0.03% Bimatoprost对正常无色素兔的降眼压机制研究

目的研究前列腺素类似物的新成员-Bimatoprost的降眼压机制。方法将正常无色素兔双眼滴入0．03％Bimatoprost，按用药时间分为5组，应用酶谱分析法，检测滴用Bimatoprost不同时间后兔眼睫状肌匀浆上清液及房水中基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的变化并进行半定量分析；制备不同用药时间的兔眼球病理切片及超薄切片，观察药物对兔眼各层组织及睫状肌细胞的影响。结果随用药时间的延长，MMP-1／2在兔眼睫状肌匀浆上清液中的活性增加，而在房水中则无明显变化。Bimatoprost可引起睫状肌松弛，睫状肌间隙增宽。睫状肌细胞间连接逐渐消失，细胞间隙增大，细胞外基质减少。结论滴用0．03％Bimatoprost后，兔眼睫状肌细胞中的MMPs合成增加，活性增强，睫状肌细胞外基质减少．这些变化可降低葡萄膜巩膜通道的阻力。增加房水外流，构成了Bimatoprost降眼压机制的重要组成部分。     

Rescula对无色素兔的降眼压作用及安全性研究

目的 了解前列腺素PGF2αDocosanoide衍生物Rescula滴眼液对正常无色素兔的降眼压作用和安全性。方法 雄性无色素兔40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,实验组和对照组均选左眼分别滴用Rfescula和0.5%贝特舒,为期4周。2组中对侧眼同期滴用等量的无菌生理盐水。观察并比较用药前后眼压、结膜、虹膜、角膜和晶状体的情况。结果 滴用Rescula后1h眼压明显下降,2h眼压达最低点,并维持近3h。Rescula和贝特舒分别使眼压降低23%和7%。停用Rescula后6h眼压开始升高,但仍低于正常眼压,大部分兔眼在首次点用Rescula后10-30min即出现结膜和虹膜充血,并有明显畏光,2h后逐渐消退,随着用药时间延长。充血逐渐减轻,持续时间缩短。结论 Rescula对正常无色素兔所显示的显著降眼压作用和眼部滴用的安全性表明,它是一种有希望的降眼压药物。     

肾上腺髓质素对清醒兔的降眼压作用

目的　研究肾上腺髓质素 ( adrenomedullin,ADM)前房内注射对清醒正常眼压兔和急性高眼压模型兔眼压的作用 ;测定房水中环磷腺苷酸 ( c AMP)和环磷鸟苷酸 ( c GMP)浓度 ,探讨其作用机制。方法　测量 ADM前房内注射后不同时刻正常眼压兔及急性高眼压模型兔眼压 ,至眼压恢复到基线水平。运用放射免疫分析方法测定 c AMP和 c GMP浓度。结果　 5× 10 - 7～ 10 - 4 m ol· L- 1 ADM呈浓度依赖性地降低兔正常眼压和抑制兔急性眼压升高 ,以 10 - 6～ 10 - 4 m ol· L- 1 ADM降压作用显著。 ADM可降低正常眼压达1.33k Pa,最大降压效应出现在用药后 4～ 8h。在高眼压模型兔 ,10 - 5mol· L- 1 ADM峰值时眼压下降幅度为 1.45 k Pa,10 - 6 、10 - 4 m ol· L- 1 ADM则分别降低眼压 0 .88k Pa与0 .6 0 k Pa。与对照组比较 ,ADM的应用未引起房水中 c AMP和 c GMP浓度的变化。结论　在清醒兔 ,ADM前房内注射可显著降低正常眼压并抑制由葡萄糖诱导的急性眼压升高 ,其作用呈浓度依赖性。但 c AMP、c GMP并未参与其降眼压过程 ,具体通路需要进一步研究。     

前列腺素对眼压及青光眼影响的研究进展

前列腺素对眼压及青光眼影响的研究进展潍坊医学院孙兴才综述尤毓陆审校前列腺素（Ｐｒｏｓｔａｇｌａｎｄｉｎｓｐｏ）是一类具有很强主物活性的脂质，国内外研究颇多。但早期研究仅局限于眼内刺激性炎症反应方面．直到七十年代，发现局部小剂量应用具有良好的降眼压作用...     

耳针治疗青光眼的降眼压作用研究

三年来用耳针治疗青光眼23例32眼取得良好疗效。32眼耳针前平均眼压4.47kPa,针后15分钟平均眼压3.8kPa,二者有显著差异(P<0.01);25眼耳针前平均眼压4.58kPa,针后30分钟平均眼压3.98kPa(P<0.01);20眼针前平均眼压4.28kPa,针后60分钟平均眼压3.64kPa(P<0.01)。。以上结果可见,耳针后15分钟、30分钟、60分钟眼压与针前比均有非常显著的差异。     

正常眼压性青光眼的降眼压药疗效观察

目的 正常眼压性青光眼的发病机制目前尚不完全清楚，对正常眼压性青光眼患者观察、并予药物治疗，以探求“个体耐受眼压”、阻止病情的发展。方法 以眼部点滴降眼压药为主，单一或联合数药并用，尽可能降低眼压，观察视力、眼压、视神经、视野等变化。结果 用药后平均随访时间49个月，平均眼压从17．7mmHg降至11．86mmHg，92．5％的患者视功能保持稳定。对照组用药后平均随访时间36．5个月，平均眼压从25．5mmHg降至16．7mmHg，95％的患者视功能保持稳定。结论 正常眼压性青光眼以及时用降眼压药为妥，眼压下降的值＞4mmHg能控制病情，＞6mmHg病情有所改善。     

1%派立明滴眼液联合0.25%贝特舒混悬液的临床降眼压疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人青光眼患者的降眼压疗效及安全性方法:选取原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症、术后残余青光眼患者共26例44只眼,给予派立明滴眼液及贝特舒混悬液早晚各2次点眼,共观察2个月,分别于用药后2周、4周、6周、8周复查,观察用药前后的眼压及不良反应。结果:派立明联合应用贝特舒每日2次点眼,降眼压效果显著且稳定,眼压平均降低5.03～6.65mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),平均降幅为20.55%～37.30%且不良反应少。结论:派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人具有良好的降眼压效果,毒副作用少,可作为临床上青光眼药物治疗的主要用药。     

2%美开朗局部降眼压作用的临床研究

观察开角型青光眼和主眼压症患者１１例共２２只眼点用２％美开朗的临床效果，将点用１滴药后，每正２次每次１滴连续点用１周和４周后的眼压与点药前的眼压前进行比较，结果２％美开庸人有较明显的降压压作用且局部副作用轻微。     

曲伏前列腺素滴眼液降眼压效果的临床观察

目的评价曲伏前列腺素眼液(苏为坦)降眼压治疗的有效性和安全性。方法20例(38只眼)原发性青光眼和高眼压症患者单用或联合点用曲伏前列腺素眼液,每晚一次,随访12周,观察眼压、视野及不良反应。结果曲伏前列腺素眼液能显著降低眼压(P<0.01),12周后降压幅度范围6~14mmHg,视野平均缺损与治疗前比较无显著性差异(P>0.01)。不良反应主要为轻到中度的结膜充血。结论曲伏前列腺素眼液能显著降低原发性青光眼/高眼压症等患者的眼压,而且安全、有较好的耐受性。     

0.2%酒石酸溴莫尼定联合0.25%倍他洛尔的短期降眼压疗效及安全性研究

目的观察0.2%酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液联合应用0.25%倍他洛尔混悬液对原发性开角型青光眼及高眼压症患者3个月的降眼压疗效及安全性。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象原发性开角型青光眼32例(57眼),高眼压症14例(27眼)。方法给予0.2%酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液及0.25%倍他洛尔混悬液早晚各2次点眼,分别于用药后2、4、8、12周复查,观察用药前后的眼压及不良反应,共观察3个月。主要指标眼压、不良反应。结果用药后2~12周眼压平均降低5.71~7.38mm Hg,平均降幅为21.94%~39.01%;左右眼间降眼压效果无明显区别(P>0.05);男女性别之间降眼压效果亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。随访期间,3例患者出现不能耐受的眼部刺激症状而退出试验。7例(8.33%)出现眼分泌物增多;5例(5.95%)出现眼部刺痛;10例(11.9%)出现眼部烧灼感;7例出现口苦(8.33%);3例(3.57%)出现眉弓胀痛伴头痛;视力及前节无显著变化。结论本文的短期研究显示,0.2%酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液联合0.25%倍他洛尔混悬液对原发性开角型青光眼及高眼压症患者具有较好的降眼压效果,副作用少。     

Effect of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptides on intraocular pressure in normal albino rabbits

The effect of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in normal rabbits. Dose response studies to IOP were performed after intravenous administration of alpha-hANP at 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg to the rabbits. The maximum reduction in IOP was observed to occur with the alpha-hANP 50 micrograms/kg dose. The time course of the pressure response to alpha-hANP were measured prior to and following intravenous administration of 50 micrograms/kg of alpha-hANP. The change in IOP and blood pressure showed the same pattern in the simultaneous record. Silver grains of 125I-alpha-hANP (10 microCi/g body weight) were detected in the ciliary processes of mice by radioautography after intravenous injection. The pupillary response was not tested in this experiment. The mechanism of IOP reduction was discussed.     

O.03%贝美前列素滴眼液与0.005%拉坦前列素滴眼液的降眼压效果和安全性比较

目的比较0.03%贝美前列素滴眼液与0.005%拉坦前列素滴眼液降眼压治疗的有效性和安全性.方法随机、研究者设盲、平行对照临床试验.56例原发性开角型青光眼或高眼压症患者,随机分配接受0.03%贝美前列素和0.005%拉坦前列素治疗,观察治疗42天后降眼压效果及不良反应.结果 0.03%贝美前列素和0.005%拉坦前列素均能显著降低眼内压(P＜0.001).6周治疗后,贝美前列素和拉坦前列素降低眼压分别为5.92～9.18mmHg(26.3%～36.1%)和7.25～9.85mmHg(31.3%～38.9%),两者之间差异无统计学意义.贝美前列素和拉坦前列素均有较好的安全性,最常见的不良反应为结膜充血.结论 0.03%贝美前列素滴眼液和0.005%拉坦前列素滴眼液均能显著降低国人开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者的眼压,而且安全、有较好的耐受性.两者差异无统计学意义.     

前列腺素衍生物类药物降眼压的作用机制

病理性眼压升高是青光眼主要的危险因素,目前针对青光眼的手术及药物治疗都旨在降低眼压.前列腺素衍生物因具有降眼压作用而成为治疗青光眼的首选药物.现有的研究表明,前列腺素衍生物类药物主要是通过增加房水从葡萄膜巩膜通道外流来降低眼压的,最新的研究发现贝美前列腺素还可以通过增加房水从小梁网通道外流来降低眼压.目前关于前列腺素衍生物类药物降眼压作用机制仍然在不断地了解、观察、研究中.     

Effect of etomidate on the intraocular pressure in rabbits

Etomidate, (R-(+)ethyl-1-(phenylethyl) 1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), in concentrations ranging from 2 to 4% when administered as drops to the eye of normal rabbits significantly reduced intraocular pressure when measured by applanation tonometry. The intraocular pressure reduction was cumulative in the lower concentration of the drug, while the higher concentrations of the drug, in addition to lowering the intraocular pressure, produced corneal and conjunctival epithelial toxicity. This problem of chemical toxicity was overcome by dissolving the higher concentration of the drug in arachis oil.     

Diurnal Intraocular Pressure with Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination versus Latanoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination in Healthy Subjects

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of a bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination (BTFC) and a latanoprost/timolol fixed combination (LTFC) on diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior ocular parameters in healthy subjects.

Methods

We enrolled 58 healthy subjects in this prospective clinical study. Thirty subjects were treated with BTFC and 28 subjects were treated with LTFC. IOP was measured every 2 hours except from 01:00 and 05:00. Axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth were obtained using the IOL master at baseline and 24 hours later. Adverse events were assessed by patient interview and by slit lamp examination.

Results

The largest difference in IOP between treated and untreated eyes 8 hours after instillation was 1.67 mmHg in the BTFC group (p < 0.001). The largest difference in IOP between treated and untreated eyes 10 hours after instillation was 1.93 mmHg in the LTFC group (p < 0.001). For anterior ocular parameters such as axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth at baseline and 24 hours after instillation, there were no significant differences between the baseline and 24-hour values in either the BTFC or LTFC group. The most frequently occurring adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia, which was found in 33.3% (n = 10) of the BTFC group and 25.0% (n = 7) of the LTFC group (p = 0.486).

Conclusions

BTFC and LTFC provided a significant reduction in IOP from baseline without changing any anterior ocular parameters. Our results provide a reference for monocular trials to assess the effect of eye drops in a clinical condition.     

The safety of intraocular ketorolac in rabbits

PURPOSE: To assess the safety of a possible substitute treatment for intraocular steroid injections, intraocular injections of ketorolac tromethamine, one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were performed in rabbits. METHODS: Either 0.5% or 0.25% preservative-free ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution (0.1 mL) was injected into the vitreous of the right eye of 15 rabbits. Physiologic saline solution (BSS; Alcon, Ft. Worth, TX) was injected into the left eye of each rabbit as a control. A standard electroretinogram and intraocular pressure measurements were obtained before injection, and repeated 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after injection. After 4 weeks, the rabbits were euthanatized and the retinas examined by light and electron microscopy. Differences in the electroretinograms, intraocular pressure, and histopathology between the two eyes were recorded. Further, the elimination half-life of the drug in the vitreous was assessed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in electroretinograms, or intraocular pressure measurements obtained between the ketorolac-injected eyes and the control eyes. The half life of the drug was measured to be 2.3 hours. No histopathologic changes were observed in study eyes compared with control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Preservative-free ketorolac tromethamine is nontoxic to the retinas of rabbits when injected intravitreally and could be considered as an alternative to intraocular steroid injections.