伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌

目的：观察伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌的疗效与安全性。方法：对11例复发性卵巢癌应用伊立替康200mg／m^2,静滴,第1天;顺铂25mg／m^2,静滴,第1—3天,21天为1个周期,2个周期后进行一次疗效评价。结果：11例患者中完全缓解1例,部分缓解6例,总有效率为63．6％;主要不良反应为血液毒性,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞下降36．3％（4／11）,其次为恶心、呕吐,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度恶心、呕吐为27．3％（3／11）,仅1例出现Ⅲ度腹泻。结论：伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌是可行、安全、有效的。     

拓扑替康治疗小细胞肺癌Ⅱ期临床研究

目的：观察围产拓扑替康单药二线治疗复发性小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC)和与顺铂联合方案治疗初治SCLC的疗效及毒性。方法：采用多中心开放式研究方法,在100例病例中有97例符合人组条件,其中采用拓扑替康单药治疗的复发SCLC38例,用药方法为拓扑替康1．25mg/(m^2.d)连用5天,每3周一疗程;拓扑替康与顺铂联合用于初治SCLC病例59例,顺铂80mg/(m^2.d)d1,拓扑替康1mg/(m^2.d),连用5天,每3周一疗程。结果：拓扑替康单药用于复发SCLC有效率为37．5％,其中CR3．1％,34．4％,与顺铂联合用于初治SCLC细胞缺乏,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板下降31．6％,而联用药组Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞缺乏61．0％,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板下降39．0％,非血液学毒性较轻,结论：拓扑替康是治疗SCLC的有效药物之一,联合顺铂后可提高疗效,拓扑替康的主要毒副反应为血液学毒性。     

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌28例近期疗效观察

目的 观察拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效。方法 拓扑替康1mg／m^2，静脉点滴，第1～5天；PDD30mg／m^2，静脉点滴，第1～3天。每21天为1个周期，连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果 CR2例，PR13例，总有效率CR PR53.6％。本方案主要的毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论 拓扑替康联合顺铂是一个安全、有效的治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床方案。     

伊立替康联合顺铂与拓扑替康联合顺铂二线治疗小细胞肺癌的比较研究

目的：回顾性观察伊立替康联合顺铂（IP组）与拓扑替康联合顺铂（TP组）二线治疗难治型小细胞肺癌的近期、远期疗效及毒副作用。方法：共62例患者，均为一线EP方案治疗失败且在3～6个月内出现进展，IP组：伊立替康60mg／m^2，第1、8天，DDP25mg／m^2，第1～3天，静脉滴注；TP组：拓扑替康0．75mg／m^2，第1—5天，DDP25mg／m^2，第1～3天，静脉滴注。均21天为1周期。每2个周期评价疗效。结果：IP组30例，有效率33，3％（10／30），TP组32例，有效率37．5％（12／32），两组近期疗效无差异（P〉0．05）。两组中位疾病进展时间（mTFP）均为3．0个月；中位生存期（MST）分别为12个月和11．5个月，无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。两组毒副作用主要表现为：Ⅲ-Ⅳ度粒细胞下降TP组高于IP组（31．3％vs．23．3％），但两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板下降TP组高于IP组（18．8％vs．6．6％），两组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；延迟性腹泻IP组高于TP组（30．0％vs．3．1％）。结论：伊立替康联合顺铂与拓扑替康联合顺铂二线治疗难治型小细胞肺癌均取得较好疗效，两方案毒副作用均可以耐受。     

伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌

目的:观察伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌的疗效与安全性。方法:对11例复发性卵巢癌应用伊立替康200mg/m2,静滴,第1天;顺铂25 mg/m2,静滴,第1-3天,21天为1个周期,2个周期后进行一次疗效评价。结果:11例患者中完全缓解1例,部分缓解6例,总有效率为63.6%;主要不良反应为血液毒性,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞下降36.3%(4/11),其次为恶心、呕吐,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度恶心、呕吐为27.3%(3/11),仅1例出现Ⅲ度腹泻。结论:伊立替康联合顺铂治疗复发转移性卵巢癌是可行、安全、有效的。     

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期小细胞肺癌66例近期疗效观察

目的：观察拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期小细胞肺癌的近期疗效。方法：拓扑替康lmg／m^2，静脉点滴，d1-4；PDD40mg／m^2,静脉点滴，dl～3d。每2ld为一个周期，连用两个周期后评价疗效。结果：CR12例(12／66，18．2％)，PR30例(30／66，45．5％)，总有效率CR PR63．6％。本方案主要的毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论：拓扑替康联合顺铂是一个安全、有效的治疗晚期小细胞肺癌的临床方案。     

拓扑替康联合卡铂治疗复发性小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的：观察盐酸拓扑替康联合卡铂治疗复发性小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：对29例复发的小细胞肺癌患者采用CT方案化疗：拓普替康1.2mg/m^2,d1-5;卡铂300mg/m^2,d5,21天为1周期,至少治疗2周期。结果：CR 1例,PR 11例,SD 12例,PD 5例,总有效率为41.38%,其中敏感型和难治型复发患者的有效率分别为47.62%和25%。结论：拓普替康与卡铂作为二线方案治疗复发性小细胞肺癌,疗效确切。主要不良反应为血液学毒性,及时应用集落刺激因子,可耐受治疗。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗36例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌

[目的]观察吉西他滨与顺铂联合化疗对老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。[方法]吉荫他滨1000mg／m^2第1、8天静滴并联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌36例，3周为1个治疗周期，2个周期后评价疗效和毒副作用，随访缓解期和生存期。[结果]36例均化疗2个剧期以上，共化疗152个周期，其中CR1例，PR14例，SD18例，PD3例，缓解率（CR＋PR）41．7％，中位缓解期7个月．中位生存期9个月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血红蛋白减少周期数占6．6％（10／152）．Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞减少周期数占11．8％（18/152），Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少周期数占21．1％（32／152）。[结论]吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌具有较好的疗效，且毒副反应轻，患者可耐受。     

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的观察拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效及毒性。方法拓扑替康1.2mg/(m2.d),d1~5,顺铂20 mg/(m2.d),d1~5,3周为1周期。结果有效率为51.35%,其中CR 2例,PR 17例;毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞下降率为40.54%,Ⅲ~Ⅳ度消化道反应为8.11%。结论拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率高,主要毒副反应是骨髓抑制,可以作为治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌常规方案推广。     

拓扑替康联合顺铂与足叶乙甙联合卡铂一线治疗小细胞肺癌的随机临床研究

背景与目的 拓扑替康是治疗复发性小细胞肺癌的有效药物之一，已有的研究结果显示其一线治疗小细胞肺癌也是有效的。本研究拟比较国产拓扑替康联合顺铂（TP）方案与足叶乙甙联合卡铂（CE）方案一线治疗小细胞肺癌的疗效、毒副反应及生存率。方法 细胞学或病理确诊的64例初治小细胞肺癌患者随机分为TP组与CE组，两组各32例患者。TP组：拓扑替康0．75mg／（m^2·d），静脉滴注30min，第1～5天，顺铂25mg／（m^2·d），静点并水化，第1～3天。CE组：卡铂300mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天，足叶乙甙100mg／d，静脉滴注，第1～5天。两种方案均为21天重复。完成2周期化疗的患者进行疗效、毒副反应评价，并分析生存情况。局限期患者化疗结束后接受胸部放疗或手术。结果 TP组总有效率为75．0％，中位生存期为10．5个月，1、2、3年生存率分别为40．6％、18．8％、9．4％；CE组总有效率为68．8％，中位生存期为9．6个月，1、2、3年生存率分别为34．4％、15．6％、9．4％。两组的总有效率、中位生存期及1、2、3年生存率差异均无显著性统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组毒副反应均以骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、脱发等为主，Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度毒副反应差异无显著性统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 拓扑替康联合顺铂方案与足叶乙甙联合卡铂方案相比，疗效与生存相似，毒副反应可耐受，是一线治疗小细胞肺癌的有效方案。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.