GC同时测定藏药七味铁屑丸中4种物质的含量

目的 建立同时测定藏药七味铁屑丸中土木香内酯、异土木香内酯、去氢木香内酯和木香烃内酯的GC法。方法 HP-5毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm）;FID检测器;柱温箱温度140℃,进样口温度220℃,检测器温度250℃;载气为氮气,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,空气流速450 mL·min^-1,氢气流速45 mL·min^-1;进样量1 μL;分流比20︰1。结果 土木香内酯、异土木香内酯、去氢木香内酯和木香烃内酯的线性范围分别为7.120 2~71.202 2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.998 4）;5.478 5~54.785 1 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 1）;8.195 3~98.344 1 μg·mL^-1（r=0.996 7）;6.395 4~76.744 8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 2）;平均回收率分别为98.11%（RSD=1.04%）,98.12%（RSD=1.09%）,98.39%（RSD=1.26%）,97.52%（RSD=1.25%）。结论 本方法可有效可靠地对七味铁屑丸中藏木香和木香进行定量控制。     

RP-HPLC法测定田七痛经胶囊中阿魏酸、藁本内酯、欧当归内酯A

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定田七痛经胶囊中阿魏酸、藁本内酯、欧当归内酯A的方法。方法 选用Thermo Acclaim C₁₈色谱柱,Thermo SCIENTIFICSyncronis C₁₈色谱柱;检测波长为321、280 nm;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温35℃结果 阿魏酸、藁本内酯、欧当归内酯A的质量浓度与峰面积分别在1.12～112.30、1.33～132.60、0.96～95.50 μg/mL呈良好的线性关系;回归方程分别为Y=46 335 540 X+44 186.71（r=0.998）,Y=14 514 060 X+8 715.27（r=0.999）,Y= 22 031 250 X+16 472.10（r=0.999）。结论 该方法准确,简便,灵敏,可作为田七痛经胶囊质量控制的方法。     

瑞香狼毒的化学成分(英文)

从瑞香狼毒中分离得到一个新天然产物新狼毒素与4个已知化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇,东莨菪素,伞形花内酯及胡萝卜苷。其中新狼毒素与其它从该种植物中所分离得到的瑞香烷型二萜类化合物有不同之处。     

HPLC-DAD同时测定清感穿心莲片中3种成分的含量

目的 建立清感穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯和异丹叶大黄素3种成分的HPLC含量测定方法,为清感穿心莲片的质量控制提供参考。方法 采用HPLC-DAD法,Agilent Extend C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-水（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长225 nm （穿心莲内酯）,254 nm （脱水穿心莲内酯）,323 nm （异丹叶大黄素）,柱温35℃,流速0.8 mL·min^-1。结果 穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯和异丹叶大黄素分别在8.395~335.790 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,5.948~237.924 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）和0.854~25.607 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为97.2%,102.1%和98.2%,RSD分别为1.7%,3.0%和1.0%。对来自2个企业的14批次样品进行测定,穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯和异丹叶大黄素含量范围分别为每片0.80~2.43,0.59~2.71,和0.045~0.275 mg。结论 本方法准确可靠,可用于清感穿心莲片的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱,流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;流速0.9 mL·min^-1;检测波长分别为320 nm[检测远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖]、203 nm （检测人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ）和254 nm （检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）;柱温25℃。结果 远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素分别在2.070~41.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、3.860~77.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）、11.29~225.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、5.070~101.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、19.86~397.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.960 0~19.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）、0.670 0~13.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、2.580~51.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.04%,99.26%,99.05%,97.42%,100.0%,98.27%,97.81%,96.84%和99.86%,RSD分别为1.28%,0.82%,1.43%,1.43%,0.86%,1.26%,1.38%,1.16%和0.69%。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,能够对心神安胶囊中9种成分进行同时含量测定,为提高和完善心神安胶囊的质量标准提供了有效方法。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定瑞香狼毒中伞形花内酯和狼毒色原酮的含量

目的：建立超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法测定瑞香狼毒药材中伞形花内酯和狼毒色原酮的含量。方法：超高效液相色谱法,Waters BEH C₁₈（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）色谱柱;流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长伞形花内酯为327 nm,狼毒色原酮为297 nm;流速0.3 mL·min^-1;进样量2 μL,柱温25℃。结果：伞形花内酯、狼毒色原酮的线性范围分别为0.74~19.64 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、14.70~352.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）,平均回收率分别为99.20%,99.63%,RSD分别为1.81%,1.65%。13批瑞香狼毒药材中伞形花内酯的含量范围为0~0.602 mg·g^-1,狼毒色原酮的含量范围6.08~33.37 mg·g^-1。结论：该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好、结果准确可靠,可用于中药瑞香狼毒的质量控制。     

HPLC测定肾炎宁片中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚及雷公藤甲素的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定肾炎宁片中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚及雷公藤甲素的含量。方法 大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚的测定采用流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸（70∶30）,检测波长为254 nm;雷公藤甲素采用流动相为乙腈-水（25∶75）,检测波长为220 nm;两者均采用Lichrospher-C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 mm）,流速均为1.0 ml·min^-1。结果 大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚以及雷公藤甲素分别在1.83~14.64 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,2.895~23.16 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）,7.625~61.00 μg·ml^-1 （r=0.999 8）以及1.52~24.32 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,大黄酸平均回收率为103.2%,RSD=1.73% （n=9）;大黄素平均回收率为98.6%,RSD=3.94%（n=9）;大黄酚平均回收率为98.3%,RSD=2.54%（n=9）;雷公藤甲素平均回收率为99.61%,RSD=2.83%（n=9）。结论 本方法准确、可靠、专属性强,可作为该制剂的定量控制方法。     

HPLC同时测定通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的含量

目的 建立通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用Welch Ultimate XD-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,双波长检测（282,305 nm）,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 丹参素、丹酚酸B、原儿茶醛、葛根素和阿魏酸的线性范围分别为3.117~62.33 μg·mL^-1（r=0.998 7）,4.044~80.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.9985）,1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 9）,7.964~159.3 μg·mL^-1（r=0.992 8）,1.980~39.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）;平均回收率分别为101.6%（RSD=1.62%）,99.7%（RSD=1.76%）,97.4%（RSD=1.19%）,99.9%（RSD=1.52%）,102.2%（RSD=1.56%）。结论 该方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,可用于通脉颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定跌打丸中3种有效成分的含量

目的 探讨建立同时测定跌打丸中芍药苷、川续断皂苷Ⅵ和丹皮酚含量的方法。方法 采用Agilent ZORBAX C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流速为0.8 mL·min^-1,以乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长为230,212,274 nm。结果 芍药苷进样量在0.514 8~1.544 5 μg与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均回收率为97.01%（RSD=0.94%,n=6）。川续断皂苷Ⅵ在3.023 8~9.071 4 μg线性关系良好（r=0.999 2）,平均回收率为98.44%（RSD=0.26%,n=6）。丹皮酚在0.101 2~0.303 6 μg线性关系良好（r=0.999 8）,平均回收率为97.84%（RSD=0.42%,n=6）。结论 建立的方法简便可行,重复性好,灵敏度高,可有效控制跌打丸的质量。     

芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量标准研究

目的 建立芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量标准。方法 对芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂中白芥子、延胡索、甘遂和细辛采用TLC定性鉴别;采用HPLC对芥子碱硫氰酸盐、延胡索乙素和细辛脂素进行定量测定。结果 薄层色谱法鉴别斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性无干扰;芥子碱硫氰酸盐在20.2~202.0 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、延胡索乙素在1.312~20.992 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）和细辛脂素在1.925~38.500 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）内与峰面积的线性关系良好;芥子碱硫氰酸盐的平均回收率为99.06%,RSD=2.20%;延胡索乙素的平均回收率为98.66%,RSD=2.35%;细辛脂素的平均回收率为99.75%,RSD=1.74%。结论 该法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量控制。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。