β-环糊精开管毛细管电色谱法分离糖类物质

目的制备开管毛细管电色谱柱分离混合单糖。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法,选择β-环糊精（β-CD）作为固定相,制备开管毛细管电色谱柱,并用于1-苯基-3-甲基-5吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生的混合单糖的分离。结果硼砂缓冲液浓度20 mmol.L-1、pH值5.5、电压15 kV、进样时间2 s、乙腈及二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的用量分别为5%时,混合单糖可得到良好分离。结论开管毛细管电色谱分离糖类物质与区带电泳相比,显著降低了缓冲液中非挥发性盐的浓度,可更好地实现与质谱联用。     

新型键合纤维素手性固定相拆分氯西加酮对映体

目的:建立一种用新型键合纤维素手性固定相拆分氯西加酮对映异构体的高效液相色谱方法。方法:使用Chiralpak IB(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为正己烷-无水乙醇(90︰10),流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长230 nm,柱温30℃;通过对比氯西加酮和添加了苏式氯西加酮的氯西加酮色谱图,判断先流出物的构型。结果:氯西加酮对映体在新型键合直链纤维素衍生化合物手性固定相上能够完全分离,分离度为1.79;先流出物为苏式氯西加酮。结论:本方法可方便地实现氯西加酮对映体的分离。     

苯氧羧酸类药物的开管电色谱分析研究

目的 建立微量苯氧羧酸类药物的毛细管开管柱电色谱分析方法.方法 基于三胺键合开管柱,研究毛细管电泳、离子交换以及在线场放大作用,应用于苯氧羧酸类药物的毛细管电色谱分离.结果 在最优条件下,实现了2-苯氧基丙酸(2-PPA)、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2;4-D)、2-(2-氯苯氧基)丙酸(2,2-CPPA)、2-(3-氧苯氧基)丙酸(2,3-CPPA)的分离检测,检测限为8.0×10-8～～5.0×10-8mol· L-1,应用于实际水样加标检测,回收率为84.0％ ～92.3％,RSD＜ 12％.结论 毛细管电色谱技术对苯氧羧酸类药物分离方法简单,效果良好.     

烯丙基-β-环糊精毛细管电色谱整体柱分离愈创甘油醚对映体

目的:建立一种用毛细管电色谱拆分愈创甘油醚对映体的方法。方法:采用制备的烯丙基-β-环糊精手性毛细管整体柱,在电色谱模式下,对愈创甘油醚对映体进行手性分离,考察了流动相配比、背景电解质溶液pH、柱温及分离电压等因素对分离的影响。结果:在优化的实验条件下,愈创甘油醚对映体达到基线分离。结论:毛细管电色谱首次分离愈创甘油醚对映体,该方法操作简单,分离效果好。     

HPLC法拆分氟比洛芬对映体

建立氟比洛芬手性药物的高效液相色谱拆分方法。方法:手性流动相添加剂HPLC法:利用C18柱,以羟丙基-β-环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂,调节有机修饰剂甲醇的比例和添加不同量的三乙胺对氟比洛芬进行拆分;手性固定相HPLC法:利用Chiral-pakAD手性柱,以正己烷-乙腈为流动相基本成分,调整两者不同比例和添加不同量的三乙胺,对氟比洛芬进行拆分。结果:手性流动相添加剂法:使用C18柱对氟比洛芬对映异构体进行拆分,调节流动相中有机修饰剂甲醇浓度、手性流动相添加剂羟丙基环糊精浓度、峰型修饰剂三乙胺的浓度等都不能使氟比洛芬对映体达到基线分离,只能部分分离。手性固定相法:氟比洛芬对映体在Chiral-pakAD手性柱上能达到较好的分离。在正己烷-乙腈流动相系统中,正己烷体积含量为90%,三乙胺体积含量为0.05%的条件下,氟比洛芬对映体得到了较好的分离,分离度为10.0。结论:建立的手性固定相法能有效拆分氟比洛芬对映体而手性流动相添加剂法不能拆分氟比洛芬对映体。     

天冬酰胺键合硅胶毛细管柱分离核苷的研究

目的研究天冬酰胺键合硅胶毛细管柱对核苷的分离效果。方法制备了天冬酰胺键合硅胶毛细管电色谱填充柱,并应用于极性的核苷化合物的分析。考察了流动相组成对该色谱柱电渗流线速度的影响,讨论了极性化合物和离子化合物的分离机理。结果所制备的天冬酰胺键合硅胶固定相具有亲水相互作用。对于电中性极性物质,亲水作用是其主要的保留机制;对于强极性的核苷物质,亲水相互作用,静电相互作用,电泳作用以及氢键作用等因素共同存在。结论核苷4种组分在10min内得到了较好的分离,效果良好     

水溶性β-CD聚合物在毛细管电泳中分离手性药物罗格列酮和芬氟拉明

目的：建立了一种用毛细管电泳拆分罗格列酮和芬氟拉明两种药物对映体的方法。方法：以水溶性β-环糊精聚合物（β-CD polymer）为手性选择剂，采用毛细管区带电泳模式，考察了手性选择剂浓度、背景电解质溶液pH值、柱温及分离电压等因素对分离的影响。结果：在优化的实验条件下，两种药物的手性对映体均达到基线分离。结论：方法操作简单，重现性好，可用于这两种药物的质量控制。     

毛细管电谱法分离手性药物

毛细管电色谱（CEC）有机地结合了高效液相色谱的多选择性和毛细管电泳的高效性,是一种新型的微柱分离方法。本文综述了毛细管电色谱在手性分离方面的分离方式及其应用,并对影响手性分离的主要因素作了介绍。     

焦谷氨酸对映体的手性高效液相色谱分离

目的:采用大环抗生素游壁菌素键合硅胶手性分离柱 Chirobiotic T 对焦谷氨酸手性对映体进行分离。方法:以 Chirobi-otic T 柱为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-三乙胺缓冲溶液(醋酸调 pH)体系和甲醇-醋酸-三乙胺极性有机溶剂体系,检测波长为214 nm,考察了焦谷氨酸对映体的分离,并与大环抗生素万古霉素键合硅胶手性分离柱 Chirobiotie V 进行了比较。结果:在甲醇-0.1%三乙胺(80:20,以醋酸调 pH 4.0)为流动相时,焦谷氨酸对映体在 Chirobiotic T 柱上可以实现基线分离,但有系统峰干扰;而甲醇-醋酸-三乙胺极性有机溶剂体系则更利于焦谷氨酸对映体的分离,并可对实际样品进行定量分析,无系统峰干扰。而在这2种条件下,Chirobiotic V 柱无法基线拆分焦谷氨酸对映体。结论:Chirobiotie T 柱对焦谷氨酸手性对映体有很好的拆分能力,可用于实际样品的定量分析。     

β-环糊精流动相和手性配位交换HPLC法分离药物对映体

目的:为生物样品手性药物对照体的分离测定建立手性流动相添加剂HPLC,方法:以β-环糊精和手性配位交换剂为流动相添加剂,分离测定了生物样品中羟基苯妥英、美芬妥英、叔丁喘安、氯噻酮、氧氟沙星等5种手性药物对映体.结果:测得结果各对映体之间均能得到较好的分离.以β-环糊精为流动相添加剂法测得4种手性药物对映体的分离度(R)在1.10～1.86之间,各对映体的理论板数(n)在1642～2022之间.以手性配位交换法测得氧氟沙星两对映体的R为2.10,n为2560和 2600.并于制备柱上分离获得两对映体的纯品.结论:本法无需特殊设备,可在常规高效液相仪上进行手性药物的分离测定,操作简便、手性添加剂的种类多,适用范围广、便于推广     

Comparative enantioseparation of selected chiral drugs on four different polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases using polar organic mobile phases.

The enantiomers of randomly selected chiral drugs and drug analogs of various structural and pharmacological groups were resolved on four different polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases (CSP) using pure methanol and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Polysaccharide phenylester type CSP, Chiralcel-OJ although resolving the enantiomers of some chiral drugs was less universal in the combination with methanol and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Among polysaccharide phenylcarabamates amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak-AD) was superior over the corresponding cellulose derivative, cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel-OD). However, another derivative of cellulose, namely, cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) (CDCPC) exhibited higher chiral recognition ability compared to Chiralpak-AD material. This study confirms previous findings about the applicability of polysaccharide type CSPs in so called polar organic mode as well as shows high potential of CDCPC as a practically useful CSP for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparations.     

Cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilised on silica: a novel chiral stationary phase for resolution of enantiomers

CHIRALPAK IC is a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) made by immobilising cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) on silica gel. The chiral selector is distinct from any other commercially available polysaccharide-based CSPs. Apart from its compatibility with the whole series of solvents; this CSP is able to operate under various chromatographic conditions and bring about new characteristics in enantiomeric recognition. It can afford many large and specific enantiomeric separations. It exhibits complementary properties with regard to the existing immobilised chiral packing materials of the same category.     

Development of liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation methods and validation for the estimation of (R)-enantiomer in eslicarbazepine acetate

Chiral separation method development was carried out for eslicarbazepine acetate and its (R)-enantiomer on diverse chiral stationary phases. Better chiral selectivity was observed on cellulose tris-(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) immobilized column (Chiralpak IC-3). Under polar organic mode (POM), with 100% acetonitrile as mobile phase and 0.5 ml/min flow, a resolution close to three was achieved. With normal phase (NP) mobile phase consisting dichloromethane:ethanol (90:10, v/v) and 1.0 ml/min flow, a resolution close to six was achieved. Detection was done by UV at 220 and 240 nm respectively. Both the methods were found to be robust and were validated with respect to robustness, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and accuracy. The proposed methods are suitable for the accurate estimation of (R)-enantiomer in bulk drug samples up to 0.1% when a 1 mg/ml analyte test solution is chromatographed.     

Comparison of several polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases for the enantiomer separation of<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl α-amino acids by hplc

The liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) protected alpha-amino acids was performed on nine polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The cellulose derived coated CSPs, Chiralcel OD-H (separation factor = 1.09-2.70) and Chiralcel OD (separation factor = 1.08-2.55), had the best performance of all the CSPs for resolution of N-FMOC alpha-amino acids and therefore, all analyte enantiomers were base-line separated on Chiralcel OD-H and/or Chiralcel OD. Enantioseparation on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derived CSPs (Chiralcel OD-H, Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak IB) is generally greater than that on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derived CSPs (Chiralpak AD-RH, Chiralpak AD and Chiralpak IA). Additionally, coated type CSPs (Chiralcel OD-H or Chiralcel OD, and Chiralpak AD) generally provided better enantioseparation for these analytes than the covalently bonded type CSPs (Chiralpak IB and Chiralpak IA) with the same chiral selector of cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), respectively. However, Chiralpak IB and Chiralpak IA had an advantage over the coated type CSPs in that a broader range of solvents could be used due to its covalently bonded nature.     

Analysis of optically active compounds using conventional chromatography with a circular dichroism detector

Analysis of optically active compounds in complex samples is often based on chiral chromatography or capillary electrophoresis in order to separate the enantiomers. This requires a chiral reagent, when using conventional chromatography, or an expensive chiral column, or a chiral selector, when using capillary electrophoresis. The type of column, reagent, or additive depends highly on the compound to be analysed. A simple and generally applicable method is using a conventional HPLC column coupled to a CD detector. Separation of enantiomers is not required, as they can be identified by a positive or negative peak. A racemate does not produce a peak; neither does an optically inactive compound. The application of HPLC-CD for the identification of pharmacologically active compounds, such as dexamphetamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, (-)-huperzine A, and interferon, as standards, in registered drugs, in falsifications, and in food supplements is described.     

Determination of aminoglutethimide enantiomers as dansyl derivative in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection.

Determination of aminoglutethimide enantiomers as a dansyl derivative in plasma by HPLC has been achieved using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) chiral stationary phase known as Chiralcel OD, and a mobile phase consisted of ethanol-cyclohexane-methanol (95:5:2 v/v/v). The limit of detection for each enantiomer of aminoglutethimide using fluorescence detector was 20 ng ml-1.     

Selected fundamental aspects of chiral electromigration techniques and their application to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

While capillary electrophoresis has been established as a major enantioseparation technique within the last decade, the potential of capillary electrochromatography is still studied extensively. This review summarizes recent applications of electromigration techniques with regard to the enantioseparation of chiral drugs. The first part discusses the general aspects of migration models and the enantiomer migration order. The application of capillary electrophoresis to chiral pharmaceutical analysis considers recent literature on: (1) chiral resolutions of non-racemic mixtures of enantiomers for the development of assays and the determination of the stereochemical purity of the drugs, (2) chiral separations of compounds in pharmaceutical formulations and products, and (3) enantioseparations of drugs in biological samples. A shorter section devoted to chiral electrochromatography discusses some fundamental aspects as well as the application to the chiral analysis of drugs including bioanalysis.     

正相HPLC-直链淀粉手性固定相拆分硼替佐米及其光学异构体

目的 建立硼替佐米光学异构体高效液相手性分离方法。方法 在Chiralpak AD-H[直链淀粉-三（3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）手性固定相]手性柱上拆分硼替佐米异构体,考察流动相中不同浓度的异丙醇与乙醇、柱温和流速对手性拆分的影响。结果 最佳拆分流动相组成为正己烷和改性调节剂,最佳色谱条件为正己烷-异丙醇-乙醇（86∶6∶8）,流速为0.6 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃。结论 本方法可方便地拆分硼替佐米异构体,为硼替佐米原料药质量标准和质量控制提供了科学依据。     

Studies on synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and antiinflammatory activities of some 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines and their condensed derivatives

In this study, the synthesis of some new 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines and their condensed derivatives, thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines, are described. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1R, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The direct high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the compounds on derivatized cellulose chiral stationary phases such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (OD), cellulose tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (OG), and cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (OJ) was studied. All of the compounds were screened for their antiinflammatory activity and also investigated histopathologically. Compounds 3 and 1a were found to be the most promising antiinflammatory agents in this group.     

Enantioseparation of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl alpha-amino acids on polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases by reverse mode liquid chromatography

The enantioseparation of N-protected fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (N-FMOC) alpha-amino acids was carried out on three polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OD), amylose tris(3,5-dimethyl-phenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD) and cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (Chiralcel OJ), and the influence of acetonitrile composition and pH of the eluents on the enantioseparation in reverse mode chromatography was examined. The best separation of the enantiomers was achieved with 40% acetonitrile in 50mM phosphate buffer at pH 2. However, increasing the composition of acetonitrile to 50% on Chiralcel OD yielded a considerable decrease of retention time with minimum loss of resolution. The elution order of N-FMOC alpha-amino acid enantiomers on Chiralcel OD and OJ were quite different, indicating that both phases could be used in a complementary manner for the separation of the enantiomers of N-FMOC alpha-amino acids. The positive relationship between the capacity factor of N-FMOC alpha-amino acids and the hydrophobicity of amino acids indicated that hydrophobicity plays an important role on the retention of the N-FMOC alpha-amino acids in the reverse mode.