薄层色谱扫描法检测普罗帕酮中毒者血药浓度

目的：建立普罗帕酮中毒快速检验方法。方法：血清２．５ｍｌ,８ｍｌ乙醚分两次萃取,点于ＨＳＧＦ２５４板上,正庚烷∶三氯甲烷∶无水乙醇∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇（５∶２∶２．５∶１．５∶２．５）展开５～７ｃｍ,薄层色谱扫描定性和定量检测。结果：血清中普罗帕酮线性检测范围为０．１～６μｇ·ｍｌ－１,最小检出浓度为０．０５μｇ·ｍｌ－１。结论：本法快速、简便、定性定量准确,可用于普罗帕酮中毒的快速诊断和体内药物浓度监测     

薄层扫描法检测血清中多沙普仑

目的：建立血清中多沙普仑的薄层扫描定性定量的检测方法。方法：样品碱化后用氯仿萃取，检测波长为２６３ｎｍ、参比波长为３００ｎｍ。结果：血清中多沙普仑线性范围为１～１２８μｇ·ｍｌ－１，最低检出浓度为０．６μｇ·ｍｌ－１（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３），平均回收率为９１．３％。结论：本法快速，简便，准确，可有效地用于多沙普仑的血浓测定     

阿奇霉素在肺炎患者支气管灌洗液中的浓度测定

目的：观察阿奇霉素在下呼吸道感染患者肺中的浓度。方法：应用微生物法测定肺炎病人血清及支气管灌洗液中阿奇霉素的浓度。结果：患者口服阿奇霉素５００ ｍｇ 后,血清及支气管灌洗液中浓度在４８ ｈ 最高峰值分别是０．３４ μｇ·ｍｌ－ １ 和２ ．２７μｇ·ｍｌ－ １ ,９６ ｈ 时支气管灌洗液浓度和血清浓度分别为０ ．０７ μｇ·ｍｌ－１ 和１ ．３４ μｇ·ｍｌ－１ 。提示肺中浓度明显高于血清浓度。结论：阿奇霉素有较高的组织渗透性。     

对乙酰氨基酚凝胶在人体的药动学和生物利用度

８名健康男性志愿者交叉服用５００ｍｇ剂量的对乙酰氨基酚凝胶剂和片剂。血药浓度采用ＨＰＬＣ测定。对乙酰氨基酚凝胶剂的药动学参数：Ｔ１／２（Ｋａ）０．３０±０．２２ｈ，Ｔ１／２（Ｋｅ）２．１±０．４ｈ，Ｔｍａｘ１．０±０．４ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ５．１±１．５μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ２１±５（μｇ／ｍｌ）·ｈ。这些参数与片剂的相似，凝胶剂相当于片剂的生物利用度为１０５．１％     

商陆多糖Ⅰ联合白细胞介素2对小鼠脾细胞杀瘤活性的影响

商陆多糖Ⅰ（ＰＡＰ－Ｉ），０．３～３μｇ·ｍｌ－１和小鼠脾细胞培养３～５ｄ可显著增强其杀伤Ｐ８１５肿瘤细胞活性及ＩＬ－２（２５０～５００ＩＵ·ｍｌ－１）诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞活性，最适浓度为１μｇ·ｍｌ－１。ＰＡＰ－Ｉ及ＩＬ－２和脾细胞培养的上清液对Ｐ８１５肿瘤细胞无细胞毒作用，但能增强脾细胞及ＬＡＫ细胞杀瘤活性。ＰＡＰ－Ｉ，５，１０及５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，ｉｐ可增强脾细胞杀伤Ｐ８１５和Ｌ９２９细胞的活性及ＩＬ－２诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞活性。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸环丙沙星血药浓度及其药动学研究

采用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定盐酸环丙沙星的血药浓度。色谱条件为：紫外检测波长λ２７７ｎｍ；分析柱为ＨＰ－ＲＰ－ＯＤＳＣ１８柱，Φ４．６×２２０ｍｍ；流动相：乙腈∶（溴化四丁基铵０．００８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１＋磷酸二氢钾水溶液０．０１１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）＝１４∶８６，配好后磷酸调ｐＨ至２．７４±０．０２。本法血清最低检出浓度０．０１μｇ·ｍｌ－１。对１０名受试者口服５００ｍｇ两种盐酸环丙沙星片后进行药动学和生物利用度研究。药－时曲线经拟合为二室开放模型，其Ｔ１／２β分别为４．６８±０．５３ｈ与４．４０±０．４７ｈ，Ｔｍａｘ分别为１．２８±０．０７ｈ与１．３３±０．０７ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ分别为６．４４±０．６１（μｇ·ｍｌ－１）与５．８８±０．４０（μｇ·ｍｌ－１），ＡＵＣ分别为１９．８８±１．８３（μｇ·ｈ－１·ｍｌ－１）和１９．２４±１．０８（μｇ·ｈ－１·ｍｌ－１）。供试品片剂的相对生物利用度为１０３．３２±４．８１％（９９．５８±４．６３％，经含量校正），经统计分析两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

优喘平在人体内药物动力学及体内外相关性

以紫外分光光度法测定优喘平体外释放度，结果表明优喘平在各介质（ｐＨ１～８．４）释药量恒定；以荧光偏振免疫法测定血药浓度，６名志愿者单剂量口服４００ｍｇ·ｄ－１，Ｔｍａｘ１２．７±２．７６ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ３．８±０．９μｇ·ｍｌ－１，Ｔ１／２１１．８±６．２ｈ，ＡＵＣ６３．５±２９．３μｇ·ｈ·ｍｌ－１；多剂量口服４００ｍｇ·ｄ－１，显示间隔２４ｈ用药，茶碱血清浓度差异无显著性，可维持治疗血药浓度（５～１０μｇ·ｍｌ－１）；体外释药量与体内吸收量呈良好的相关性。     

茶碱缓释片的人体生物利用度

用高效液相色谱法测定茶碱血药浓度。ＹＷＧ－Ｃ１８化学键合相为固定相，流动相为甲醇：０．０５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１醋酸铵溶液，内标为对乙酰氨基酚。ＵＶ２７３ｎｍ检测，线性浓度范围０．２－２０μｍｇ．ｍｌ＾－１，方法回收率９８．６７％－１０１．６８％。     

薄层扫描法检测血清、尿中磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄氨嘧啶

本文建立了血清、尿中ＳＭＺ和ＴＭＰ的薄层扫描定性定量检测方法。血清和尿中ＳＭＺ的线性检测范围为４～１２８μｇ／ｍｌ，最小检出浓度为１．６μｇ／ｍｌ；ＴＭＰ的线性检测范围为１～３２μｇ／ｍｌ，最小检出浓度为０．８μｇ／ｍｌ。     

薄层色谱扫描法检测茶碱中毒者和哮喘患者血清中茶碱浓度

目的：建立血清中茶碱的提取和薄层色谱扫描定性和定量检测方法。方法：血清用１％盐酸酸化,乙醚－二氮甲烷（６：４）或氯仿萃取,点于ＧＦ２５４薄层板上,正瘐烷：三氯甲烷：无水乙酯：甲醇：冰乙酸（５：２：２：１．５：２．５：０．５）展开;薄层扫描检测。结果：茶碱薄层层析Ｒｆ值为０．３５;最大吸收波长为２７５ｎｍ,血中茶碱线性检测范围为１～２４μｇ／ｍｌ,最小检出深度为０．４μｇ／ｍｌ。结论：本法快速、简便     

高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚口服溶液的含量

目的 　建立高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚口服溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的含量 ,方法 　 Alltech-C1 8柱为固定相 ,甲醇 -水 (2 0∶ 80 )为流动相 ,检测波长 :2 44 mm,用外标法定量。 结果 　线性范围 :对乙酰氨基酚在 12 μg· m L- 1～ 12 0 μg· m L- 1浓度范围呈良好线性关系。 A=-13 5 0 2 .760 8+ 783 0 4.5 789C,r=0 .999。测得 3批的回收率分别为 98.7%、98.5 %、97.8% ,RSD分别为 0 .5 9%、0 .64 %、0 .42 %。结论 　本法简便快捷、结果准确 ,适用于对乙酰氨基酚口服溶液的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定小儿对乙酰氨基酚灌肠液中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

目的 建立小儿对乙酰氨基酚灌肠液中对乙酰氨基酚的HPLC含量测定方法.方法 选用YMC-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.75%醋酸溶液(25∶75),检测波长为250 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min.结果 对乙酰氨基酚的量在0.4～2.4 μg内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 6,平均回收率为99.54%,RSD为1.29%.结论 该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高,为小儿对乙酰氨基酚灌肠液质量控制提供了定量依据.     

高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚的血药浓度及其生物利用度

目的 :建立高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度的方法并对其分散片的生物利用度进行研究。方法 :以HPLC外标法测定人血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的浓度 ,流动相为甲醇 /乙腈 /水 (5∶5∶90 ) ,紫外吸收波长为 2 37nm。 12名健康志愿者服药后 ,依据对乙酰氨基酚分散片和对照片经时血药浓度 ,研究了 2种制剂相对生物利用度。结果 :本法对血浆中药物的最低检测浓度为 0 1μg·mL-1,线性范围为 0 2～ 18 0 μg·mL-1,回收率 >90 % ,日内RSD为 0 71%～ 1 6 5 % ,日间RSD为0 77%～ 4 41%。按AUC0→∞ 计算出对乙酰氨基酚分散片的相对生物利用度为 (10 7 8± 14 3) %。结论 :本法简便快速 ,可用于临床血药浓度测定。 2种对乙酰氨基酚制剂具有生物等效性。     

Tramadol/paracetamol

The orally administered fixed combination tablet of tramadol (centrally-acting opiate) plus paracetamol (acetaminophen; nonopiate, nonsalicylate analgesic) [37.5/325 mg] provides effective analgesia in patients with moderate to severe acute pain and those with chronic painful conditions characterised by intermittent exacerbations of pain. Two tramadol/paracetamol 37.5/325 mg tablets provided greater relief of dental pain over an 8-hour period than either agent alone, with a faster onset of action than tramadol alone and a longer duration of action than either agent as monotherapy. In patients with postoperative dental pain, two tramadol/paracetamol tablets (37.5/325 mg) provided similar analgesia to hydrocodone/paracetamol 10/650 mg over an 8-hour period. The addition of one or two tramadol/paracetamol 37.5/32 5mg tablets (up to four times daily) for 5 days to existing NSAID or cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor analgesic therapy provided effective pain relief in patients with osteoarthritis flare pain. Tramadol/paracetamol 37.5/325 mg provided similar efficacy to that of codeine/paracetamol 30/300 mg in patients with chronic back pain in a 4-week, randomised, double-blind trial (a maximum of 10 tablets or capsules per day of the active drug).     

Tolerability of paracetamol.

The excellent tolerability of therapeutic doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a major factor in the very wide use of the drug. The major problem in the use of paracetamol is its hepatotoxicity after an overdose. Hepatotoxicity has also been reported after therapeutic doses, but critical analysis indicates that most patients with alleged toxicity from therapeutic doses have taken overdoses. Importantly, prospective studies indicate that therapeutic doses of paracetamol are an unlikely cause of hepatotoxicity in patients who ingest moderate to large amounts of alcohol. Controlled clinical trials have found that paracetamol is very well tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract. While variable results have been found in case control studies, most studies have shown no change or a small increase in the relative risk of perforations, ulcer or bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, associations between the use of paracetamol and gastrointestinal toxicity, as well as with chronic renal disease and asthma, are very likely to reflect biases in some case control studies. In particular, such biases may be caused by the perceived high tolerability of paracetamol in these diseases. The consequent use of paracetamol in these diseases states then leads to an apparent association between paracetamol and the disease. Despite metabolism of paracetamol to reactive compounds, hypersensitivity reactions are rare, although urticaria occurs in occasional patients. Paracetamol appears to be well tolerated during pregnancy although prospective studies are required.     

Management of paracetamol poisoning

Paracetamol is the most common substance involved in self-poisoning in the UK. The main advances made over the past five years in the management of early paracetamol poisoning, identification of risk factors for paracetamol poisoning, understanding of the mechanisms and management of late paracetamol poisoning and issues concerning the prevention of paracetamol poisoning are discussed.     

对乙酰氨基酚中毒及其处理

对乙酰氨基酚是解热镇痛抗炎药中最常用的药物。本文对其发生中毒的机制、早期及晚期中毒的救治以及预防等方面的研究进行介绍。