical management of hydatid cyst of lung &; liver—by right thoracotomy &; phrenotomy

Introduction Hydatid cysts of the lung are quite frequent in our country. Some patients have additional cysts in the liver. Though most of the liver cysts remain asymptomatic for long time, but may be symptomatic with increasing size. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for both lung & liver cysts. Aim of the study was to establish suitability of one stage surgery for pulmonary & hepatic hydatid cysts. Methods From 1996 through 2003 we operated on 216 pulmonary hydatid cysts, out of which 42 patients had hydatid cysts in the right lung as well as in the right lobe of liver. Right thoracotomy was done to remove the lung hydatids followed by phrenotomy to remove the liver cysts. Results Right thoracotomy was done in 42 patients having hydatid cysts of lung & liver. In 36 patients, cysts were removed, bronchial leaks were sutured & residual cavities were obliterated. Out of rest 6 patients, having dense adhesions or destruction of pulmonary parenchyma, 4 had segmentectomy & 2 had lobectomy. Right phrenotomy was then done with radial incision above the palpated liver cysts. Hydatid cyst was removed from liver. Cavity and remaining pericystic liver tissue was inverted with sutures. Water seal chest drain & subdiaphragmatic drain were placed. Post operative albendazole was continued for 3 months in the dose of 10–20 mg/kg with a gap of 2 weeks after each month. Post operative recovery was uneventful in most of the cases. However, air leak continued for almost 3 weeks in 4 patients & 3 months in one patient. There was no death. Conclusion Surgical management of pulmonary and hepatic hydatids with one stage right thoracotomy & phrenotomy is a suitable option. It avoids additional laparotomy and thereby additional cost & hospital stay. Results are quite satisfactory.